Development and validation of an instrument to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices on digital health among nursing officers†
, , oraz
16 wrz 2024
O artykule
Kategoria artykułu: Original article
Data publikacji: 16 wrz 2024
Zakres stron: 275 - 284
Otrzymano: 15 sty 2024
Przyjęty: 28 mar 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fon-2024-0030
Słowa kluczowe
© 2024 Maheshika Madhuwanthi et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Figure 1.
Final version of the questions of the KAP domains_
| Domains | Items |
|---|---|
| Knowledge | |
| a. The term “Digital Health” means the provision of healthcare via digital technologies. | |
| b. Digital health has been used in all areas such as clinical, educational, managerial, administrative, training, and research. | |
| c. Digital health limits the access to healthcare for people in rural or remote areas. | |
| d. Digital health technologies are being used in both curative health and public health. | |
| e. Digital health facilitates managing data services such as data collection, management, use and exchange in health systems. | |
| a. Direct access to all the information of patients through the computer. | |
| b. Easy access to laboratory system through the computer at any time. | |
| c. The maintenance of paper-based medical records. | |
| d. The management of patients through decision support tools. | |
| e. To provide all nursing care through electronic devices. | |
| a. Telemedicine is the use of telecommunication to provide medical education and services at a distance. | |
| b. Telemedicine needs sophisticated technologies. | |
| c. Patient management with prescribing drugs can be done through telemedicine. | |
| d. Follow-up of patients can be done through telemedicine. | |
| e. In telesurgery, a surgeon performs a surgical case without his/her being present in the operating room. | |
| a. It is a combination of nursing science, computer science, information science, and cognitive science. | |
| b. NI is applicable only in areas of clinical, education, and nursing research. | |
| c. NI roles require all nurses to be computer literate. | |
| d. NI is concerned with assisting and processing nursing data and information only. | |
| e. The goal of NI is to support decision-making only in specialized roles. | |
| a. Using basic components of the computer and its peripheral devices? (e.g., mouse, keyboard, multimedia, printer) | |
| b. Using the Internet/search engines to gather information? | |
| c. Developing course materials using MS Word/MS PowerPoint/MS Excel? | |
| d. Sending a report of your teaching session via email? | |
| e. Using digital conference facilities such as Zoom/ Google Meet/Teams to conduct online sessions? | |
| Attitudes | |
| 1. Reduce clinical errors made by nurses when providing patient care. | |
| 2. Enable me to accomplish my tasks more quickly while performing duties in the workplace. | |
| 3. Makes my work easier due to the use of digital devices. | |
| 4. Improves the quality of nursing care provided by me to the patients. | |
| 5. Enables me to provide more comprehensive nursing care. | |
| 6. Compatible with all aspects of nursing activities that I conduct in the workplace during my duty hours. | |
| 7. Fits well with the way I like to work in the workplace. | |
| 8. It is compatible with the current demand in health care. | |
| 9. Nurses should adjust to the digital health environment (NIs). | |
| 10. I am interested in practicing digital health in my daily duties as a nurse. | |
| 11. I am interested in getting education/training on digital health. | |
| 12. I am seeking proper digital health education/ training. | |
| 13. Digital health reduces time spent with the patient. | |
| 14. A nurse should spend more time with the patients, not work with computers. | |
| 15. It negatively affects the nurse–-patient relationship in my workplace. | |
| 16. Digital health technologies require large mental effort by nurses. | |
| 17. It is difficult to adapt to digital health technologies in general. | |
| 18. Digital health creates new responsibilities for nursing staff. | |
| 19. The support from the other categories of healthcare staff to practice digital is not adequate. | |
| 20. I am not competent in using digital health. | |
| 21. I do not have facilities to adapt to/practice digital health. | |
| 22. I do not have adequate education/training to practice digital health. | |
| 23. I have observed how other health professionals utilize digital health technologies. | |
| 24. I notice that digital health technologies are being used for a variety of tasks at the hospital. | |
| 25. In the hospital where I work, digital health is prominent. | |
| Practice | |
| a. Client identification through digital devices | |
| b. Client registration through digital devices | |
| c. Trace laboratory investigations through digital devices | |
| d. Client discharge plan through digital devices | |
| e. Help to maintain clients’ medical records digitally (EMR/EHR/PHR) | |
| f. Use nurses’ decision support tools (checklists, alert systems, reminders) | |
| g. Provide nursing services through digital technologies whenever physical distance exists between client and nurses (telenursing practices) | |
| h. Communication through digital technologies | |
| (transmit routine news, workflow notifications, communication among staff) | |
| i. Referral coordination via digital technologies | |
| j. Activity planning and scheduling via digital devices (nurses notes) | |
| k. Nursing officer’s training (IT training, eLearning) | |
| l. Track client’s medication consumption and monitoring | |
| a. Client identification through digital devices | |
| b. Client registration through digital devices | |
| c. Trace laboratory investigations through digital devices | |
| d. Client discharge plan through digital devices | |
| e. Help to maintain clients’ medical records digitally (EMR/EHR/PHR) | |
| f. Use nurses’ decision support tools (checklist, alert systems, reminders) | |
| g. Provide nursing services through digital technologies whenever physical distance exists between client and nurses (Telenursing practices) | |
| h. Communication via digital devices (transmit routine news, workflow notifications) | |
| i. Referral coordination via digital technologies | |
| j. Activity planning and scheduling via digital devices (nurses notes) | |
| k. Nursing officer’s training (IT training, eLearning) | |
| l. Track client’s medication consumption and monitoring | |
| a. Desktop computer | |
| b. Laptop/notebook computer | |
| c. Tablet computer (e.g., iPad, Galaxy) | |
| d. Smartphone | |
| e. Landline phone | |
| f. Fax machine | |
| a. Desktop computer | |
| b. Laptop/notebook computer | |
| c. Tablet computer (e.g., iPad, Galaxy) | |
| d. Smartphone | |
| e. Landline phone | |
| f. Fax machine | |
| a. Desktop computer | |
| b. Laptop/notebook computer | |
| c. Tablet computer (e.g., iPad, Galaxy) | |
| d. Smartphone | |
| e. Mobile phone (normal) | |
| f. Landline phone | |
| g. Fax machine | |
| h. Wearable devices | |
| a. Desktop computer | |
| b. Laptop/notebook computer | |
| c. Tablet computer (e.g., iPad, Galaxy) | |
| d. Smartphone | |
| e. Mobile phone | |
| f. Landline phone | |
| g. Fax machine | |
| h. Wearable devices | |
| b. Find health information | |
| c. Access to health care | |
| d. For health education | |
| e. Communication | |
| f. Digital health games | |
Steps involved in the study_
| Step | Nature of activity | Methods | Number of domains | Number of items | Addition or subtraction |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Development of construct | Literature review Synthesize literature review | - | 60 | - |
| 2 | Item generation | Develop items | 04 | 55 | Subtraction of 05 overlapping items |
| 3 | Establishment of face validity and content validity | Expert review process | 04 | 51 | Subtraction of 05 items Addition of 01 item |
| 4 | Assessment of reliability | Test–Retest reliability | 03 | 51 | - |
| 5 | Assessment of stability | Internal consistency | 03 | 51 | - |
Scoring method_
| Items | Scoring |
|---|---|
| Relevancy | 1 = Not relevant |
| 2 = Item needs some revision | |
| 3 = Relevant but need minor revision | |
| 4 = Very relevant | |
| Clarity | 1 = Not clear |
| 2 = Item needs some revision | |
| 3 = Clear but need minor revision | |
| 4 = Very clear | |
| Simplicity | 1 = Not simple |
| 2 = Item needs some revision | |
| 3 = Simple but need minor revision | |
| 4 = very simple | |
| Ambiguity | 1 = Doubtful |
| 2 = Item needs some revision | |
| 3 = No doubt but need minor revision | |
| 4 = Meaning is clear |