Bioactive compounds and physical attributes of  genotypes through multivariate approaches

Bünyamin Demir; Bahadır Sayinci; Ahmet Sümbül; Mehmet Yaman; Ercan Yildiz; Necati Çetin; Orhan Karakaya; Sezai Ercişli

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Bioactive compounds and physical attributes of Cornus mas genotypes through multivariate approaches

oraz

| 19 wrz 2020

Tom 32 (2020): Zeszyt 2 (December 2020)

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Article Category: Research Article

Data publikacji: 19 wrz 2020

Zakres stron: 189 - 202

Otrzymano: 08 lip 2020

Przyjęty: 18 sie 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2020-0018

Słowa kluczowe
cranberry genotypes, elliptic Fourier analysis, shape features, shape index

© 2020 Bünyamin Demir et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Images of cornelian cherry genotypes at horizontal and vertical orientations.

Basic sizes and notations for any cornelian cherry genotypes.

PCA scatter plot for the first two PCs explaining variations in size and shape parameters of cornelian cherry genotypes.

Variations in shape geometry of cornelian cherry geometry based on principle component scores obtained from elliptic Fourier descriptors (orifice contours from left to right: mean−2 SS, mean, mean+2 SS).

Group centroids of Cornus mas genotypes at canonical discriminant functions.

Size and shape parameters of cornelian cherry genotypes

Types	Length	Width	Thickness	Geo. mean diam.	Surface area	Sphericity	Shape index

	(L, mm)	(W, mm)	(T, mm)	(D_g, mm)	(SA, cm²)	(φ, %)	(SI)
G1	17.94 ± 0.97 efgh	14.02 ± 0.91 ab	14.06 ± 0.86 bcd	15.23 ± 0.76 bcd	7.30 ± 0.74 bcd	84.9 ± 3.2 abc	1.28 ± 0.07 hij
G2	15.63 ± 0.89 j	10.93 ± 0.71 h	11.08 ± 0.97 h	12.36 ± 0.76 h	4.82 ± 0.59 h	79.1 ± 3.2 fg	1.42 ± 0.09 de
G3	18.93 ± 1.18 cdef	14.12 ± 0.92 a	14.95 ± 1.15 b	15.86 ± 0.95 ab	7.93 ± 0.96 ab	83.8 ± 2.7 bc	1.30 ± 0.06 hi
G4	20.73 ± 0.98 b	14.03 ± 1.02 ab	14.21 ± 1.31 bc	16.04 ± 0.98 a	8.10 ± 0.99 a	77.3 ± 2.8 gh	1.47 ± 0.08 cd
G5	18.48 ± 1.12 defg	10.99 ± 0.75 h	10.85 ± 1.18 h	13.00 ± 0.89 gh	5.33 ± 0.73 fgh	70.4 ± 2.9 i	1.70 ± 0.10 b
G6	17.93 ± 1.23 fgh	13.55 ± 0.95 abcd	13.65 ± 1.19 cde	14.90 ± 1.00 cd	7.00 ± 0.93 cd	83.2 ± 2.8 cd	1.32 ± 0.07 ghi
G7	18.77 ± 0.92 defg	13.00 ± 0.69 de	13.01 ± 0.73 efg	14.69 ± 0.56 d	6.78 ± 0.53 d	78.3 ± 3.1 fg	1.45 ± 0.09 de
G8	16.20 ± 0.74 ij	11.22 ± 0.68 gh	11.32 ± 0.78 h	12.71 ± 0.63 h	5.09 ± 0.50 gh	78.5 ± 2.4 fg	1.44 ± 0.07 de
G9	22.23 ± 1.25 a	13.81 ± 0.88 abc	13.30 ± 1.05 def	15.97 ± 0.89 ab	8.04 ± 0.90 a	71.9 ± 2.0 i	1.64 ± 0.07 b
G10	17.76 ± 1.15 gh	12.74 ± 0.83 e	14.04 ± 1.03 cd	14.70 ± 0.93 d	6.81 ± 0.86 d	82.8 ± 2.0 cde	1.33 ± 0.05 fgh
G11	17.84 ± 1.24 gh	11.92 ± 0.82 fg	12.35 ± 0.99 g	13.79 ± 0.88 ef	6.00 ± 0.80 ef	77.4 ± 2.7 gh	1.47 ± 0.08 cd
G12	16.90 ± 1.09 hi	13.09 ± 1.01 cde	13.97 ± 1.04 cd	14.56 ± 0.96 de	6.69 ± 0.88 de	86.2 ± 3.1 ab	1.25 ± 0.07 ij
G13	19.01 ± 1.09 cde	13.18 ± 0.76 cde	12.44 ± 0.85 fg	14.60 ± 0.67d	6.70 ± 0.62 de	76.9 ± 3.0 gh	1.49 ± 0.09 cd
G14	22.10 ± 1.18 a	13.77 ± 0.84 abcd	8.23 ± 0.58 i	13.57 ± 0.77 fg	5.80 ± 0.66 fg	61.4 ± 1.8 j	2.01 ± 0.09 a
G15	18.68 ± 1.49 defg	14.15 ± 0.82 a	12.94 ± 0.72 efg	15.06 ± 0.84 cd	7.14 ± 0.79 cd	80.8 ± 3.8 def	1.38 ± 0.10 efg
G16	19.51 ± 1.73 cd	14.18 ± 0.88 a	13.83 ± 0.89 cde	15.63 ± 0.95 abc	7.69 ± 0.92 abc	80.4 ± 4.2 ef	1.39 ± 0.11 ef
G17	19.98 ± 1.38 bc	12.63 ± 0.92 ef	13.53 ± 1.24 cde	15.05 ± 1.11 cd	7.15 ± 1.05 cd	75.3 ± 1.6 h	1.53 ± 0.05 c
G18	18.70 ± 1.17 defg	13.30 ± 0.56 bcde	17.22 ± 0.84 a	16.23 ± 0.65 a	8.29 ± 0.67 a	87.0 ± 3.7 a	1.23 ± 0.08 j

Mean ± SD	18.68 ± 2.05	12.99 ± 1.35	13.07 ± 2.09	14.64 ± 1.41	6.79 ± 1.29	78.8 ± 6.7	1.45 ± 0.20
Min–max	13.50–25.76	9.44–16.22	7.04–18.82	10.66–18.17	3.57–10.37	57.3–97.2	1.03–2.23
Sigma (p)	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**
F value	67.228	51.509	110.223	55.281	51.716	137.417	166.002

Shape parameters of cornelian cherry fruits at horizontal and vertical orientations

Types	Shape factor		Elongation		Coating ratio (%)

	Horizontal (SF_h)	Vertical (SF_v)	Horizontal (E_h)	Vertical (E_v)	Horizontal (CR_h)	Vertical (CR_v)
G1	0.850 ± 0.013 ab	0.865 ± 0.041 abc	1.28 ± 0.09 h	1.05 ± 0.03 b	78.63 ± 5.01 a	94.6 ± 2.4 a
G2	0.832 ± 0.024 abcd	0.882 ± 0.019 ab	1.43 ± 0.07 cd	1.06 ± 0.03 b	70.65 ± 3.57 defg	93.6 ± 2.7 ab
G3	0.851 ± 0.014 a	0.881 ± 0.010 ab	1.34 ± 0.08 efgh	1.07 ± 0.05 b	75.79 ± 3.92 abc	93.1 ± 3.6 ab
G4	0.791 ± 0.069 e	0.808 ± 0.106 cdef	1.48 ± 0.08 c	1.08 ± 0.08 b	69.31 ± 3.78 fg	90.9 ± 5.3 b
G5	0.798 ± 0.028 de	0.768 ± 0.097 fg	1.68 ± 0.07 a	1.09 ± 0.05 b	60.89 ± 2.84 j	90.9 ± 4.0 b
G6	0.847 ± 0.016 abc	0.794 ± 0.102 def	1.32 ± 0.07 fgh	1.06 ± 0.04 b	76.42 ± 3.91 ab	93.2 ± 3.6 ab
G7	0.830 ± 0.015 abcd	0.854 ± 0.048 abcd	1.45 ± 0.08 cd	1.06 ± 0.05 b	69.80 ± 4.02 efg	93.2 ± 3.8 ab
G8	0.813 ± 0.050 cde	0.886 ± 0.008 a	1.45 ± 0.07 cd	1.06 ± 0.04 b	70.26 ± 3.23 defg	93.4 ± 3.4 ab
G9	0.803 ± 0.015 de	0.787 ± 0.061 defg	1.61 ± 0.06 b	1.09 ± 0.05 b	63.17 ± 2.54 ij	91.2 ± 4.2 b
G10	0.842 ± 0.015 abc	0.693 ± 0.142 h	1.40 ± 0.05 def	1.06 ± 0.04 b	73.32 ± 2.55 bcde	92.7 ± 2.9 ab
G11	0.788 ± 0.082 e	0.815 ± 0.078 bcdef	1.50 ± 0.08 c	1.07 ± 0.04 b	68.18 ± 4.23 gh	92.3 ± 3.6 ab
G12	0.814 ± 0.076 bcde	0.845 ± 0.063 abcde	1.29 ± 0.07 h	1.05 ± 0.04 b	77.84 ± 4.23 a	94.1 ± 3.1 ab
G13	0.840 ± 0.013 abc	0.766 ± 0.108 fg	1.44 ± 0.07 cd	1.06 ± 0.04 b	70.40 ± 3.63 defg	93.4 ± 3.2 ab
G14	0.816 ± 0.014 bcde	0.884 ± 0.013 ab	1.61 ± 0.08 b	1.08 ± 0.05 b	63.89 ± 2.98 ij	91.9 ± 4.3 ab
G15	0.853 ± 0.018 a	0.722 ± 0.078 gh	1.32 ± 0.10 gh	1.08 ± 0.03 b	76.50 ± 5.56 ab	91.5 ± 2.8 ab
G16	0.799 ± 0.053 de	0.782 ± 0.101 efg	1.38 ± 0.12 defg	1.05 ± 0.03 b	73.80 ± 6.77 bcd	94.1 ± 2.4 ab
G17	0.815 ± 0.017 bcde	0.852 ± 0.076 abcde	1.58 ± 0.06 b	1.08 ± 0.05 b	64.58 ± 2.32 hi	91.6 ± 3.9 ab
G18	0.839 ± 0.020 abc	0.769 ± 0.076 fg	1.41 ± 0.09 de	1.32 ± 0.06 a	72.30 ± 4.47 cdef	74.7 ± 3.3 c

Mean ± SD	0.824 ± 0.043	0.815 ± 0.095	1.44 ± 0.14	1.08 ± 0.08	70.88 ± 6.47	91.62 ± 5.57
Min–max	0.443–0.890	0.338–0.907	1.15–1.85	1.00–1.51	55.14–87.61	66.49–99.13
Sigma (p)	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**
F value	9.870	17.217	68.204	55.580	54.083	47.072

Eigen statistics and vectors for two principle components

Size and shape features	PC1	PC2
Sphericity	0.956
Shape index	−0.953
Projected area at vertical	0.927
Thickness	0.915
Perimeter at vertical	0.891
Elongation at horizontal	−0.805
Projected area at horizontal		0.990
Perimeter at horizontal		0.988
Length		0.932
Width		0.826
Geometric mean diameter		0.767

Eigenvalue	5.788	4.395
Proportion (%)	52.614	39.950
Cumulative (%)	52.614	92.564

Some size and shape parameters of cornelian cherry fruits

Physical features	Equation	Reference
Geom. mean diameter (mm)	$D_{g} = \sqrt[2]{L \cdot W \cdot T}$ {D_g} = \root 2 \of {L \cdot W \cdot T}	Kara (2017)
Surface area (cm²)	$SA = π \cdot D_{g}^{2}$ SA = \pi \cdot D_g^2	Olajide and Ade-Omowaye (1999)
Sphericity (%)	$φ = (D_{g}^{2} / L) \cdot 100$ \varphi = \left({{\rm{D}}_g^2/{\rm{L}}} \right) \cdot 100	Mohsenin (1986)
Shape index	SI = 2 · L / (W+T)	Ercisli et al. (2012)
Shape factor	SF = 4 · π · PA / P²	Sayinci et al. (2015a)
Elongation at horizontal	E_h = L / W	Fıratlıgil-Durmuş et al. (2010)
Elongation at vertical	E_v = W / T	–
Coating rate (%) at horizontal	CR_h = (4 · PA / π · L²) · 100	–
Coating rate (%) at vertical	CR_n = (4 · PA / π · W²) · 100	–

Biochemical characteristics of cornelian cherry genotypes

Genotypes	Antioxidant activity (DPPH) (mmol TE · kg⁻¹)	Total flavonoids (mg QE · kg⁻¹)	Total phenolics (mg GAE · kg⁻¹)
G1	94.786 ± 0.681 g^*	391.80 ± 11.77 m^*	3,603.20 ± 13.78 m^*
G2	77.316 ± 0.931 j	484.60 ± 21.05 kl	2,644.80 ± 26.99 p
G3	96.669 ± 0.475 g	819.20 ± 17.38 i	6,124.40 ± 17.80 h
G4	88.026 ± 0.731 h	537.00 ± 11.73 jk	4,167.00 ± 41.35 j
G5	89.938 ± 1.196 h	497.80 ± 9.98 jkl	4,159.20 ± 24.58 j
G6	70.661 ± 0.333 k	451.20 ± 11.42 lm	3,865.00 ± 16.63 l
G7	144.861 ± 0.546 c	2,882.80 ± 27.38 a	10,609.40 ± 84.28 c
G8	138.114 ± 0.592 e	1,263.60 ± 19.88 f	5,248.40 ± 24.19 i
G9	96.310 ± 1.009 g	503.40 ± 33.37 jkl	3,987.00 ± 13.74 k
G10	55.062 ± 0.505 m	286.40 ± 12.35 n	3,463.60 ± 25.68 n
G11	151.943 ± 0.429 a	1,571.80 ± 21.46 e	9,374.20 ± 42.80 d
G12	147.095 ± 0.244 b	1,889.80 ± 16.56 c	8,719.40 ± 61.75 e
G13	152.420 ± 0.423 a	1,818.20 ± 28.98 d	11,355.00 ± 48.58 b
G14	152.180 ± 0.289 a	2,070.40 ± 47.00 b	12,959.00 ± 33.09 a
G15	140.656 ± 0.566 d	1,083.40 ± 23.64 h	8,513.80 ± 31.80 f
G16	120.470 ± 0.969 f	1,160.60 ± 25.62 g	7,498.60 ± 40.08 g
G17	82.401 ± 0.751 i	459.00 ± 12.42 l	4,216.60 ± 50.07 j
G18	59.670 ± 0.718 l	556.80 ± 20.12 j	3,233.60 ± 30.07 o

Differences among the genotypes based on Cornus mas contours

A. Discriminant analysis results (computed in SPSS version 22.0)

Function

Eigenvalue

% of variance

Cumulative, %

Canonical correlation

1.623

78.6

0.787

0.443

21.4

100.00

0.554

B. MANOVA results (computed in PAST version 3.25)

Effect

Statistics

Value

Hypothesis df

Error df

p (sigma)

Genotypes

Wilks’ Lambda

0.2336

102

7,281

20.74

1.334E-322

Pillai Trace

1.04

102

7,686

15.80

1.248E-241

C. The results of the Hotelling's pairwise comparisons. Bonferroni corrected P values (computed in PAST version 3.25) <<

Genotypes

G10

G11

G12

G13

G14

G15

G16

G17

G18

1.55E-15

9.5926^ns

9.45E-20

2.92E-48

0.036667

2.58E-22

1.45E-19

3.11E-41

3.21E-09

5.22E-26

4.24E-07

1.95E-20

7.93E-42

2.39E-05

0.02048

6.08E-37

1.19E-19

1.55E-15

4.72E-09

4.08E-05

1.79E-24

1.85E-06

5.51E-11

1.35E-08

2.03E-15

0.003698

2.26E-05

1.48E-22

0.4005^ns

1.39E-18

4.27E-13

0.000604

7.72E-14

2.72E-14

9.5926^ns

4.72E-09

2.81E-12

1.15E-41

97.041^ns

6.80E-14

6.47E-11

1.98E-34

0.002757

1.84E-17

7.76E-06

1.75E-14

6.01E-35

1.99E-07

0.127^ns

4.02E-29

4.75E-12

9.45E-20

4.08E-05

2.81E-12

9.01E-18

1.23E-08

0.3484^ns

1.7195^ns

1.01E-12

1.22E-06

4.0958^ns

1.09E-18

1.82E-07

2.64E-11

3.74E-23

7.59E-12

7.64E-06

0.001629

2.92E-48

1.79E-24

1.15E-41

9.01E-18

1.55E-38

4.50E-27

2.16E-26

1.6665^ns

3.07E-31

2.47E-16

4.97E-50

1.27E-20

35.967^ns

1.14E-45

2.87E-31

0.000166

2.95E-33

0.036667

1.85E-06

97.041^ns

1.23E-08

1.55E-38

5.65E-10

3.16E-07

3.55E-31

0.1924^ns

3.50E-13

1.70E-06

5.11E-13

1.46E-31

7.19E-10

0.010843

2.22E-25

7.75E-08

2.58E-22

5.51E-11

6.80E-14

0.3484^ns

4.50E-27

5.65E-10

44.441^ns

7.19E-22

1.06E-10

0.0782^ns

7.20E-16

2.42E-15

1.56E-19

4.71E-30

5.66E-16

1.56E-13

0.24842^ns

1.45E-19

1.35E-08

6.47E-11

1.7195^ns

2.16E-26

3.16E-07

44.441^ns

4.56E-21

1.27E-06

0.2898^ns

1.34E-15

3.81E-13

6.59E-19

2.79E-26

1.32E-13

2.07E-11

0.9258^ns

3.11E-41

2.03E-15

1.98E-34

1.01E-12

1.6665^ns

3.55E-31

7.19E-22

4.56E-21

2.97E-23

1.51E-10

2.02E-44

1.57E-12

13.625^ns

4.88E-38

9.10E-25

0.004326

2.51E-28

G10

3.21E-09

0.003698

0.002757

1.22E-06

3.07E-31

0.1924^ns

1.06E-10

1.27E-06

2.97E-23

3.10E-09

2.34E-17

2.87E-09

2.24E-24

4.59E-11

6.40E-05

7.03E-18

1.24E-09

G11

5.22E-26

2.26E-05

1.84E-17

4.0958^ns

2.47E-16

3.50E-13

0.07817^ns

0.2898^ns

1.51E-10

3.10E-09

4.97E-25

4.21E-09

1.73E-09

1.50E-28

2.46E-15

0.000546

6.40E-07

G12

4.24E-07

1.48E-22

7.76E-06

1.09E-18

4.97E-50

1.70E-06

7.20E-16

1.34E-15

2.02E-44

2.34E-17

4.97E-25

2.30E-27

3.93E-43

6.07E-23

2.12E-12

4.14E-38

5.90E-13

G13

1.95E-20

0.4005^ns

1.75E-14

1.82E-07

1.27E-20

5.11E-13

2.42E-15

3.81E-13

1.57E-12

2.87E-09

4.21E-09

2.30E-27

2.54E-16

6.88E-16

6.58E-06

3.19E-13

7.43E-21

G14

7.93E-42

1.39E-18

6.01E-35

2.64E-11

35.967^ns

1.46E-31

1.56E-19

6.59E-19

13.625^ns

2.24E-24

1.73E-09

3.93E-43

2.54E-16

2.83E-40

1.03E-26

2.1106^ns

2.02E-25

G15

2.39E-05

4.27E-13

1.99E-07

3.74E-23

1.14E-45

7.19E-10

4.71E-30

2.79E-26

4.88E-38

4.59E-11

1.50E-28

6.07E-23

6.88E-16

2.83E-40

2.217^ns

4.21E-36

6.95E-29

G16

0.02048

0.000604

0.127^ns

7.59E-12

2.87E-31

0.010843

5.66E-16

1.32E-13

9.10E-25

6.40E-05

2.46E-15

2.12E-12

6.58E-06

1.03E-26

2.217^ns

4.85E-23

1.17E-16

G17

6.08E-37

7.72E-14

4.02E-29

7.64E-06

0.000166

2.22E-25

1.56E-13

2.07E-11

0.004326

7.03E-18

0.000546

4.14E-38

3.19E-13

2.1106^ns

4.21E-36

4.85E-23

2.49E-18

G18

1.19E-19

2.72E-14

4.75E-12

0.001629

2.95E-33

7.75E-08

0.2484^ns

0.9258^ns

2.51E-28

1.24E-09

6.40E-07

5.90E-13

7.43E-21

2.02E-25

6.95E-29

1.17E-16

2.49E-18

Size and area parameters of cornelian cherry genotypes at horizontal and vertical orientations

Types	Projected area (mm²)		Equivalent diameter (mm)		Perimeter (mm)

	Horizontal (PA_h)	Vertical (PA_v)	Horizontal (ED_h)	Vertical (ED_v)	Horizontal (P_h)	Vertical (P_v)
G1	198.7 ± 19.3 def	153.3 ± 17.5 bc	15.9 ± 0.8 cde	13.9 ± 0.8 bc	54.1 ± 2.6 de	47.2 ± 3.1 cdef
G2	135.8 ± 15.0 j	94.1 ± 13.2 h	13.1 ± 0.7 h	10.9 ± 0.8 g	45.2 ± 2.7 g	36.5 ± 2.6 i
G3	213.5 ± 24.6 cd	166.0 ± 20.4 ab	16.5 ± 0.9 bcd	14.5 ± 0.9 ab	56.0 ± 3.2 cd	48.6 ± 2.9 bcd
G4	234.4 ± 26.0 ab	150.9 ± 20.5 bc	17.3 ± 1.0 ab	13.8 ± 0.9 bc	61.1 ± 4.0 ab	48.6 ± 3.6 bcd
G5	163.5 ± 19.0 hi	90.9 ± 14.1 h	14.4 ± 0.8 g	10.7 ± 0.8 g	50.7 ± 3.2 f	38.7 ± 3.6 hi
G6	193.1 ± 24.0 efg	142.7 ± 21.0 cd	15.7 ± 1.0 def	13.4 ± 1.0 cd	53.4 ± 3.4 def	47.8 ± 6.0 cde
G7	193.1 ± 17.4 efg	130.2 ± 12.1 de	15.7 ± 0.7 def	12.9 ± 0.6 de	54.0 ± 2.5 de	43.8 ± 2.3 fg
G8	144.9 ± 13.6 ij	98.7 ± 11.3 gh	13.6 ± 0.6 h	11.2 ± 0.6 g	47.3 ± 2.5 g	37.4 ± 2.2 i
G9	245.6 ± 27.7 a	140.8 ± 17.1 cd	17.7 ± 1.0 a	13.4 ± 0.8 cd	61.9 ± 3.6 a	47.4 ± 3.3 cde
G10	182.0 ± 22.4 fgh	143.9 ± 19.9 cd	15.2 ± 0.9 efg	13.5 ± 0.9 cd	52.0 ± 3.2 ef	51.8 ± 6.4 ab
G11	170.6 ± 21.7 h	113.8 ± 16.5 fg	14.7 ± 0.9 g	12.0 ± 0.8 f	52.3 ± 4.5 ef	41.9 ± 3.4 gh
G12	175.1 ± 23.3 gh	145.2 ± 20.6 cd	14.9 ± 1.0 fg	13.6 ± 1.0 cd	52.0 ± 3.2 ef	46.4 ± 3.3 cdef
G13	199.7 ± 19.8 cdef	123.9 ± 13.4 ef	15.9 ± 0.8 cde	12.5 ± 0.7 ef	54.6 ± 2.7 de	45.4 ± 4.5 defg
G14	245.2 ± 25.4 a	57.6 ± 8.1 i	17.6 ± 0.9 a	8.5 ± 0.6 h	61.4 ± 3.1 ab	28.5 ± 2.0 k
G15	209.1 ± 24.6 cde	140.2 ± 17.3 cd	16.3 ± 1.0 cd	13.3 ± 0.8 cd	55.4 ± 3.6 d	49.5 ± 4.0 bc
G16	219.5 ± 26.5 bc	151.7 ± 18.2 bc	16.7 ± 1.0 bc	13.9 ± 0.8 bc	58.7 ± 4.1 bc	49.7 ± 5.2 bc
G17	203.0 ± 26.2 cde	133.0 ± 21.6 de	16.0 ± 1.0 cd	13.0 ± 1.1 de	55.8 ± 3.7 cd	44.4 ± 4.8 efg
G18	198.0 ± 17.2 def	174.0 ± 14.7 a	15.9 ± 0.7 de	14.9 ± 0.6 a	54.4 ± 2.8 de	53.5 ± 3.5 a

Mean ± SD	194.5 ± 36.9	130.5 ± 33.0	15.7 ± 1.5	12.8 ± 1.7	54.3 ± 5.4	44.8 ± 7.1
Min–max	106.5–318.9	42.1–212.7	11.6–20.1	7.3–16.5	39.7–71.3	24.3–72.5
Sigma (p)	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**	0.000^**
F value	56.941	88.199	59.775	105.217	53.947	74.787

eISSN:: 2083-5965
Język:: Angielski

Częstotliwość wydawania:: 2 razy w roku
Dziedziny czasopisma:: Life Sciences, Plant Science, Zoology, Ecology, other

Kanał RSS czasopisma

Bioactive compounds and physical attributes of Cornus mas genotypes through multivariate approaches

Article Category: Research Article

Data publikacji: 19 wrz 2020

Zakres stron: 189 - 202

Otrzymano: 08 lip 2020

Przyjęty: 18 sie 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2020-0018

Słowa kluczowe
cranberry genotypes, elliptic Fourier analysis, shape features, shape index

© 2020 Bünyamin Demir et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Size and shape parameters of cornelian cherry genotypes

Shape parameters of cornelian cherry fruits at horizontal and vertical orientations

Eigen statistics and vectors for two principle components

Some size and shape parameters of cornelian cherry fruits

Biochemical characteristics of cornelian cherry genotypes

Differences among the genotypes based on Cornus mas contours

Size and area parameters of cornelian cherry genotypes at horizontal and vertical orientations

Bioactive compounds and physical attributes of Cornus mas genotypes through multivariate approaches

Article Category: Research Article

Data publikacji: 19 wrz 2020

Zakres stron: 189 - 202

Otrzymano: 08 lip 2020

Przyjęty: 18 sie 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/fhort-2020-0018

Słowa kluczowecranberry genotypes, elliptic Fourier analysis, shape features, shape index

© 2020 Bünyamin Demir et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Size and shape parameters of cornelian cherry genotypes

Shape parameters of cornelian cherry fruits at horizontal and vertical orientations

Eigen statistics and vectors for two principle components

Some size and shape parameters of cornelian cherry fruits

Biochemical characteristics of cornelian cherry genotypes

Differences among the genotypes based on Cornus mas contours

Size and area parameters of cornelian cherry genotypes at horizontal and vertical orientations

Słowa kluczowe
cranberry genotypes, elliptic Fourier analysis, shape features, shape index