<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><sec><h3>Objective</h3><p>Pain is a prevalent and distressing symptom in patients with cancer which has a significant impact on patients’ physical health, psychological well-being, and quality of life (QOL). Deficiency of pain care, inadequate pain communication, and reluctance toward pain medication contribute to the difficulties in improving the situation of patients with cancer pain. Fortunately, the integration of self-management and professional healthcare provides new opportunities for patients with cancer pain.</p></sec><sec><h3>Methods</h3><p>A two-arm randomized controlled trial will be conducted to assess the effectiveness of self-management application compared with routine care among patients with cancer pain. Based on Orem's self-care theory and Naylor's transitional care theory, cancer pain self-management application “Pain-housekeeper” was developed with dual client: patient client and medical client. A total of 120 patients with cancer pain are recruited from two university-affiliated tertiary public hospitals in China. They are randomly assigned to the control group and the intervention group. The patients in the control group get routine care while the patients in the intervention group get routine care and Pain-housekeeper App. The intervention is delivered by registered doctors, nurses, and postgraduate nursing students specialized in pain care. Effect measurements for both groups are carried out with questionnaires at baseline (T0), after 4 weeks (T1) and after 12 weeks (T2). The primary outcomes include pain condition, self-efficacy, and QOL. The secondary outcomes include pain medication adherence, satisfaction, anxiety, and depression. Compliance of data submission, economic evaluation, usage, and clinical data are also considered in the test. Data for the evaluation are gathered continuously during the study period.</p></sec><sec><h3>Discussion</h3><p>This article provides insight into the effectiveness of a theory-based self-management mobile application intervention delivered to patients with uncontrolled cancer pain. The results are used to help patients to improve cancer pain control, self-efficacy, and QOL.</p></sec><sec><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The findings of this article provide evidence to support the implementation of an innovative and easily accessible intervention that enhances health outcomes.</p></sec><sec><h3>Trial registration</h3><p>ChiCTR: ChiCTR1800020295, Registered 22 December, 2018.</p></sec></abstract>

ObjectivePain is a prevalent and distressing symptom in patients with cancer which has a significant impact on patients’ physical health, psychological well-being, and quality of life (QOL). Deficiency of pain care, inadequate pain communication, and reluctance toward pain medication contribute to the difficulties in improving the situation of patients with cancer pain. Fortunately, the integration of self-management and professional healthcare provides new opportunities for patients with cancer pain.MethodsA two-arm randomized controlled trial will be conducted to assess the effectiveness of self-management application compared with routine care among patients with cancer pain. Based on Orem's self-care theory and Naylor's transitional care theory, cancer pain self-management application “Pain-housekeeper” was developed with dual client: patient client and medical client. A total of 120 patients with cancer pain are recruited from two university-affiliated tertiary public hospitals in China. They are randomly assigned to the control group and the intervention group. The patients in the control group get routine care while the patients in the intervention group get routine care and Pain-housekeeper App. The intervention is delivered by registered doctors, nurses, and postgraduate nursing students specialized in pain care. Effect measurements for both groups are carried out with questionnaires at baseline (T0), after 4 weeks (T1) and after 12 weeks (T2). The primary outcomes include pain condition, self-efficacy, and QOL. The secondary outcomes include pain medication adherence, satisfaction, anxiety, and depression. Compliance of data submission, economic evaluation, usage, and clinical data are also considered in the test. Data for the evaluation are gathered continuously during the study period.DiscussionThis article provides insight into the effectiveness of a theory-based self-management mobile application intervention delivered to patients with uncontrolled cancer pain. The results are used to help patients to improve cancer pain control, self-efficacy, and QOL.ConclusionsThe findings of this article provide evidence to support the implementation of an innovative and easily accessible intervention that enhances health outcomes.Trial registrationChiCTR: ChiCTR1800020295, Registered 22 December, 2018.

A self-management application “pain-housekeeper” to control cancer pain: a randomized controlled trial study protocol<xref ref-type="fn" rid="j_fon-2020-0036_fn_001_w2aab3b7c27b1b6b1aab1b5aAa"><sup>†</sup></xref>

Affiliated Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University

Frontiers of Nursing

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

A self-management application “pain-housekeeper” to control cancer pain: a randomized controlled trial study protocol

ObjectivePain is a prevalent and distressing symptom in patients with cancer which has a significant impact on patients’ physical health, psychological...

Data collection	Baseline	4 weeks	12 weeks
BPI	X	X	X
CPSS	X	X	X
EORTC QLQ-C30 (version 3.0)	X	X	X
MMAS-8	X	X	X
HADS	X	X	X
Satisfaction with care			X
Compliance of data submission			X
Usage data for the Pain-housekeeper			X
Economic evaluation			X
Demographic and clinical data			X

Period	Intervention group	Control group
During hospitalization	On admission, instruct the patients to download the Pain-housekeeper App and complete registration. Then, enter the main page to explain the use of relevant modules, and instruct patients to complete the baseline assessment in the App. Routine treatment and care Participate in health lectures regularly	On admission, instruct patients to complete the baseline assessment on paper. Routine treatment and care Participate in health lectures regularly
One day before discharge	Guide to discharge Give notes on daily life Guide drug use Formulate intervention plan^*	Guide to discharge Give notes on daily life Guide drug use
After discharge	Use Pain-housekeeper App for pain record, disease-related knowledge learning, etc. Implement intervention plan formulated during hospitalization Regular telephone follow-up	Regular telephone follow-up

A self-management application “pain-housekeeper” to control cancer pain: a randomized controlled trial study protocol^†

Article Category: Original article

Data publikacji: 02 paź 2020

Zakres stron: 257 - 267

Otrzymano: 19 gru 2019

Przyjęty: 17 sty 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fon-2020-0036

Słowa kluczowe
cancer pain, self-management, application, pain condition, quality of life, self-efficacy, randomized controlled trial

© 2020 Qian Liu et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Data collection schedule: the table depicts the schedule for data collection.

Intervention plan for two groups of patients.

A self-management application “pain-housekeeper” to control cancer pain: a randomized controlled trial study protocol†

Article Category: Original article

Data publikacji: 02 paź 2020

Zakres stron: 257 - 267

Otrzymano: 19 gru 2019

Przyjęty: 17 sty 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fon-2020-0036

Słowa kluczowecancer pain, self-management, application, pain condition, quality of life, self-efficacy, randomized controlled trial

© 2020 Qian Liu et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Data collection schedule: the table depicts the schedule for data collection.

Intervention plan for two groups of patients.

A self-management application “pain-housekeeper” to control cancer pain: a randomized controlled trial study protocol^†

Słowa kluczowe
cancer pain, self-management, application, pain condition, quality of life, self-efficacy, randomized controlled trial