Behavior items | Never do like this ( |
Not normally do like this ( |
Occasionally do like this ( |
Often do like this ( |
Always do like this ( |
Number | Minimum | Maximum | Mean ± SD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dimension 1: alarm settings | 5 | 5 | 25 | 19.24 ± 3.88 | |||||
1. When using alarming devices, adjusting alarm-related settings. | 18 (0.8) | 87 (3.7) | 490 (20.7) | 952 (40.2) | 821 (34.7) | 1 | 1 | 5 | 4.04 ± 0.88 |
2. Setting personalized alarm thresholds according to patient condition. | 40 (1.7) | 198 (8.4) | 583 (24.6) | 887 (37.5) | 660 (27.9) | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3.81 ± 0.99 |
3. With the changes of patient conditions, adjusting alarm settings. | 78 (3.3) | 288 (12.2) | 444 (18.8) | 826 (34.9) | 732 (30.9) | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3.78 ± 1.11 |
4. While rotating shifts, checking alarm settings. | 39 (1.6) | 204 (8.6) | 490 (20.7) | 793 (32.5) | 842 (35.6) | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3.93 ± 1.03 |
5. Adjusting alarm volume according to the environment and time of ward. | 73 (3.1) | 291 (12.3) | 587 (24.8) | 792 (33.4) | 625 (26.4) | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3.68 ± 1.09 |
Dimension 2: alarm notifications | 2 | 2 | 10 | 6.25 ± 1.84 | |||||
1. You will be alerted to alarm by patient or escort. | 361 (15.2) | 545 (23.0) | 723 (30.5) | 537 (22.7) | 202 (8.5) | 1 | 1 | 5 | 2.86 ± 1.18 |
2. Missing alarm because you can’t hear it. | 133 (5.6) | 195 (8.2) | 962 (40.6) | 769 (32.5) | 309 (13.0) | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3.39 ± 1.00 |
Dimension 3: alarm recognitions | 2 | 2 | 10 | 7.63 ± 1.68 | |||||
1. You can accurately identify the alarm-triggering device according to alarm signal. | 35 (1.5) | 121 (5.1) | 460 (19.4) | 1148 (48.5) | 604 (25.5) | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3.91 ± 0.88 |
2. According to different alarm signals, identifying different levels of alarm | 68 (2.9) | 218 (9.2) | 555 (23.4) | 1001 (42.3) | 526 (22.2) | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3.72 ± 1.00 |
Dimension 4: alarm responses | 7 | 15 | 35 | 27.99 ± 3.64 | |||||
1. Responding to all alarms generated in the responsible area. | 21 (0.9) | 91 (3.8) | 307 (13.0) | 1024 (43.2) | 925 (39.1) | 1 | 1 | 5 | 4.16 ± 0.85 |
2. Upon receiving an alarm signal, responding immediately. | 9 (0.4) | 30 (1.3) | 153 (6.5) | 1011 (42.7) | 1165 (49.2) | 1 | 1 | 5 | 4.39 ± 0.70 |
3. When multiple alarms occur simultaneously, you order the responses according to the priority level of alarms. | 15 (0.6) | 69 (2.9) | 226 (9.5) | 934 (39.4) | 1124 (47.5) | 1 | 1 | 5 | 4.30 ± 0.81 |
4. Correctly handling various events leading to alarms. | 15 (0.6) | 37 (1.6) | 286 (12.1) | 1264 (47.5) | 766 (32.3) | 1 | 1 | 5 | 4.15 ± 0.74 |
5. You will not respond to alarms that you believe are false or interfere with. | 186 (7.9) | 355 (15.0) | 640 (27.0) | 867 (36.6) | 320 (13.5) | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3.33 ± 1.12 |
6. For frequent false or interfering alarms, turning off/muting alarm. | 166 (7.0) | 308 (13.0) | 673 (28.4) | 784 (33.1) | 437 (18.5) | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3.43 ± 1.14 |
7. For alarms that you cannot handle, actively seeking the assistance of other colleagues. | 11 (0.5) | 41 (1.7) | 317 (13.4) | 1018 (43.0) | 981 (41.4) | 1 | 1 | 5 | 4.23 ± 0.78 |
Dimension 5: alarm learning | 1 | 1 | 5 | 4.02 ± 0.85 | |||||
Actively seeking ways of acquiring alarm-related knowledge. | 11 (0.5) | 78 (3.3) | 533 (22.5) | 971 (41.0) | 775 (32.7) | 1 | 1 | 5 | 4.02 ± 0.85 |
Total behavior score | 17 | 33 | 85 | 65.14 ± 7.95 |
Items | Non-standardization coefficient | 95%confidence interval of B | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower bound | Upperbound | ||||||
1. Age | 0.000 | 0.083 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.997 | −0.163 | 0.164 |
2. Hospital level (control = tertiary hospital) | −0.165 | 0.320 | −0.010 | −0.517 | 0.605 | −0.793 | 0.462 |
2.1 Affiliated Hospital of University (control = yes) | 0.005 | 0.350 | 0.000 | 0.016 | 0.988 | −0.681 | 0.692 |
3. Surgery Department (control = ICU) | −2.960 | 0.457 | −0.178 | −6.477 | 0.000 | −3.856 | −2.064 |
4. Internal Medicine Department (control = ICU) | −2.637 | 0.455 | −0.151 | −5.794 | 0.000 | −3.529 | −1.744 |
5. Pediatrics Department (control = ICU) | −2.298 | 0.615 | −0.080 | −3.739 | 0.000 | −3.504 | −1.093 |
6. Emergency Department (control = ICU) | −2.237 | 0.678 | −0.065 | −3.299 | 0.001 | −3.567 | −0.908 |
7. Anesthesia operating Department (control = ICU) | −1.667 | 0.746 | −0.043 | −2.235 | 0.026 | −3.130 | −0.204 |
8. Other department (control = ICU) | −1.047 | 0.749 | −0.027 | −1.398 | 0.162 | −2.515 | 0.421 |
9. Professional title (from low to high) | −0.627 | 0.296 | −0.061 | −2.120 | 0.034 | −1.208 | −0.047 |
10. Education level (from low to high) | 0.005 | 0.350 | 0.000 | 0.016 | 0.988 | −0.681 | 0.692 |
11. Working seniority | 0.130 | 0.072 | 0.111 | 1.812 | 0.070 | −0.011 | 0.271 |
12. Have received alarm-related training or not (control = have) | −1.546 | 0.353 | −0.079 | −4.384 | 0.000 | −2.238 | −0.855 |
13. Willing to attend alarm-related training or not (from willing to unwilling) | 0.292 | 0.309 | 0.016 | 0.944 | 0.345 | −0.314 | 0.897 |
14. In 3 years, have the alarm management improvement project or not (control = yes) | −1.503 | 0.351 | −0.083 | −4.280 | 0.000 | −2.192 | −0.815 |
15. Have used auxiliary technology to improve alarm management? (control = yes) | 0.417 | 0.291 | 0.026 | 1.431 | 0.152 | −0.154 | 0.989 |
16. Department or hospital have alarm management system or not.(control = have) | −1.617 | 0.372 | −0.087 | −4.352 | 0.000 | −2.346 | −0.889 |
17. Total alarm knowledge Score | 0.282 | 0.055 | 0.091 | 5.128 | 0.000 | 0.174 | 0.390 |
18. Total Alarm attitude Score | 0.478 | 0.027 | 0.313 | 17.551 | 0.000 | 0.425 | 0.532 |
Factors | Variable name | Assignment statement |
---|---|---|
Age (age) | X1 | |
X1.1 | 20–25: Yes = 1, no = 0 (reference) | |
X1.2 | 26–30: Yes = 1, no = 0 | |
X1.3 | 31–35: Yes = 1, no = 0 | |
X1.4 | 36–40: Yes = 1, no = 0 | |
X1.5 | 36–40: Yes = 1, no = 0 | |
X1.6 | 41–45: Yes = 1, no = 0 | |
X1.7 | Over 46: Yes = 1, no = 0 | |
Hospital level | X2 | Level 3 hospitals = 1 |
Department | X3 | Level 2 hospitals = 2 |
X3.1 | ICU: Yes = 1, no = 0 (control) | |
X3.2 | Surgery: Yes = 1, no = 0 | |
X3.3 | Internal medicine: yes = 1, no = 0 | |
X3.4 | Pediatrics: yes = 1, no = 0 | |
X3.5 | Emergency anesthesia surgery department: yes = 1, no = 0 | |
X3.6 | Others: is = 1, no = 0 | |
Title | X4 | |
X4.1 | Nurse: Yes = 1, no = 0 (control) | |
X4.2 | Nurse: Yes = 1, no = 0 | |
X4.3 | Nurse in charge: yes = 1, no = 0 | |
X4.4 | Deputy director nurse and above: yes = 1, no = 0 | |
Education | X5 | |
X5.1 | Secondary or tertiary school: yes = 1, no = 0 (control) | |
X5.2 | Undergraduate=: yes = 1, no = 0 | |
X5.3 | Master's degree or above: yes = 1, no = 0 | |
Have you received alarm-related education and training? | X6 | Yes = 1, no = 0 (control) |
Are you willing to take part in alarm-related training? | X7 | Willingness = 1, unwillingness = 0 (control) |
Has the department implemented the alarm management improvement project in the past 3 years? | X8 | Yes = 1, No = 0 (control) |
Does the department or hospital in which it is located formulate relevant systems or norms for alarm management? | X9 | |
Have received alarm-related training or not. | X10 | |
Willing to attend alarm-related training or not (from willing to unwilling) | X11 | Yes = 1, no = 0 (control) |
Have experienced alarm-related adverse events over the last 2 years or not | X12 | |
Have used auxiliary technology to improve alarm management? | X13 | |
Department or hospital have an alarm management system or not. | X14 | |
Alarm knowledge score | X15 | |
Alarm attitude score | X16 | |
Alarm behavior score | Y |
Items | Frequency ( |
Constituent ratio (%) |
---|---|---|
Yes | 1751 | 73.9 |
No | 617 | 26.1 |
Yes | 1095 | 46.2 |
No | 1273 | 53.8 |
Yes | 1877 | 79.3 |
No | 491 | 20.7 |
Willing | 2226 | 94.0 |
Not sure | 24 | 1.0 |
Not willing | 118 | 5.0 |
Yes | 165 | 7.0 |
No | 2203 | 93.0 |
Items | Constituent ratio (%) | Alarm settings | Alarm notifications | Alarm recognitions | Alarm responses | Alarm learning | Total behavior score | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Score | Comparison | ||||||||
Male | 62 | 2.6 | 20.06 ±4.26 | 5.94 ±2.25 | 7.98 ±1.80 | 27.05 ±4.09 |
4.00 ±0.83 | 65.03 ±8.40 | |
Female | 2306 | 97.4 | 19.22 ±3.87 | 6.26 ±1.83 | 7.62 ±1.67 | 28.02 ±3.62 | 4.02 ±0.85 | 65.15 ±7.94 | |
20–25 | 623 | 26.3 | 19.29 ±4.08 | 6.10 ±1.90 |
7.50 ±1.75 | 27.83 ±3.76 |
3.99 ±0.89 |
64.70 ±8.35 | |
26–30 | 1043 | 44.1 | 19.01 ±3.94 | 6.26 ±1.84 | 7.66 ±1.66 | 27.76 ±3.62 | 3.97 ±0.87 | 64.66 ±8.05 | |
31–35 | 360 | 15.2 | 19.41 ±3.58 | 6.47 ±1.76 | 7.70 ±1.63 | 28.11 ±3.57 | 4.06 ±0.81 | 65.75 ±7.32 | |
36–40 | 188 | 7.9 | 19.53 ±3.64 | 6.36 ±1.89 | 7.73 ±1.61 | 28.97 ±3.41 | 4.20 ±0.75 | 66.79 ±7.59 | |
41–45 | 112 | 4.7 | 19.68 ±3.52 | 6.10 ±1.70 | 7.65 ±1.79 | 29.00 ±3.38 | 4.21 ±0.71 | 66.63 ±7.17 | |
46–55 | 42 | 1.8 | 20.38 ±3.46 | 6.45 ±1.69 | 7.88 ±1.44 | 28.26 ±3.60 | 4.26 ±0.83 | 67.24 ±5.99 | |
≤5 | 1044 | 44.1 | 19.23 ±4.05 |
6.09 ±1.84 |
7.57 ±1.67 | 27.80 ±3.63 |
4.01 ±0.87 |
64.70 ±8.05 | |
6–10 | 755 | 31.9 | 19.00 ±3.83 | 6.37 ±1.86 | 7.65 ±1.71 | 27.83 ±3.72 | 3.95 ±0.89 | 64.81 ±8.23 | |
≤11 | 569 | 24.0 | 19.59 ±3.60 | 6.40 ±1.79 | 7.71 ±1.66 | 28.57 ±3.49 | 4.14 ±0.77 | 66.41 ±7.22 | |
Class III | 1582 | 66.8 | 19.52 ±3.78 |
6.25 ±1.88 | 7.70 ±1.66 |
27.95 ±3.63 | 4.03 ±0.85 | 65.45 ±7.93 | |
Class II | 786 | 33.2 | 18.69 ±4.02 | 6.26 ±1.77 | 7.49 ±1.70 | 28.08 ±3.66 | 4.01 ±0.87 | 64.52 ±7.96 | |
Yes | 1777 | 75.0 | 19.39 ±3.88 |
6.26 ± 1.87 | 7.71 ±1.66 |
27.97 ± 3.69 | 4.03 ±0.85 | 65.36 ±8.06 | |
No | 591 | 25.0 | 18.80 ± 3.84 | 6.23 ±1.76 | 7.40 ±1.71 | 28.07 ±3.48 | 3.99 ±0.86 | 64.50 ±7.57 | |
Nurse | 595 | 25.1 | 19.23 ± 4.13 | 6.16 ± 1.91 | 7.46 ± 1.79 |
27.99 ± 3.77 |
4.00 ± 0.89 |
64.85 ± 8.40 | |
Nurse practitioner | 1186 | 50.1 | 19.12 ± 3.90 | 6.31 ± 1.84 | 7.66 ± 1.65 | 27.75 ± 3.64 | 3.98 ± 0.87 | 64.82 ± 8.06 | |
Nurse-in-charge | 507 | 21.4 | 19.55 ± 3.58 | 6.26 ± 1.79 | 7.77 ± 1.62 | 28.57 ± 3.49 | 4.13 ± 0.78 | 66.28 ± 7.17 | |
Associate director nurse and above | 80 | 3.4 | 19.15 ± 3.50 | 6.09 ± 1.59 | 7.56 ± 1.57 | 27.96 ± 3.20 | 4.19 ± 0.71 | 64.95 ± 6.80 | |
Secondary/tertiary schools | 615 | 26.0 | 19.18 ±3.99 | 6.30 ±1.85 | 7.53 ±1.69 | 27.98 ±3.61 | 4.03 ±0.87 | 65.01 ±8.05 | |
Undergraduate | 1678 | 70.9 | 19.26 ±3.85 | 6.25 ±1.85 | 7.67 ±1.67 | 28.00 ±3.65 | 4.01 ±0.85 | 65.20 ±7.92 | |
Master's and above | 75 | 3.2 | 19.29 ±3.70 | 5.99 ±1.59 | 7.60 ±1.68 | 28.00 ±3.60 | 4.17 ±0.80 | 65.05 ±7.89 | |
Married | 1456 | 61.5 | 19.26 ±3.79 | 6.28 ±1.83 | 7.66 ±1.68 | 28.05 ±3.63 | 4.04 ±0.84 | 65.29 ±7.84 | |
Unmarried | 889 | 37.5 | 19.23 ±4.04 | 6.19 ±1.88 | 7.60 ±1.67 | 27.90 ±3.65 | 3.99 ±0.88 | 64.92 ±8.15 | |
Divorced | 23 | 1.0 | 18.43 ±3.54 | 6.74 ±1.48 | 7.09 ±1.54 | 28.00 ±3.78 | 4.04 ±0.83 | 64.30 ±7.22 | |
Have child | 1253 | 52.9 | 19.29 ±3.75 | 6.30 ±1.83 | 7.67 ±1.68 | 28.09 ±3.60 | 4.06 ±0.82 |
65.42 ±7.74 | |
Not have child | 1115 | 47.1 | 19.19 ±4.02 | 6.20 ±1.85 | 7.59 ±1.68 | 27.88 ±3.68 | 3.98 ±0.88 | 64.84 ±8.16 | |
Nurse | 2165 | 91.4 | 19.23 ±3.92 | 6.27 ±1.86 | 7.65 ±1.68 | 27.96 ±3.66 | 4.01 ±0.86 |
65.13 ±8.02 | |
Head nurse and above | 203 | 8.6 | 19.26 ±3.43 | 6.10 ±1.63 | 7.49 ±1.71 | 28.32 ±3.37 | 4.14 ±0.75 | 65.31 ±7.10 | |
Formal | 1241 | 52.4 | 19.38 ±3.77 | 6.26 ±1.82 | 7.70 ±1.64 | 28.03 ±3.64 | 4.04 ±0.83 | 65.41 ±7.65 | |
Contracting system | 1049 | 44.3 | 19.07 ±4.02 | 6.25 ±1.87 | 7.55 ±1.73 | 27.93 ±3.66 | 4.00 ±0.88 | 64.79 ±8.33 | |
Temporary employment | 78 | 3.3 | 19.46 ±3.58 | 6.12 ±1.89 | 7.68 ±1.57 | 28.31 ±3.34 | 4.09 ±0.72 | 65.65 ±7.20 | |
ICU | 294 | 12.4 | 20.41 ±3.47 |
6.62 ±2.11 |
8.34 ±1.33 |
28.43 ±3.35 |
4.11 ±0.78 |
67.90 ±7.40 | |
Surgery | 835 | 35.3 | 19.08 ±3.97 | 6.17 ±1.82 | 7.44 ±1.80 | 27.70 ±3.91 | 3.99 ±0.90 | 64.38 ±8.43 | |
Internal medicine | 700 | 29.5 | 19.10 ±3.87 | 6.08 ±1.74 | 7.55 ±1.67 | 27.94 ±3.49 | 4.04 ±0.83 | 64.72 ±7.72 | |
Pediatrics | 196 | 8.3 | 18.69 ±3.92 | 6.35 ± 1.87 | 7.49 ± 1.56 | 28.08 ± 3.83 | 3.91 ± 0.82 | 64.52 ± 7.85 | |
Emergency medicine | 132 | 5.6 | 19.28 ± 3.71 | 6.13 ± 1.63 | 7.57 ± 1.47 | 27.67 ± 3.12 | 4.11 ± 0.77 | 64.76 ± 6.77 | |
Anesthesia | 104 | 4.4 | 19.28 ± 4.20 | 7.02 ± 1.81 | 7.81 ± 1.46 | 28.84 ± 3.27 | 3.98 ± 0.89 | 66.92 ± 7.41 | |
Others | 107 | 4.5 | 19.13 ± 3.68 | 6.33 ± 1.83 | 7.81 ± 1.74 | 28.87 ± 3.48 | 4.07 ± 0.86 | 66.21 ± 7.11 |