Factors affecting the prevalence of endoparasites in pre-weaning calves in a warm humid climate of Mexico

Fig. 1.

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Fig. 3.

Prevalence of the main genera of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle from the municipalities of Salto de Agua, Chiapas, and Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico_

	Date	Trichostrongylids¥	Strongyloides	Trichuris	Dictyocaulus	Toxocara	Coccidia
Farm 1 DNA	May-22	66.7	73.3	-	6.7	-	-
Salto de Agua, Chis.	June-22	52.9	88.2	11.8	17.7	-	17.7
	August-22	51.4	-	-	-	-	-
	September-22	81.8	-	10.0	-	-	-
Farm 2 DRG	May-22	76.7	26.7	6.5	3.2	6.5	25.8
Salto de Agua, Chis.	June-22	16.0	-	3.9	-	23.1	3.9
	August-22	36.8	2.6	2.6	-	-	-
Farm 3 GCh	May-22	92.9	57.4	-	-	-	-
Teapa, Tab.	June-22	35.7	71.4	-	-	-	14.3
Farm 4 DNT	June-23ψ	33.3	7.4	4.0	4.0	-	36.0
Salto de Agua, Chis.	July-23	44.4	22.2	-	4.0	4.0	12.0
	August-23	29.6	14.8	-	4.0	-	4.0
	September-23	57.4	20.4	-	-	-	-
	October-23θ	63.0	3.7	4.0	-	4.0	-
	November-23	63.0	-	-	-	-	-
	December-23	70.4	3.7	-	-	-	54.0

Severity of Fasciola hepatica and paramphistomid infection in cattle in the municipality of Salto de Agua, Chiapas_

		Fasciola hepatica			Paramphistomid
	N	Mean	SE	Rank	Mean	SE	Rank
Farm DNA	96	3.9a	1.2	0 – 88	3.3a	1.0	0 – 60
Farm DRG	78	0.3b	0.1	0 – 4	1.0b	0.2	0 – 8
Sampling-May	46	3.5a	2.0	0 – 88	2.2a	1.2	0 – 52
Sampling-June	43	5.0ab	1.6	0 – 44	1.1a	0.8	0 – 32
Sampling-August	85	0.3b	0.1	0 – 4	2.8a	0.8	0 – 60
Females	66	2.2a	0.9	0 – 44	2.1a	0.6	0 – 32
Males	51	4.4a	2.0	0 – 88	1.4a	1.0	0 – 52

Average fecal nematode egg count by treatment and sex of calves_

Treatment	Sex	EPG*	Strongyloides
Deworming	Female	193	376
	Male	814	722
No deworming	Female	316	246
	Male	278	84

Severity of infection by trichostrongylids and Strongyloides spp_ in pre-weaning calves in the municipality of Salto de Agua_

Farms	Month	N	Trichostrongylids¥		Strongyloides
			Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Farm 1 DNA	May	31	216	240	71	210
	June	26	29	87	2	10
	August	39	46	94	0	0
Farm 2 DRG	May	15	353	616	16,877	54,504
	June	17	100	129	959	1566
	August	46	92	122	0	0

Prevalence of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica and paramphistomids) in cattle in southeastern Mexico in the samplings carried out during 2022 and 2023_

Farm and sampling date		Physiological stage	Fasciola hepatica	Paramphistomids
Farm 1 DNA	May-22	Lactating cows	25.8 % (8/31)	22.6 % (7/31)
Salto de Agua, Chiapas	June-22	Lactating cows	50.0 % (13/26)	15.4 % (4/26)
	August-22	Lactating cows	0.0 % (0/39)	41.0 % (16/39)
Farm 2 DRG	May-22	Calves	0.0 % (0/17)	70.6 % (12/17)
Salto de Agua Chiapas	June-22	Calves	0.0 % (0/17)	0.0 % (0/17)
	August-22	Lactating cows	20.0 % (7/35)	48.6 % (17/35)
	September-22	Lactating cows	0.0 % (0/11)	0.0 % (0/11)
Farm 4 DNT	August-23	Calves	4.2 % (1/24)	0.0 % (0/24)
Salto de Agua, Chiapas	September-23	Calves	4.0 % (2/50)	0.0 % (0/50)
	October-23	Calves	9.8 % (4/41)	7.3 % (3/41)
	November-23	Calves	0.0 % (0/25)	4.0 % (1/25)
	December-23	Calves	4.2 % (1/24)	0.0 % (0/24)
Farm 5 Rita	July-23	Lactating cows	28.6 % (4/14)	28.6 % (4/14)
Farm 6 Frank	August-23	Lactating cows	3.4 % (1/29)	0.0 % (0/29)
Farm 7 JSalv	September-23	Lactating cows	0.0 % (0/51)	2.0 % (1/51)
Farm 8 PNR2	October-23	Lactating cows	10.3 % (7/68)	13.2 % (9/68)
Farm 9 RNat	November-23	Lactating cows	40.6 % (13/32)	56.3 % (18/32)
Farm 10 RNat2	November-23	Lactating cows	26.7 % (12/45)	35.6 % (16/45)
Farm 11 R1CM	November-23	Lactating cows	10.0 % (3/30)	33.3 % (10/30)
Farm 12 R2CM	November-23	Lactating cows	3.2 % (1/31)	41.9 % (13/31)
Total			12 % (77/640)	20.5 % (131/640)