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Luminescence Dating of Nuomuhong Culture Ceramics at Talitaliha Site on the Northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Manping Sun
Manping Sun
, 
Yongjuan Sun
Yongjuan Sun
, 
E Chongyi
E Chongyi
, 
Guangliang Hou
Guangliang Hou
, 
Jing Zhang
Jing Zhang
 oraz 
Yunkun Shi
Yunkun Shi
   | 31 gru 2021
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Data publikacji: 31 gru 2021
Zakres stron: 391 - 401
Otrzymano: 15 lut 2019
Przyjęty: 23 mar 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/geochr-2020-0034
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© 2019 Manping Sun e al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Fig. 1

Location of Talitaliha archaeological site in the Qaidam Basin. The site (red star symbol) is located at the edge of a huge proluvial fan. Black triangles represent other Nuomuhong culture sites in the Qaidam Basin: (1) Hongshanzuinanpo (Chen et al., 2015); (2) Baishuihexian; (3) Tawendaliha (Chen et al., 2015); (4) Xiariyamakebu (Chen et al., 2015); (5) Keer (Chen et al., 2015); (6) Shangchaikai; (7) Qiaohuerage.
Location of Talitaliha archaeological site in the Qaidam Basin. The site (red star symbol) is located at the edge of a huge proluvial fan. Black triangles represent other Nuomuhong culture sites in the Qaidam Basin: (1) Hongshanzuinanpo (Chen et al., 2015); (2) Baishuihexian; (3) Tawendaliha (Chen et al., 2015); (4) Xiariyamakebu (Chen et al., 2015); (5) Keer (Chen et al., 2015); (6) Shangchaikai; (7) Qiaohuerage.

Fig. 2

Study section and sample locations. (A) Overview of the sampling section at Talitaliha site showing location of four OSL sandy loess samples. (B) and (C) Five groups of sand tempered grey ceramics were sampled for OSL from the thick culture layer. (D) and (E) Two OSL sandy loess samples were taken from below the earth wall, located in the south of the site, to provide a lower dating limit for the Talitaliha site.
Study section and sample locations. (A) Overview of the sampling section at Talitaliha site showing location of four OSL sandy loess samples. (B) and (C) Five groups of sand tempered grey ceramics were sampled for OSL from the thick culture layer. (D) and (E) Two OSL sandy loess samples were taken from below the earth wall, located in the south of the site, to provide a lower dating limit for the Talitaliha site.

Fig. 3

Comparison of U, Th and K content of ceramics (NMH1–5) and surrounding sediment (sed1–5) as measured by inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and neutron activation analysis (NAA).
Comparison of U, Th and K content of ceramics (NMH1–5) and surrounding sediment (sed1–5) as measured by inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and neutron activation analysis (NAA).

Fig. 4

Luminescence characteristics of quartz OSL and K-feldspar post-IR IRSL (pIRIR) signals from ceramic, and of the quartz OSL from stratigraphy sample. (A) Best fit growth curve using an exponential function for quartz from sample NMH-1, with a natural stimulation curve inset. (B) Best fit growth curves using an exponential function for coarse-grained K-feldspar from sample NMH-1, with a natural stimulated curve of IRSL and pIRIR290 inset.
Luminescence characteristics of quartz OSL and K-feldspar post-IR IRSL (pIRIR) signals from ceramic, and of the quartz OSL from stratigraphy sample. (A) Best fit growth curve using an exponential function for quartz from sample NMH-1, with a natural stimulation curve inset. (B) Best fit growth curves using an exponential function for coarse-grained K-feldspar from sample NMH-1, with a natural stimulated curve of IRSL and pIRIR290 inset.

Fig. 5

omparison of quartz OSL ages and K-feldspar pIRIR290 ages from Talitaliha. Solid line represents 1:1 and dashed lines represent ±10% deviation.
omparison of quartz OSL ages and K-feldspar pIRIR290 ages from Talitaliha. Solid line represents 1:1 and dashed lines represent ±10% deviation.

Fig. 6

Comparison of luminescence ages for ceramics and stratigraphy samples with calibrated radiocarbon ages for Talitaliha site. Age determinations from this study are consistent with the 14C age of the towel (the pink line) (IA, CASS 1991). The green line represents the 14C age of the stake, which is influenced by the “old wood” effect (Dong et al., 2014).
Comparison of luminescence ages for ceramics and stratigraphy samples with calibrated radiocarbon ages for Talitaliha site. Age determinations from this study are consistent with the 14C age of the towel (the pink line) (IA, CASS 1991). The green line represents the 14C age of the stake, which is influenced by the “old wood” effect (Dong et al., 2014).

Fig. 7

Comparison of quartz OSL ages from this study with calibrated radiocarbon ages from typical Nuomuhong sites in the Qaidam Basin. All ages show good agreement, ranging between 3400–2450 cal yr BP. Note*: Samples Beta-324460 (barley), BA120179 (wheat), BA120203 (barley), Beta-324459 (barley) and BA120178 (barley) are from Chen et al. (2015); samples BA120176 (barley) and LUG12-121 (charcoal) are from Dong et al. (2014); samples LUG12-56 (charcoal), BA120680 (charcoal) and Beta324460 (charcoal) are from Dong et al. (2016); and sample ZK-0062 (charcoal) is from IA, CASS (1991).
Comparison of quartz OSL ages from this study with calibrated radiocarbon ages from typical Nuomuhong sites in the Qaidam Basin. All ages show good agreement, ranging between 3400–2450 cal yr BP. Note*: Samples Beta-324460 (barley), BA120179 (wheat), BA120203 (barley), Beta-324459 (barley) and BA120178 (barley) are from Chen et al. (2015); samples BA120176 (barley) and LUG12-121 (charcoal) are from Dong et al. (2014); samples LUG12-56 (charcoal), BA120680 (charcoal) and Beta324460 (charcoal) are from Dong et al. (2016); and sample ZK-0062 (charcoal) is from IA, CASS (1991).

Quartz OSL and K-feldspar pIRIR290 dating results for five ceramic samples and quartz OSL results for six sandy loess samples from Talitaliha site. Samples NMH2-1, NMH2-2, NMH2-3 and NMH2-4 are from the culture layer and samples NMHW and NMHW2 are from the surface layer.

Sample Depth Sample Quartz Feldspar
Discs De (Gy) OD (%) Age (ka) Cups De (Gy) OD (%) Age (ka)
NMH-1 100 ceramic 21 12.93±0.45 16.20±5.15 3.0±0.2 12 17.19±0.16 1.00±0.54 3.3±0.1
NMH-2 120 ceramic 21 14.13±0.41 17.53±9.70 3.2±0.2 12 18.37±0.29 3.38±1.80 3.4±0.2
NMH-3 150 ceramic 21 16.55±0.19 9.03±1.27 3.2±0.2 12 20.59±0.34 4.43±1.01 3.4±0.2
NMH-4 180 ceramic 15 15.89±0.49 11.70±1.28 3.4±0.2 12 19.09±0.19 1.95±1.01 3.5±0.2
NMH-5 210 ceramic 21 15.83±0.37 17.25±5.47 3.3±0.2 12 18.75±0.18 0.50±0.43 3.0±0.1
NMH2-1 50 sandy loess 18 6.13±0.30 1.32±0.73 1.7±0.1
NMH2-2 100 sandy loess 27 11.26±0.16 4.70±3.32 3.6±0.2
NMH2-3 200 sandy loess 30 10.78±0.12 1.23±1.01 3.2±0.2
NMH2-4 300 sandy loess 18 12.54±0.78 3.28±1.27 3.5±0.2
NMHW 10 sandy loess 18 12.79±0.50 2.26±1.11 3.9±0.2
NMHW2 50 sandy loess 18 16.15±1.15 7.50±7.50 4.4±0.4

Concentrations of U, Th and K in ceramic, sediment and sandy loess samples.

Sample Depth (cm) Sample type ICP-MS NAA
U (ppm) Th (ppm) K (%) U (ppm) Th (ppm) K (%)
NMH-1 100 ceramic 2.39±0.30 16.32±0.80 3.01±0.06 2.05±0.09 13.40±0.36 3.16±0.08
Sed-1 100 sandy loess 3.62±0.40 8.94±0.60 1.97±0.04 1.82±0.10 9.44±0.33 1.90±0.06
NMH-2 120 ceramic 3.00±0.30 15.25±0.80 3.17±0.06 2.34±0.09 13.60±0.37 3.13±0.08
Sed-2 120 sandy loess 3.30±0.40 9.65±0.60 1.92±0.40 1.78±0.09 10.66±0.36 1.93±0.06
NMH-3 150 ceramic 2.87±0.30 21.78±0.90 3.72±0.06 2.68±0.10 21.00±0.53 3.77±0.08
Sed-3 150 sandy loess 3.31±0.40 14.08±0.70 2.20±0.05 0.83±0.04 10.00±0.34 2.08±0.06
NMH-4 180 ceramic 5.04±0.50 11.44±0.70 3.39±0.06 4.78±0.15 13.00±0.35 3.55±0.08
Sed-4 180 sandy loess 3.12±0.40 8.52±0.60 1.83±0.04 2.76±0.10 12.00±0.34 1.82±0.06
NMH-5 210 ceramic 3.08±040 20.97±0.90 3.54±0.06 2.76±0.10 18.60±0.48 3.58±0.08
Sed-5 210 sandy loess 2.55±0.30 8.97±0.60 1.95±0.04 2.79±0.11 12.20±0.34 1.97±0.06
NMH2-1 50 sandy loess 2.29±0.40 10.91±0.70 2.17±0.04
NMH2-2 100 sandy loess 3.22±0.40 6.87±0.60 1.81±0.04
NMH2-3 200 sandy loess 2.78±0.40 6.96±0.60 1.95±0.04
NMH2-4 300 sandy loess 2.39±0.40 12.83±0.70 1.96±0.04
NMHW 10 sandy loess 1.71±0.30 8.76±0.60 2.04±0.04
NMHW2 50 sandy loess 1.82±0.30 12.86±0.70 2.21±0.04

Calculated quartz and feldspar dose rates for ceramics measured by inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and neutron activation analysis (NAA), and for stratigraphic samples from the culture layer and below the earth wall measured by ICP-MS.

Sample Depth (cm) Sample type Water content (%) ICP-MS NAA
Beta (Gy/ka) Gamma (Gy/ka) Quartz dose rate (Gy/ka) K-feldspar dose rate (Gy/ka) Beta (Gy/ka) Gamma (Gy/ka) Quartz dose rate (Gy/ka) K-feldspar dose rate (Gy/ka)
NMH-1 100 ceramic 5±4 3.19±0.06 1.79±0.004 4.33±0.19 5.21±0.20 3.20±0.06 1.65±0.002 4.30±0.19 5.17±0.20
Sed-1 100 sandy loess 5±4 2.33±0.05 1.31±0.005 2.15±0.05 1.26±0.002
NMH-2 120 ceramic 5±4 3.37±0.06 1.84±0.004 4.46±0.20 5.34±0.20 3.19±0.06 1.64±0.002 4.31±0.19 5.18±0.20
Sed-2 120 sandy loess 5±4 2.26±0.05 1.29±0.005 2.18±0.05 1.29±0.002
NMH-3 150 ceramic 5±4 3.97±0.06 2.28±0.004 5.24±0.23 6.10±0.24 3.79±0.07 1.94±0.002 4.84±0.22 5.71±0.22
Sed-3 150 sandy loess 5±4 2.61±0.05 1.58±0.005 2.24±0.52 1.32±0.002
NMH-4 180 ceramic 5±4 3.73±0.06 1.93±0.006 4.66±0.21 5.53±0.21 3.66±0.07 1.74±0.002 4.68±0.21 5.55±0.22
Sed-4 180 sandy loess 5±4 2.13±0.05 1.20±0.005 2.16±0.05 1.29±0.002
NMH-5 210 ceramic 5±4 3.84±0.06 2.22±0.005 4.73±0.21 6.22±0.27 3.62±0.07 1.85±0.002 4.68±0.21 6.04±0.27
Sed-5 210 sandy loess 5±4 2.16±0.04 1.19±0.004 2.28±0.05 1.33±0.002
NMH2-1 50 sandy loess 5±4 2.36±0.05 1.31±0.007 3.62±0.17
NMH2-2 100 sandy loess 5±4 2.08±0.05 1.13±0.005 3.14±0.15
NMH2-3 200 sandy loess 5±4 2.14±0.05 1.12±0.006 3.31±0.16
NMH2-4 300 sandy loess 5±4 2.28±0.05 1.41±0.006 3.55±0.17
NMHW 10 sandy loess 5±4 2.11±0.04 1.11±0.005 3.31±0.15
NMHW2 50 sandy loess 5±4 1.36±0.04 1.36±0.005 3.70±0.17

Sequential steps followed in this study for the measurement of single-aliquot regenerative (SAR) and post-IR IRSL (pIR50IR290).

Step Ceramic sample Stratigraphic sediment sample
Quartz OSL Observed K-feldspar pIRIR Observed Quartz OSL Observed
1 Give dose, Di (i=0, 1, 2, 3…) Give dose, Di (i=0, 1, 2, 3…) Give dose, Di (i=0,1,2,3…)
2 Preheat (200°C, 10 s) Preheat (320°C, 60 s) Preheat (260°C, 10 s)
3 IRSL (50°C, 200 s) Lx,IR 50
4 OSL (125°C, 40 s) Lx IRSL (290°C, 200 s) Lx,pIRIR 290 OSL (125°C, 40 s) Lx
5 Test dose Test dose Test dose
6 Cut-heat (160°C) Cut-heat (320°C, 60 s) Cut-heat (220°C)
7 IRSL (50°C, 200 s) Tx,IR 50
8 OSL (125°C, 40 s) Tx IRSL (290°C, 200 s) Tx,pIRIR 290 OSL (125°C, 40 s) Tx
9 OSL (280°C, 40 s) IRSL (325°C, 200 s) OSL (280°C, 40 s)
10 Return to step 1 Return to step 1 Return to step 1

Calibrated radiocarbon dates from Talitaliha site. There is good agreement of ages from charcoal and bone. As explained in the text, when cross-checking with OSL dates from the site, 65 years was added to the calibrated 14C result.

Sample Lab number Depth (cm) Dated material 14C age (BP) Calibrated age (cal BP) Method
1 Sigma 2 Sigma
NMHC-1 Beta-491058 100 charcoal 2940±30 3176±52 3151±95 AMS
NMHC-2 Beta-491059 120 charcoal 2920±30 3106±40 3130±96 AMS
NMHC-3 Beta-491060 150 charcoal 3000±30 3253±44 3229±89 AMS
NMHB-1 Beta-491061 150 bone 2890±30 3082±47 3070±77 AMS
NMHB-2 Beta-491062 180 Bone 2940±30 3176±52 3151±95 AMS
NMHB-3 Beta-491063 210 bone 2940±30 3176±52 3151±95 AMS
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