1. |
Sarker et al. (2022)32 |
Bangladesh |
Cross-sectional study |
Female students (400) |
35.3% (18–20)31.0% (21–23)33.8% (24–26) |
BE knowledge, BSE practice and barrier |
86.0% unmarried, 18.3% had family history of BC |
2. |
Assfa Mossa (2022)34 |
Cameroon |
Cross-sectional study |
Young adult women (392) |
21.25 (1.32) |
BSE knowledge, practice and perception |
92.23% single, 62.73% live in rural area, 54.42% of them attended primary to secondary school. |
3. |
Prakash et al. (2022)44 |
Nepal |
Cross-sectional study |
Female adolescents (120) |
16.7 (0.92) |
BC and BSE knowledge |
66.7% science faculty, 33.3% commerce faculty |
4. |
Hussain et al. (2022)26 |
Pakistan |
Cross-sectional study |
Female university students (774) |
23.06 (4.35) |
BC awareness |
87.4% were single, 74.9% at the undergraduate level, 76.7% had rural residency |
5. |
Calbayram and Guven (2021)39 |
Turkey |
Quasi-experimental design |
Adolescent girls (133) |
15.77 (0.61) |
BC and BSE awareness ánd pratice, champion’s health belief model |
10.5% had high income, 82% middle income, 7.5% had low income; 58.6% age (10–12)of menarche, 41.4% in age 13 and older menarche |
6. |
Igiraneza et al. (2021)47 |
Rwanda |
Cross-sectional study |
Women (246) |
28.5% (16–19)30.9% (20–29)32.9% (30–39)7.7% (40–49) |
Knowledge about BSE, CBE, breast ultrasound scan |
61.8% only primary education, 14.2% did not have basic education, 24% attended secondary or university education. |
7. |
Labrague et al. (2021)46 |
Philippine |
Randomized controlled trial |
Reproductive women (128) |
CG: 29.51 (7.90)EG: 30.56 (8.99) |
BSE knowledge |
29.69% of the control group were high school graduates. 32.81% of the experimental group were college undergraduates. |
8. |
Rachna (2021)13 |
India |
Cross-sectional study |
Female nursing students (60) |
65% (18–22)28% (23–30)7% (31–40) |
BSE knowledge |
83% of nursing students had 10 + 2 qualification (education degree) and 17% of them had graduated. |
9. |
Osei-Afriyie et al. (2021)36 |
Ghana |
Cross-sectional study |
Female undergraduate students (385) |
22 (2.78) |
BC awareness and risk perception |
83.1% were single; 74.0% were Christians and 18.9% were Muslims |
10. |
Altunkurek and Mohamed (2022)48 |
Somalia |
Cross-sectional study |
Women (413) |
22 (11.21) |
champion health belief model, BC knowledge, and BSE practice |
72.2% had a university education level, and 58.1% had a medium economic status, 61.5% were single |
11. |
Alam et al. (2021)25 |
Pakistan |
Cross-sectional study |
Women (1007) |
33.47 (12.37) |
BC awareness, knowledge, and attitude |
79.3% married, 19.3% undergraduate, 42.9% had socio economic status |
12. |
Akter and Ullah (2021)31 |
Bangladesh |
Cross-sectional study |
Female university students (567) |
21.61 (1.56) |
BC awareness |
97.32% were single |
13. |
Baburajan et al. (2021)21 |
India |
Cross-sectional study |
Adult women (416) |
31.60 (13.7) |
BC and BSE awareness |
92.3% Hindu, 85.1% housewives, 92.5% were unmarried |
14. |
Dinegde et al. (2020)29 |
Ethiopia |
Cross-sectional study |
Female students (358) |
20.84 (2) |
BSE knowledge and practice |
85.2% single, 67% Christian, 77.7% grew up in urban setting |
15. |
Ifediora and Azuike (2018)18 |
Nigeria |
Cross-sectional study |
Reproductive-age women (810) |
33.42 (7.81) |
Likelihood of performing BSE |
55.9% Can’t read and write, 44.1% had educational background |
16. |
Dadzi and Adam (2019)35 |
Ghana |
Cross-sectional study |
Women (385) |
24.54 (7.19) |
Awareness and practice of BSE |
59% single, 39.5% married, 1.5% divorced |
17. |
Solikhah et al. (2019)38 |
Indonesia |
Cross-sectional study |
Indonesian women (856) |
30 (11) |
BC knowledge and attitude |
49.8% single, 46.6% married, 3.6% divorced |
18. |
Sari et al. (2019)37 |
Indonesia |
Cross-sectional study |
Female students (118) |
16.13 (15-17) |
BC knowledge and perception |
11.9% had family history of cancer, 28% elementary graduated |
19. |
Koc et al. (2018)40 |
Turkey |
Cross-sectional study |
Female university students (161) |
20.53 (2.3) |
BSE knowledge and practice |
2.5% had low income, 50.3% middle income, 47.2% high income |
20. |
Elshami et al. (2018)45 |
Palestine |
Cross-sectional study |
Women (3055) |
26.4 (12.8) |
BC awareness and practice |
57.2% adults, 42.8% adolescents |
21. |
Kardan-Souraki et al. (2018)23 |
Iran |
Cross-sectional study |
Women (1165) |
37.15 (8.84) |
BC screening |
44.5% had not earned their high school diploma. |
22. |
Olufemi et al. (2017)12 |
Nigeria |
Cross-sectional study |
Undergraduate female students (266) |
21.7 (5.9) |
BC knowledge and awareness |
87.6% are single, 12.4% are married, 79.7% are Christians and Islam 20.3%. |
23. |
Birhane et al. (2017)30 |
Ethiopia |
Cross-sectional study |
420 Female students |
21.1 (1.65) |
BSE knowledge |
60% single, 84.5% had no family history of BC |
24. |
Sama et al. (2017)33 |
Cameroon |
Cross-sectional study |
Female undergraduate students (345) |
22.5 (3.2) |
BC awareness, knowledge, and attitude |
90.7% Christians, 64.6% first year of undergraduate, 18% were married |
25. |
Akhtari-Zavare et al. (2016)42 |
Malaysia |
Randomized controlled trial |
Female undergraduate students (370) |
21.79 (1.24) |
Knowledge, champion’s health belief model, BSE practice |
96.5% single, 3.5% married |
26. |
Nwaneri et al. (2016)19 |
Nigeria |
Cross-sectional study |
Women (349) |
30.1% (20–30)19.2% (31–40)>50.7% (>40) |
BC awareness and knowledge |
52.4% married, 25.2% single; 37.0% had tertiary education, 4.3% had no formal education |
27. |
Memon et al. (2015)27 |
Pakistan |
Cross-sectional study |
Young women (300) |
21.5 |
BSE knowledge and practice |
29.7% married, 70.3% single |
28. |
Tazhibi and Feizi (2014)24 |
Iran |
Cross-sectional study |
Young women (2250) |
36.8 (9.1) |
BE knowledge and awareness |
51.9% had university educational attainment and 81.9% were married |
29. |
Ameer et al. (2014)28 |
Ethiopia |
Cross-sectional study |
Medical female students (126) |
38.1% (18–19)36.5% (20–21)25.4% (>22) |
BSE knowledge, practice and perception |
94.44% single, 56.34% Christian, 43.7% Muslim |
30. |
Suleiman (2014)41 |
Jordania |
Cross-sectional study |
Female students (840) |
43.3% (18–22)25.1% (23–27)20.2% (28–32)11.4% (33–37) |
BC and BSE knowledge and awareness |
82.3% were single, 13.2% were married, 4.5% were divorced |
31. |
Kratzke et al. (2013)43 |
Mexico |
Cross-sectional study |
Young women (544) |
23.3 (7.75) |
BC prevention mother’s advice, BSE practice, BE knowledge and attitude |
51% were non-Hispanic and 49% were Hispanic college women |
32. |
Godshi et al. (2013)22 |
Iran |
Cross-sectional study |
Women (755) |
29.9 (1.25) |
BC knowledge |
42.8% were not employed, 45.9% had a satisfied income |
33. |
Doshi et al. (2012)20 |
India |
Cross-sectional study |
Female dental students (203) |
19.6 (1.38) |
BC knowledge, attitudes, and practice |
No information |