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Physico-chemical properties revealed huge diversity in 50 date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) genotypes

Riaz Ahmad
Riaz Ahmad
, 
Muhammad Akbar Anjum
Muhammad Akbar Anjum
, 
Sezai Ercisli
Sezai Ercisli
, 
Waqas Malik
Waqas Malik
, 
Ebru Sakar
Ebru Sakar
, 
Romina Alina Marc
Romina Alina Marc
 oraz 
Rohini Karunakaran
Rohini Karunakaran
   | 26 cze 2023
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Article Category: ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Data publikacji: 26 cze 2023
Zakres stron: 107 - 122
Otrzymano: 19 lip 2023
Przyjęty: 20 lut 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2023-0008
Słowa kluczowe
© 2023 Riaz Ahmad et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1.

Temperature, humidity, rainfall and wind speed of samples collected areas during both years.
Temperature, humidity, rainfall and wind speed of samples collected areas during both years.

Figure 2.

Original fruit images of date palm genotypes for image analysis.
Original fruit images of date palm genotypes for image analysis.

Figure 3.

Segmented fruit images of date palm genotypes for image analysis.
Segmented fruit images of date palm genotypes for image analysis.

Figure 4.

Original stones images of date palm genotypes after image analysis.
Original stones images of date palm genotypes after image analysis.

Figure 5.

Segmented stones images of date palm genotypes after image analysis.
Segmented stones images of date palm genotypes after image analysis.

Figure 6.

Dendrogram showing similarity among 50 date palm genotypes based on physico-chemical characteristics.
Dendrogram showing similarity among 50 date palm genotypes based on physico-chemical characteristics.

Figure 7.

Variable plot (A), scatter plot (B) and biplot (C) analyses of physico-chemical characteristics of 50 date palm genotypes.
Variable plot (A), scatter plot (B) and biplot (C) analyses of physico-chemical characteristics of 50 date palm genotypes.

PCA of the studied traits.

F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8
Eigen value 5.40 3.18 2.27 1.68 1.50 1.49 1.27 1.06
Variability (%) 23.48 13.84 9.86 7.33 6.54 6.49 5.54 4.62
Cumulative% 23.48 37.32 47.18 54.51 61.05 67.53 73.07 77.69

Variation in stone attributes of 50 date palm genotypes.

Genotype name SW (g) SL (cm) SD (cm) ST (cm) SP (cm) SA (cm2) SV (cm3) P:S
Akhrot 1.04 l–r 1.68 p–r 0.84 f–k 0.70 j–n 5.05 o–t 0.81 tu 4.15 q–w 12.42 b–e
Angoor 1.12 i–o 1.06 vw 0.59 p–s 0.69 j–n 3.95 t–v 0.35 x 1.80 xy 7.78 d–i
Aseel 1.10 j–p 2.02 i–n 0.57 p–s 2.13 b–d 5.95 j–p 1.02 m–t 10.23 g–i 7.28 e–i
Baidhar 1.00 m–r 1.57 q–s 0.82 g–l 0.60 k–o 4.35 s–v 0.89 q–u 3.23 s–x 10.89 b–f
Begum Jangi 0.95 n–s 1.66 p–r 0.50 s 0.79 jk 7.48 d–h 1.15 k–p 2.92 u–y 7.82 d–i
Burhami 1.22 f–l 2.01 i–n 0.58 p–s 0.71 j–n 4.61 q–u 0.93 p–u 3.43 r–x 4.53 g–i
Champa Kali 1.32 c–i 1.25 t–v 0.69 l–p 0.76 j–l 3.90 t–v 0.48 wx 2.81 u–y 8.71 c–i
Chohara 1.31 d–j 2.42 b–e 0.84 e–k 2.31 b 5.72 k–q 1.42 g–i 19.62 b 6.93 e–i
Danda 0.70 u 0.91 w 0.80 g–l 2.13 b–d 7.90 c–f 1.22 i–m 6.46 k–p 5.29 f–i
Dedhi 1.70 a 2.59 a–c 0.92 c–g 2.88 a 7.23 d–i 1.68 d–f 29.08 a 6.83 e–i
Deglet Noor 1.30 d–j 2.19 e–k 0.91 c–h 1.38 h 7.71 d–g 1.42 g–i 11.52 f–h 5.14 f–i
Dhakki 1.28 d–k 2.51 a–d 0.74 k–o 1.81 fg 7.08 d–j 1.49 f–h 14.00 c–e 15.49 b
Eedel Shah 0.92 o–u 2.68 ab 0.87 d–j 0.72 j–m 8.13 b–d 1.76 c–e 7.01 k–n 14.26 bc
Fasli 1.44 b–e 1.93 j–p 0.84 e–k 1.67 g 5.30 n–s 1.03 m–s 11.75 e–g 8.77 c–i
Gajar 1.43 b–f 1.77 n–r 0.64 o–r 0.50 no 6.40 h–n 0.51 wx 2.41 v–y 7.68 d–i
Gokhna 1.38 c–g 1.17 vw 0.76 j–o 0.73 j–m 6.84 f–k 1.58 e–g 2.86 u–y 6.17 f–i
Haleeni 1.07 k–q 2.32 c–h 0.95 b–f 0.78 j–l 7.94 c–f 1.83 b–d 7.23 j–m 6.19 e–i
Halmain 0.97 n–s 2.70 a 1.02 bc 0.76 j–m 9.03 a–c 2.01 b 8.73 i–k 9.16 c–h
Hamin Wali 1.33 c–i 1.92 k–p 0.65 m–q 0.43 o 5.33 m–s 0.58 vw 2.34 v–y 7.10 e–i
Hilawi-1 0.89 p–u 2.23 d–i 0.99 b–d 0.72 j–m 9.29 ab 2.39 a 6.81 k–o 8.52 c–i
Hilawi-2 0.92 o–u 1.89 l–p 0.86 e–k 0.63 j–o 9.41 a 0.97 n–u 4.40 p–w 8.31 c–i
Jaman 1.12 i–o 2.34 c–g 0.97 b–e 0.81 i–k 8.05 c–e 1.42 g–i 7.58 j–l 7.14 e–i
Jan Sahr 1.53 a–c 1.93 k–p 0.90 c–i 0.75 j–m 5.17 o–s 0.89 q–u 5.52 l–r 8.31 c–i
Kantar 1.13 i–o 2.14 e–l 0.78 h–m 2.19 bc 7.84 d–f 1.07 l–r 15.54 cd 7.80 d–i
Karbalaen 0.97 n–s 2.02 i–n 0.95 b–f 0.70 j–n 6.95 e–j 1.39 g–j 5.69 l–r 10.50 b–g
Khudrawi-1 1.16 h–n 1.29 s–v 0.55 q–s 0.79 jk 6.48 h–m 0.58 vw 2.62 v–y 8.53 c–i
Khudrawi-2 1.07 k–q 1.68 p–r 0.77 i–n 0.67 j–n 6.46 h–n 0.83 s–u 3.63 r–x 4.11 hi
Kohraba 1.19 g–m 2.06 h–m 0.90 c–h 0.67 j–n 4.74 q–u 0.82 s–u 5.24 m–t 5.84 f–i
Koznabad 1.09 j–p 0.54 x 0.54 q–s 0.70 j–n 3.43 v 0.43 wx 0.93 y 5.88 f–i
Kupra 1.07 k–q 1.91 l–p 0.80 g–l 0.68 j–n 5.39 m–s 0.95 o–u 4.37 p–w 13.80 b–d
Kur 1.37 c–h 1.98 i–o 0.74 k–o 0.69 j–n 5.13 o–s 0.93 p–u 4.30 p–w 7.31 e–i
Makhi 0.76 s–u 1.82 m–q 1.08 ab 0.73 j–m 9.72 a 2.36 a 6.08 l–q 8.24 c–i
Makran 1.62 ab 1.83 m–q 0.64 n–r 0.84 ij 4.81 p–u 0.51 wx 4.21 p–w 9.92 b–h
Neelum 1.41 b–g 0.89 w 0.63 o–r 1.91 ef 5.99 j–o 1.23 i–m 4.60 o–v 6.46 e–i
Pathri 0.73 tu 2.01 i–n 0.90 c–j 2.13 b–d 5.56 l–r 1.17 j–o 15.96 c 8.33 c–i
Peela Dhora 1.14 i–o 1.71 o–r 0.63 o–r 0.76 j–m 4.73 q–u 0.44 wx 3.43 r–x 6.07 f–i
Peeli Sundar 0.92 o–u 1.93 k–p 0.50 s 0.57 l–o 9.84 a 0.84 s–u 2.23 w–y 11.15 b–f
Rachna 1.45 b–e 1.72 o–r 0.95 b–f 0.71 j–n 6.63 g–l 0.93 q–u 5.04 m–u 10.84 b–f
Seib 1.07 k–q 1.68 p–r 0.77 i–n 0.67 j–n 6.46 h–n 0.83 s–u 3.63 r–x 4.11 hi
Shado 1.02 l–r 2.07 g–m 0.83 f–k 0.69 j–n 7.95 c–f 1.19 j–n 4.92 n–u 2.55 i
Shakri 1.49 a–d 1.49 r–u 0.60 p–s 0.63 j–o 7.39 d–h 0.85 r–u 2.47 v–y 5.61 f–i
Shamran-1 0.99 m–r 1.52 r–t 0.65 n–q 0.68 j–n 4.34 s–v 0.39 wx 3.02 t–y 4.59 g–i
Shamran-2 0.93 o–t 1.69 p–r 0.87 d–k 2.17 b–d 6.08 i–o 1.10 l–q 13.41 d–f 26.97 a
Sufaida 0.84 r–u 2.13 f–l 0.73 k–o 0.64 j–o 4.56 r–v 0.78 uv 4.26 p–w 9.01 c–h
Sundari 0.87 q–u 2.21 e–j 1.18 a 1.02 i 7.30 d–h 1.74 c–e 10.91 g–i 7.59 d–i
Tarmali 0.83 r–u 1.94 j–p 0.91 c–h 2.08 c–e 5.66 l–r 1.28 h–l 15.30 cd 6.10 f–i
Wahn Wali 0.94 n–t 2.55 a–c 0.92 c–g 0.54 m–o 7.93 c–f 1.92 bc 5.36 l–s 4.95 f–i
Zahidi 1.24 e–l 2.40 b–f 0.51 rs 0.83 ij 3.89 uv 0.85 s–u 4.23 p–w 8.16 c–i
Zardo 1.07 k–q 1.68 p–r 0.77 i–n 0.67 j–n 6.46 h–n 0.83 s–u 3.63 r–x 4.11 hi
Zarin 0.84 r–u 1.22 uv 0.92 c–g 1.98 d–f 5.94 j–p 1.36 g–k 9.40 h–j 8.42 c–i
SE 0.11 0.14 0.07 0.10 0.58 0.11 1.15 3.17
SD 0.24 0.47 0.90 0.63 1.65 0.50 5.579 0.24
CV 21.18 25.35 95.41 59.98 26.06 44.97 77.85 21.18
LSD 5% 0.22 0.28 0.13 0.21 1.16 0.22 2.27 6.24
F-value 9.37** 22.22** 11.30** 15.78** 15.78** 37.81** 43.12** 2.96**

Pearson correlation matrix among physico-chemical characteristics of 50 date palm genotypes.

Trait FW PW SW PS FL FD FT FP FA FV SL SD ST S:P SA SV MO DM TSS PH RSs NRSs CA
FW 1
PW 0.99** 1
SW 0.56** 0.51** 1
PS 0.61** 0.64** -0.09 1
FL 0.38** 0.37** 0.28* 0.17 1
FD 0.47** 0.46** 0.28 0.29* 0.60** 1
FT 0.46** 0.48** 0.10 0.45** 0.18 0.31* 1
FP 0.37** 0.38** 0.14 0.32* 0.12 0.05 0.28 1
FA 0.63** 0.63** 0.36* 0.43* 0.27 0.51** 0.43** 0.57** 1
FV 0.60** 0.62** 0.24 0.42** 0.68** 0.86** 0.64** 0.18 0.53** 1
SL 0.15 0.15 -0.01 0.11 0.30* 0.29* 0.28 -0.03 0.10 0.35* 1
SD 0.02 0.03 -0.02 0.03 -0.09 -0.13 -0.06 -0.06 -0.09 -0.11 -0.11 1
ST 0.05 0.06 0.03 0.16 0.05 0.16 0.07 0.11 0.25 0.17 0.06 -0.04 1
SP -0.11 -0.10 -0.29* 0.05 0.01 0.02 0.04 -0.05 -0.11 0.04 0.37* 0.08 0.04 1
SA -0.08 -0.07 -0.28* 0.09 0.05 0.16 0.14 -0.11 -0.04 0.17 0.50** -0.04 0.24 0.70** 1
SV 0.13 0.16 0.08 0.16 0.09 0.13 0.08 0.10 0.21 0.15 0.39* 0.35* 0.79** 0.19 0.36* 1
MO -0.17 -0.16 -0.16 -0.02 0.29* 0.13 0.07 -0.03 -0.04 0.15 0.32* -0.02 0.01 0.18 0.17 0.10 1
DM 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.02 -0.29* -0.13 -0.07 0.03 0.04 -0.15 -0.31* 0.02 -0.01 -0.18 -0.17 -0.10 -0.99** 1
TSS 0.29* 0.30* 0.16 0.18 -0.11 -0.09 0.01 0.21 0.15 -0.07 0.14 0.01 -0.07 0.02 0.02 0.09 -0.05 0.05 1
PH 0.01 0.01 -0.05 0.01 0.19 0.20 0.10 -0.04 0.22 0.21 0.29 0.19 0.06 0.13 0.25 0.23 -0.10 0.10 0.18 1
RS 0.23 0.23 0.15 0.24 0.89 0.11 0.14 0.01 0.18 0.15 0.18 0.01 0.17 -0.08 0.15 0.31* -0.06 0.06 0.27 0.01 1
NR -0.20 -0.19 -0.23 -0.16 -0.07 -0.08 -0.17 -0.05 -0.19 -0.12 -0.08 0.08 -0.05 0.07 -0.13 -0.09 0.20 0.20 -0.09 0.03 -0.62** 1
CA -0.05 -0.04 -0.18 0.07 -0.18 -0.05 -0.15 -0.15 -0.17 -0.13 0.08 -0.04 -0.07 0.19 0.24 -0.04 0.10 0.10 0.15 0.08 0.20 -0.08 1

Date palm cultivars collected from 2 different research stations of Punjab, Pakistan.

Genotype code Genotype name Collection site
1 Akhrot Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang
2 Angoor Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang
3 Aseel Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang
4 Baidhar Horticultural Research Station, Bahawalpur
5 Begum Jangi Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang
6 Burhami Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang
7 Champa Kali Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang
8 Chohara Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang
9 Danda Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang
10 Dedhi Horticultural Research Station, Bahawalpur
11 Deglet Noor Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang
12 Dhakki Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang
13 Eedel Shah Horticultural Research Station, Bahawalpur
14 Fasli Horticultural Research Station, Bahawalpur
15 Gajar Horticultural Research Station, Bahawalpur
16 Gokhna Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang
17 Haleeni Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang
18 Halmain Horticultural Research Station, Bahawalpur
19 Hamin Wali Horticultural Research Station, Bahawalpur
20 Hilawi-1 Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang
21 Hilawi-2 Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang
22 Jaman Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang
23 Jan Sahr Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang
24 Kantar Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang
25 Karbalaen Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang
26 Khudrawi-1 Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang
27 Khudrawi-2 Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang
28 Kohraba Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang
29 Koznabad Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang
30 Kupra Horticultural Research Station, Bahawalpur
31 Kur Horticultural Research Station, Bahawalpur
32 Makhi Horticultural Research Station, Bahawalpur
33 Makran Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang
34 Neelum Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang
35 Pathri Horticultural Research Station, Bahawalpur
36 Peela Dhora Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang
37 Peeli Sundar Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang
38 Rachna Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang
39 Seib Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang
40 Shado Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang
41 Shakri Horticultural Research Station, Bahawalpur
42 Shamran-1 Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang
43 Shamran-2 Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang
44 Sufaida Horticultural Research Station, Bahawalpur
45 Sundari Horticultural Research Station, Bahawalpur
46 Tarmali Horticultural Research Station, Bahawalpur
47 Wahn Wali Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang
48 Zahidi Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang
49 Zardo Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang
50 Zarin Date palm Research Sub-Station, Jhang

Variation in fruit attributes of 50 date palm genotypes.

Genotype name FW (g) PW (g) FL (cm) FD (cm) FT (cm) FP (cm) FA (cm2) FV (cm3)
Akhrot 13.89 ef 12.85 de 3.56 m–s 3.21 e–g 3.25 d–h 10.81 h–k 9.56 c–e 155.53 gh
Angoor 9.85 lm 8.73 l–o 4.06 h–n 2.31 p–v 2.30 m–r 10.03 l–p 7.68 ij 89.91 n–t
Aseel 9.01 m–o 7.97 o–r 4.46 f–i 2.55 k–r 3.04 d–j 11.57 ef 8.82 g 144.62 hi
Baidhar 11.09 h–j 10.10 gh 3.55 n–s 2.24 r–w 3.01 e–k 10.24 j–o 5.94 no 101.07 m–r
Begum Jangi 8.37 n–q 7.42 r–u 3.75 k–r 1.73 zA 1.80 qr 13.34 a 5.12 q–s 54.34 wx
Burhami 6.73 t–v 5.52 x–z 4.48 f–i 3.58 cd 3.12 d–i 7.61 v 5.49 o–q 208.82 ef
Champa Kali 12.89 g 11.58 f 3.73 l–r 2.49 l–s 2.70 g–o 11.44 e–h 6.97 k 105.22 l–p
Chohara 10.33 j–l 9.03 j–m 3.82 j–r 2.31 p–v 3.61 b–e 9.78 n–q 9.45 c–f 133.3 4 h–l
Danda 4.41 y 3.72 B 2.36 v 1.91 x–A 1.86 qr 6.56 wx 3.85 v–x 34.86 x
Dedhi 13.22 fg 11.52 f 4.34 f–j 2.94 g–j 2.40 k–q 12.31 cd 9.67 cd 128.75 h–m
Deglet Noor 8.02 p–r 6.72 t–v 3.75 k–r 2.36 o–u 3.32 c–h 10.38 i–n 6.72 kl 119.03 i–n
Dhakki 20.93 a 19.62 a 6.62 b 5.23 a 4.22 b 10.72 i–k 9.64 cd 611.99 a
Eedel Shah 13.87 ef 12.95 de 3.70 l–s 2.53 k–r 9.59 a 10.69 i–l 7.64 ij 375.27 b
Fasli 14.08 ef 12.65 e 4.11 g–l 2.46 m–s 2.29 m–r 9.02 r–u 5.32 p–r 96.99 n–s
Gajar 11.85 h 10.43 g 4.52 f–h 2.79 h–l 2.28 n–r 11.66 d–f 8.63 gh 119.63 i–n
Gokhna 9.89 lm 8.52 l–p 3.46 o–t 2.82 h–k 2.67 h–p 9.24 q–s 5.65 n–q 109.13 j–o
Haleeni 7.72 p–s 6.66 t–v 3.37 q–u 2.39 n–u 2.97 e–m 8.55 tu 4.81 r–t 99.90 m–r
Halmain 9.85 lm 8.89 k–n 4.27 f–k 2.64 j–o 2.22 n–r 10.38 i–n 8.68 g 104.80 l–q
Hamin Wali 10.72 i–l 9.40 h–l 3.58 m–s 2.67 j–o 2.13 n–r 8.97 s–u 5.17 q–s 85.56 o–v
Hilawi-1 10.67 i–l 7.13 r–v 5.76 cd 4.99 a 3.04 d–j 10.44 i–n 9.08 d–g 364.33 bc
Hilawi-2 8.57 n–p 7.66 p–s 3.68 l–s 3.00 f–i 2.97 e–m 11.51 e–g 9.92 c 137.07 h–k
Jaman 9.10 mn 7.99 n–r 9.30 a 2.93 g–j 2.01 p–r 6.25 x 2.32 y 231.02 de
Jan Sahr 14.25 de 12.72 de 4.48 f–i 3.50 c–e 3.33 c–h 9.79 n–q 8.95 e–g 219.83 de
Kantar 9.93 sk–m 8.80 k–o 5.21 e 4.53 b 3.70 b–d 9.15 q–t 7.71 ij 365.30 bc
Karbalaen 11.21 h–j 10.25 gh 3.35 r–u 2.57 k–q 2.75 f–n 11.97 de 7.15 jk 99.61 m–r
Khudrawi-1 10.80 i–k 9.65 g–k 3.48 o–s 2.03 v–z 2.35 k–q 9.65 o–r 5.71 n–q 69.30 s–w
Khudrawi-2 5.42 x 4.35 AB 3.56 m–s 1.98 w–A 1.87 qr 9.39 p–s 5.09 q–s 56.19 v–x
Kohraba 8.17 o–r 6.99 s–v 3.45 p–t 2.61 k–p 2.03 o–r 5.21 y 4.68 s–u 77.30 p–w
Koznabad 7.47 q–t 6.39 v–x 3.97 i–p 2.26 q–w 2.31 l–r 10.60 i–m 6.94 k 86.58 o–u
Kupra 15.76 c 14.70 c 4.61 fg 3.27 d–f 3.37 c–g 11.64 ef 10.56 b 214.42 e
Kur 11.30 hi 9.94 g–i 3.98 i–o 2.69 i–n 2.98 e–l 10.90 g–j 8.01 hi 134.04 h–l
Makhi 6.99 s–u 6.24 v–x 2.88 u 1.71 A 1.78 qr 7.10 vw 3.35 x 37.80 x
Makran 17.55 b 15.94 b 6.25 bc 3.27 d–f 4.00 bc 13.03 ab 12.30 a 342.77 c
Neelum 10.47 i–l 9.07 i–m 4.67 f 3.61 c 3.51 c–e 9.70 o–q 9.81 c 247.63 d
Pathri 6.45 u–w 5.74 w–y 2.95 tu 2.35 o–v 1.96 qr 8.87 r–u 4.46 t–v 57.12 u–x
Peela Dhora 7.87 p–s 6.74 s–v 4.62 fg 1.86 y–A 3.95 bc 12.64 bc 5.70 n–q 138.43 h–j
Peeli Sundar 11.04 h–j 10.13 gh 3.55 n–s 2.13 t–y 2.37 j–q 10.23 k–o 6.69 k–m 70.96 r–w
Rachna 15.03 cd 13.59 d 3.45 p–t 2.73 h–m 2.33 k–q 8.87 s–u 5.29 p–s 95.26 n–s
Seib 5.42 x 4.36 AB 3.56 m–s 1.98 w–A 1.87 qr 9.39 p–s 5.09 q–s 56.19 v–x
Shado 3.50 z 2.49 C 3.66 l–s 2.80 h–l 1.64 r 8.91 s–u 3.23 x 71.31 r–w
Shakri 9.88 lm 8.39 m–q 3.89 j–q 2.37 n–u 2.46 i–q 9.71 o–q 6.09 m–o 95.07 n–s
Shamran-1 5.55 wx 4.56 AB 3.69 l–s 2.20 s–x 1.81 qr 8.92 s–u 4.17 u–w 64.75 t–x
Shamran-2 9.85 lm 8.93 k–m 4.08 h–m 3.01 f–h 3.42 c–f 10.99 f–i 7.99 i 179.38 fg
Sufaida 8.32 n–q 7.49 q–t 4.45 f–i 2.44 m–t 2.34 k–q 10.02 m–p 6.15 l–n 108.62 j–o
Sundari 7.41 r–t 6.55 u–w 3.67 l–s 2.38 n–u 2.75 f–n 9.79 n–q 6.07 no 100.13 m–r
Tarmali 5.89 v–x 5.06 y–A 4.43 f–i 2.56 k–q 2.25 n–r 11.96 de 8.87 fg 106.86 k–p
Wahn Wali 5.55 wx 4.61 z–B 3.61 l–s 2.12 u–y 1.85 qr 8.46 u 3.60 wx 61.06 t–x
Zahidi 11.10 h–j 9.87 g–j 5.43 de 4.56 b 3.32 c–h 8.84 s–u 7.3 1 jk 346.34 bc
Zardo 5.42 x 4.35 AB 3.56 m–s 1.98 w–A 1.87 qr 9.39 p–s 5.09 q–s 56.19 v–x
Zarin 7.93 p–r 7.10 r–v 3.19 s–u 2.29 q–w 2.43 j–q 10.50 i–m 5.86 n–p 74.55 q–w
SE 0.46 0.47 0.26 0.16 0.35 0.34 0.31 15.82
SD 3.57 3.44 1.11 0.77 1.19 1.87 2.23 112.50
CV 36.77 40.09 27.13 28.43 42.54 18.95 33.06 77.70
LSD 5% 0.91 0.93 0.52 0.31 0.68 0.67 0.62 31.20
F-value 117.48** 108.41** 33.53** 45.77** 23.37** 47.62** 103.17** 100.88**

Variance decomposition for the optimal classification of studied genotypes.

Absolute Percentage (%)
Within-cluster 4,136.636 31.52
Between-clusters 8,985.867 68.48
Total 13,122.504 100.00

Variation in biochemical properties of 50 date palm cultivars.

Genotype name MO (%) DM (%) TSS (°Brix) Juice pH RSs (%) NRSs (%) Carotenoids (μg · g−1)
Akhrot 61.17 l–p 38.83 g–k 14.57 n–t 6.26 r–t 40.40 l–t 10.99 b–e 0.04 e
Angoor 66.99 h–k 33.01 l–o 15.50 h–o 5.39 wx 38.29 o–u 11.28 b–d 0.03 f
Aseel 62.77 j–o 37.23 h–m 15.07 k–p 7.06 a–e 35.25 s–v 11.50 b 0.04 e
Baidhar 37.41 v 62.59 a 16.50 c–h 6.47 n–r 63.24 a 5.29 k 0.06 c
Begum Jangi 64.77 i–n 35.23 i–n 14.82 l–r 5.55 vw 27.75 x 11.41 bc 0.03 f
Burhami 73.81 d–f 26.19 q–s 14.24 p–u 6.99 b–f 16.30 z 9.48 b–i 0.04 e
Champa Kali 69.36 f–i 30.64 n–q 18.83 a 6.21 st 44.35 i–o 10.38 b–f 0.03 f
Chohara 64.24 i–n 35.76 i–n 17.07 b–d 6.50 l–q 61.81 ab 5.78 jk 0.03 f
Danda 46.73 tu 53.27 bc 13.25 u 5.87 u 27.92 wx 11.41 bc 0.03 f
Dedhi 65.74 h–l 34.26 k–o 16.74 b–f 6.70 h–n 60.26 a–c 7.84 f–k 0.03 f
Deglet Noor 56.89 p–r 43.11 e–g 14.66 m–s 6.65 i–n 29.53 v–x 11.55 b 0.04 e
Dhakki 61.07 l–p 38.93 g–k 16.32 d–i 6.75 g–k 47.22 f–l 9.70 b–i 0.04 e
Eedel Shah 75.54 c–e 24.46 r–t 15.66 g–m 6.51 l–p 46.67 g–m 9.70 b–i 0.03 f
Fasli 57.09 p–r 42.91 e–g 16.00 e–k 6.39 p–t 43.45 j–p 9.70 b–i 0.04 e
Gajar 61.58 k–p 38.42 g–l 16.16 d–j 6.64 i–o 55.93 b–e 6.93 i–k 0.04 e
Gokhna 61.11 l–p 38.89 g–k 15.08 k–p 5.75 uv 29.92 v–x 11.54 b 0.03 f
Haleeni 65.51 h–m 34.49 j–o 14.82 l–r 6.38 p–t 46.13 h–n 9.58 b–i 0.04 e
Halmain 74.11 d–f 25.89 q–s 16.32 d–i 7.22 a 37.66 o–u 11.33 b–d 0.05 d
Hamin Wali 61.00 l–p 39.00 g–k 16.24 d–i 6.48 m–r 25.67 xy 11.32 b–d 0.03 f
Hilawi-1 73.03 d–g 26.97 p–s 15.66 g–m 7.14 a–c 46.56 g–m 9.81 b–h 0.03 f
Hilawi-2 76.69 cd 23.31 st 14.49 o–t 6.94 c–g 35.55 r–v 11.61 b 0.04 e
Jaman 83.34 ab 16.66 uv 13.91 r–u 6.64 i–o 41.99 k–t 10.97 b–e 0.03 f
Jan Sahr 43.22 u 56.78 b 13.58 tu 5.71 uv 57.12 a–d 7.14 h–k 0.05 d
Kantar 70.87 e–h 29.13 o–r 13.9 q–u 6.70 g–m 36.17 q–v 11.45 bc 0.03 f
Karbalaen 47.07 tu 52.93 bc 14.91 l–r 6.41 o–s 38.87 n–u 11.23 b–d 0.03 f
Khudrawi-1 61.47 k–p 38.53 g–l 15.58 g–n 7.1 a–d 38.02 o–u 11.74 b 0.03 f
Khudrawi-2 35.42 v 64.58 a 14.82 l–r 7.18 ab 25.57 xy 11.26 bcd 0.03 f
Kohraba 64.5 i–n 35.49 i–n 14.99 k–q 6.85 e–i 39.55 m–u 11.29 b–d 0.03 f
Koznabad 56.67 p–r 43.33 e–g 14.66 m–s 6.55 k–p 40.83 l–t 11.03 b–e 0.03 f
Kupra 65.94 h–l 34.06 k–o 17.66 b 7.08 a–e 27.45 x 11.38 bc 0.06 c
Kur 62.08 k–p 37.92 g–l 16.58 c–g 6.58 j–p 36.33 p–v 11.44 bc 0.03 f
Makhi 70.53 e–h 29.47 o–r 16.32 d–i 6.91 c–h 54.08 c–f 8.20 e–j 0.09 a
Makran 78.19 b–d 21.81 s–u 14.99 k–q 6.39 p–t 40.56 l–t 11.22 b–d 0.03 f
Neelum 61.50 k–p 38.50 g–l 14.99 k–q 6.34 p–t 53.07 c–h 8.51 d–j 0.04 e
Pathri 66.03 h–l 33.97 k–o 16.91 b–e 6.72 g–l 50.06 d–j 16.85 a 0.06 c
Peela Dhora 66.05 h–l 33.95 k–o 14.75 l–s 6.27 q–t 30.36 v–x 11.59 b 0.03 f
Peeli Sundar 54.63 o–s 45.37 d–f 17.41 bc 6.17 t 26.10 xy 11.29 b–d 0.03 f
Rachna 57.46 o–r 42.54 e–h 15.41 i–o 5.18 xy 43.30 j–q 10.61 b–f 0.05 d
Seib 89.00 a 11.00 v 15.32 i–o 5.11 y 44.70 i–o 10.38 b–f 0.04 e
Shado 87.04 a 12.96 v 15.66 g–m 5.27 xy 32.71 u–x 11.52 b 0.08 b
Shakri 50.81 st 49.19 cd 18.75 a 7.03 a–f 36.07 q–v 11.54 b 0.03 f
Shamran-1 70.58 e–h 29.42 o–r 14.91 l–r 6.69 h–n 51.38 d–i 8.98 b–i 0.03 f
Shamran-2 73.77 d–f 26.23 q–s 15.16 j–p 6.22 st 53.63 c–g 8.62 cj 0.04 e
Sufaida 67.77 g–j 32.23 m–p 15.74 f–l 5.85 u 49.11 e–k 9.32 b–i 0.03 f
Sundari 53.64 rs 46.36 de 17.16 b–d 6.90 d–h 56.70 a–d 7.48 g–k 0.03 f
Tarmali 75.29 c–e 24.71 r–t 15.16 j–p 6.49 l–r 30.17 v–x 11.61 b 0.03 f
Wahn Wali 80.63 bc 19.37 tu 15.00 k–q 6.81 f–j 35.09 t–w 11.58 b 0.03 f
Zahidi 59.47 n–q 40.53 f–i 14.99 k–q 6.90 d–h 42.38 k–s 10.76 b–e 0.03 f
Zardo 59.87 m–q 40.13 f–j 14.74 l–s 6.90 d–h 42.58 k–r 10.72 b–e 0.04 e
Zarin 63.49 j–n 36.51 i–m 13.74 s–u 6.35 p–t 19.47 yz 10.12 b–g 0.03 f
SE 2.11 2.09 0.47 0.10 2.60 1.11 0.02
SD 11.25 11.25 1.20 0.53 11.04 1.87 0.01
CV 17.51 31.48 7.75 8.28 27.16 18.06 25.43
LSD 5% 4.14 4.13 0.93 0.19 5.12 2.18 0.03
F-value 57.60** 58.63** 12.94** 3.96** 36.20** 5.68** 3.90*
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Angielski
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