Network structure of phytophagous insects associated with Theobroma bicolor (macambo) in an agroforestry system of the Peruvian Amazon

Plant-insect interactions play a crucial role in shaping ecosystem structure and dynamics. In the present study, we describe the network structure of phytophagous insects associated with individual Theobroma bicolor in an agroforestry system of the Peruvian Amazon. Network analysis showed higher specialization and modularity than expected by null models, suggesting distinct insect assemblages with unique interactions. At the species level, Chrysomelidae sp. and Antiteuchus tripterus had higher degree and centrality, likely due to their greater mobility and ability to connect different segments of the network. Our findings highlight the high specialization in the phytophagous insect-Theobroma bicolor network. Understanding these interaction patterns can help identify key species and develop management strategies for biodiversity conservation in agroforestry systems.