Biographical characteristics | Number |
---|---|
Age of respondent (years) | |
Below 20 | 0 |
20–30 | 24 |
31–40 | 62 |
41–50 | 32 |
51–60 | 22 |
Above 60 | 0 |
Level of education of respondent | |
Below matric | 0 |
Matric | 39 |
Above matric | 101 |
Gender | |
Male | 79 |
Female | 61 |
Role of respondent in the firm | |
Manager | 71 |
Owner | 69 |
Age of firm | |
Less than 1 year | 8 |
1–5 years | 39 |
6–10 years | 63 |
10–15 years | 36 |
Above 15 years | 2 |
Industry | |
Manufacturing | 36 |
Services | 18 |
Retail and wholesale | 51 |
Accommodation | 35 |
Size (number of employees) | |
0–10 | 31 |
11–50 | 83 |
51–250 | 26 |
Variable | Competitive advantage | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 |
Model 2 |
Model 3 |
Model 4 |
|
Age | 0.148 | 0.049 | 0.051 | 0.042 |
Size | 0.142 | −0.052 | 0.076 | −0.071 |
Industry | 0.146 | 0.102 | 0.107 | 0.102 |
IB | 0.644 |
0.649 |
0.701 | |
ED | 0.074 | 0.079 | ||
IB × ED | 0.013 | |||
R2 | 0.062 | 0.214 | 0.216 | 0.221 |
Adjusted R2 | 0.055 | 0.209 | 0.211 | 0.227 |
R2 change | 0.154 |
0.156 |
0.172 |
|
F | 7.220 | 74.204 | 55.288 | 47.108 |
Variable | Mean | Standard deviation | Size | Age | Ind | IB | ED | CA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Size | 2.15 | 1.01 | 1 | |||||
Age | 2.20 | 0.92 | 0.49 | 1 | ||||
Industry | 1.95 | 0.59 | −0.081 | −0.208 |
1 | |||
IB | 3.58 | 0.89 | 0.31 | 0.24 | 0.31 |
1 | ||
ED | 3.12 | 0.81 | 0.18 | 0.12 |
0.26 |
0.41 |
1 | |
CA | 3.35 | 0.77 | 0.16 | 0.29 | 0.19 | 0.53 |
0.61 |
1 |
Construct | Item | Source | Response category |
---|---|---|---|
Perceived environmental dynamism |
Environmental changes in our market are intense. Product or service in our industry changes quickly. The acts of competitors are difficult to predict. The technology in our industry progresses quickly. It is difficult to predict the change of customer needs. |
Justin, Jansen, den Bosch and Volberda, 2006; |
1 strongly disagree 5 strongly agree |
Innovative behavior |
Search out new working methods techniques. Generate new ideas on how to improve our products and services. Generate original solutions to problems. Provide new solutions to old problems. Make appropriate plan for the implementation of new ideas. Endeavour to eliminate obstacles in the process of idea implementation. |
Omri, 2013 | 1 strongly disagree to 5 strongly agree. |
Competitive advantage | Compared with our competitors, our firm has:
higher profit growth rate higher sales revenue growth rate lower operating costs better product and service quality higher market share |
Wu and Chen, 2012; |
1 strongly disagree to 5 strongly agree. |