1 | Detrie & Lease (2007) | | Positive correlation between social support from friends and self-esteem (r=0.68, p<0.001) | |
| | | No correlation between social support from family and self-esteem (r=0.01) Positive correlation between social connectedness and self-esteem (r=0.30, p<0.001) | |
| | | Collective self-esteem positively related to self-acceptance (r=0.38, p<0.001) Self-esteem positively related to social support from family (r=0.41, p<0.001) Self-esteem positively related to social support from friends (r=0.41, p<0.001) | |
2 | Dahl & Galliher (2010) | Self-esteem negatively correlated with sexual orientation conflict (r=–0.399, p<0.01) | Self-esteem positively correlated with positive God (r=0.254, p<0.01) and with positive faith (r=0.195, p<0.05) Self-esteem negatively correlated with negative God (r=–0.366, p<0.01) and with fear and guilt (r=–0.404, p<0.01) | Positive correlation between sexual orientation conflict, and negative God (r=0.240, p<0.01) and fear and guilt (r=0.370, p<0.05) |
3 | Grossman & Kerner (1998) | No significant differences between self-esteem scores for gay males (M=19.7576, n=58, SD=4.92) and lesbians (M=19.00, n=32, SD=5.83) | Higher self-esteem is a moderately strong predictor of lower emotional distress in gay males (R=0.26, F(2, 53)=9.36, p<.001) and a strong predictor in lesbians (R=0.51, F(2, 29)=14.85, p<0.001) | No significant differences in satisfaction with support scores between gay males (M=3.69, n=58, SD=0.53) and lesbians (M=3.66, n=32, SD=0.57) No significant differences in emotional distress scores between gay males (M=1.17, n=58, SD=0.75) and lesbians (M=1.23, n=32, SD=0.79) |
4 | Ioverno et al. (2016) | | GSA presence leads to no changes in self- esteem from T1 (M=21.14, n=327, SD=5.64) to T2 (M=20.72, n=327, SD=5.34) | N/A |
5 | Poteat et al. (2015) | N/A | Victimization negatively correlated with self-esteem (r=–0.18, p<0.5) Higher perception of support from GSA predicted higher scores on self-esteem (β=0.12, p<0.05) | N/A |
6 | Hershberger & D’Augelli (1995) | Self-esteem positively correlated with sexual identification comfort (r=0.33, p<0.05) | Self-esteem positively correlated with family relations (r=0.11, p<0.05) Self-esteem showed no significant correlation with family acceptance (r=0.03), or with family protection (r=–0.01) Self-esteem negatively correlated with mental health problems (r=–0.46, p<0.05) | Sexual identification comfort positively correlated with family acceptance (r=0.18, p<0.05), with family protection (r=0.21, p<0.05), and with family relations (r=0.44, p<0.05) |
7 | Savin-Williams (1989) | Self-esteem scores slightly higher for lesbians (M=22.18) than for gay males (M=21.98) | Self-esteem shows no association with parental acceptance, contact with parents, relationship with father, or marital status of parents | Lesbians scored higher (M=2.71) than gay males (M=2.41) on being out to their father |
| | Self-esteem shows no association with sexual orientation comfort | Lesbians’ self-esteem shows significant correlation with mother’s age (r=–0.23, p<0.02) and satisfaction with relationship with mother (r=–0.26, p<0.01) Gay males’ self-esteem shows significant correlation with being out to their mother (r=–0.15, p<0.03) and with satisfaction with mother (r=–0.22, p<0.003) and with father (r=–0.22, p<0.002) | Lesbians and gay males scored similar (M=2.14 and M=2.15, respectively) on being out to their mother |
8 | Snapp et al. (2015) | Self-esteem positively correlated with LGBTesteem (r=0.41, p<0.05) | Self-esteem positively correlated with support from friends about being LGBT (r=0.19, p<0.05) | Being out to friends positively correlated with LGBT-esteem (r=0.20, p<0.05) Support from friends about being LGBT |
| | | Self-esteem positively correlated with the availability of LGBT books and magazines (r=0.16, p<0.05) Family acceptance predicted self-esteem (β=0.38, p<0.001) Support from friends about being LGBT predicted self-esteem (β=0.15, p<0.05) | positively correlated with LGBT-esteem (r=0.19, p<0.05) Being out to family, friends, and others predicted LGBT-esteem (β=0.31, p<0.001) Family Acceptance predicted LGBT-Esteem (β=.36, p<.001). |
9 | Woodford et al. (2015) | LGBQ identity salience positively correlated with self-esteem (r=0.17, p<0.05) | Self-esteem negatively correlated with anxiety (r=–0.55, p≤0.001) Self-esteem negatively correlated with perceived stress (r=–0.71, p≤0.001) | Relationship recognition is negatively correlated with LGBQ identity salience (r=–0.15, p<0.05) Distal environmental microaggressions were positively correlated with LGBQ identity salience (r=0.30, p≤0.001) |
10 | Rotheram- Borus et al. (1995) | N/A | Self-esteem positively but not significantly correlated with gay-related stressors (r=0.15, p<0.05), with academic stressors (r=0.03, p<0.05), with other life stressors (r=0.15, p<0.05), or with emotional distress (r=0.11, p<0.05) | N/A |
11 | D’Augelli & Hershberger (1993) | N/A | Self-esteem negatively correlated with mental health issues (r=–0.44, p<01) Self-esteem negatively correlated with depression (r=–0.49, p<0.01) Self-esteem negatively correlated with interpersonal sensitivity (r=–0.41, p<0.01) | N/A |
12 | Russel et al. (2014) | Self-esteem negatively correlated with hiding at school (r=–0.21, p<0.001) Self-esteem showed no significant correlation with being out in school (r=0.10) | Self-esteem negatively correlated with LGBT victimization (r=–0.24, p<0.05) Self-esteem negatively correlated with depression (r=–0.47, p<0.001) Self-esteem positively correlated with life satisfaction (r=0.34, p<0.001) | Hiding at school was positively correlated with LGBT victimization (r=0.14, p<0.05) Hiding at school positively correlated with depression (r=0.24, p<0.001) Hiding at school negatively correlated with life satisfaction (r=–0.14, p<0.05) Being out at school positively correlated with LGBT victimization (r=0.29, p<0.001) Being out at school negatively correlated with depression (r=–0.22, p<0.001) Being out at school positively correlated with life satisfaction (r=0.16, p<0.05) |
13 | Rosario et al. (2005) | N/A | At baseline: Self-esteem negatively correlated with depression (r=–0.62, p<0.05), with anxiety (r=–0.35, p<0.05), and with conduct problems (r=–0.16, p<0.05) Self-esteem positively correlated with social support from family (r=0.27, p<0.05) and friends (r=0.28, p<0.05), and with social desirability (r=0.25, p<0.05) Self-esteem negatively correlated with negative social relationships (r=–0.44, p<0.05) | N/A |
| | | At 6-month assessment: Self-esteem negatively correlated with depression (r=–0.54, p<0.05) and with anxiety (r=–0.28, p<0.05). Correlation between self-esteem and conduct problems was negative but not significant (r=–0.10) | |
| | | At 12-month assessment: Self-esteem negatively correlated with depression (r=–0.37, p<0.05) and with anxiety (r=–0.23, p<0.05). Correlation between self-esteem and conduct problems was negative but not significant (r=–0.02) | |
14 | Blais et al. (2014) | N/A | Self-esteem negatively correlated with homophobic bullying (r=–0.171, p<0.05) Self-esteem negatively correlated with internalized homophobia (r=–0.171, p<0.05) Internalized homophobia positively correlated with homophobic bullying (r=0.388, p<0.05) Relationship between self-esteem and homophobic bullying mediated by internalized homophobia | N/A |
15 | Wilkerson et al. (2017) | N/A | Increased social support associated with increased self-esteem (β=–0.72, p<0.05) Hatch Youth attendance was associated with increasing self-esteem (T1: β=0.08, p<0.05; T2: β=0.30, p<0.05) | N/A |
16 | Vincke & van Heeringen (2002) | N/A | Self-esteem positively correlated with parents’ awareness of sexual orientation at T1 and T2, but these correlations are not significant (r=0.09 and r=0.09, respectively) Self-esteem negatively correlated with parent acceptance at T1 (r=–0.03) and positively correlated at T2 (r=0.08), but these correlations are not significant Self-esteem positively correlated with satisfaction with lesbian/gay friendship relations at T1 (r=0.20, p<0.05) and at T2 (r=0.26, p<0.05) Self-esteem positively correlated with confidant support at T1 (r=0.41, p<0.05) and at T2 (r=0.41, p<0.05) | |
17 | Bauermeister et al. (2010) | Self-esteem was not associated with Kinsey Scale scores | Males: Self-esteem at Tpositively associated 2 with self-esteem at T1 (β=0.47, p≤0.001), with number of friends aware of sexual identity at T(β=0.15, p≤0.05), and with 2 social support at T2 (β=0.17, p≤0.05) Females: Self-esteem at Tpositively associated 2 with self-esteem at T 1 (β=0.63, p≤0.001) and with social support T 2 (β=0.20, p≤0.01) | N/A |
18 | Rosario et al. (2011) | | Self-esteem positively associated with social desirability (r=0.28, p<0.05) Self-esteem was positively associated with family support (r=0.26, p<0.05) Self-esteem negatively associated with negative social relationships (r=–0.36, p<0.05) | Highly integrated youth reported less anxiety and depression, and fewer conduct problems |
| | | Highly integrated youth reported higher self-esteem | |
19 | Bos et al. (2008) | Sexual attraction negatively correlated with self-esteem (r=–0.14, p<0.001) | Self-esteem positively correlated with disclosure to father (r=0.26, p<0.001), with disclosure to mother (r=0.18, p<0.001), with social acceptance (r=0.38, p<0.001), and with respect from mentor (r=0.15, p<0.001) | Sexual attraction negatively correlated with disclosure to father (r=–0.10, p<0.01), with social acceptance (r=–0.09, p<0.01), with respect from mentor (r=–0.09, p<0.01), and with school identification (r=–0.09, p<0.01) |
| | | Self-esteem negatively correlated with peer role strain (r=–0.21, p<0.001), and with depression (r=–0.66, p<0.001) | Sexual attraction negatively correlated with disclosure to mother, but correlation was not significant (r=–0.04) Sexual attraction positively correlated with peer role strain (r=0.10, p<0.01) and with depression (r=0.26, p<0.001) |
20 | Toomey et al. (2011) | | Self-esteem positively associated with GSA presence (r=0.12, p<0.01) | |
| | | Self-esteem showed no significant association with GSA participation (r=0.06) or with perceived GSA effectiveness (r=0.05) | |