Age (years) (M = 28.78, SD = 4.70, range = 20–41) |
20–24 |
36 |
17.14 |
25–29 |
84 |
40.00 |
30–35 |
76 |
36.19 |
>35 |
14 |
6.67 |
Education level |
Uneducated |
2 |
0.95 |
Primary school |
6 |
2.86 |
Junior high school |
54 |
25.71 |
Senior high school |
103 |
49.05 |
Diploma or high vocational school |
27 |
12.86 |
Bachelor’s degree |
18 |
8.57 |
Marital status |
Married |
207 |
98.57 |
Divorced |
3 |
1.43 |
Monthly income (Baht) |
10,000–20,000 |
28 |
13.33 |
20,000–30,000 |
104 |
49.53 |
>30,000 |
78 |
37.14 |
Working hours per week (h) (M = 45.35, SD = 6.48, range = 34–80) |
<40 |
2 |
0.95 |
40–48 |
194 |
92.38 |
>48 |
14 |
6.67 |
Foods consumed before pregnancy |
Whole grain rice and flour |
58 |
27.62 |
Low-fat or skim milk |
116 |
55.24 |
Health education regrading healthy diet during pregnancy |
Received |
198 |
92.38 |
Did not received |
16 |
7.62 |
Pregnancy planning |
Planned |
141 |
67.14 |
Unplanned |
69 |
32.86 |
Gravida |
Primigravida |
73 |
34.76 |
Multigravida |
137 |
65.24 |
Gestational age in weeks (week) (M = 31.38, SD = 3.24, range = 28–39) |
28–32 |
131 |
62.38 |
33–36 |
64 |
30.48 |
>36 |
15 |
7.14 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) |
<18.5 |
24 |
11.43 |
18.5–22.9 |
118 |
56.19 |
23–24.9 |
26 |
12.38 |
>25 |
42 |
20.00 |
Gestational weight gain |
Less than recommended level |
15 |
7.14 |
Normal |
95 |
45.24 |
Higher than recommended level |
100 |
47.62 |