This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Martins F, Sofiya L, Sykiotis GP, et al. Adverse effects of immune-checkpoint inhibitors: epidemiology, management and surveillance. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2019;May 15. doi:10.1038/s41571-019-0218-0.MartinsFSofiyaLSykiotisGPAdverse effects of immune-checkpoint inhibitors: epidemiology, management and surveillanceNat Rev Clin Oncol2019May1510.1038/s41571-019-0218-031092901Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Postow M, Wolchok J. Patient selection criteria and toxicities associated with checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy 2018. Uptodate.com.PostowMWolchokJPatient selection criteria and toxicities associated with checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy 2018Uptodate.com.Search in Google Scholar
Haanen JBAG, Carbonnel F, Robert C, et al. Management of toxicities from immunotherapy: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2017; Jul 1;28(suppl_4):iv119–iv142. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdx225.HaanenJBAGCarbonnelFRobertCManagement of toxicities from immunotherapy: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-upAnn Oncol2017Jul128suppl_4iv119iv14210.1093/annonc/mdx22528881921Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Johncilla M, Misdraji J, Pratt DS, et al. Ipilimumab-associated hepatitis: clinicopathologic characterization in a series of 11 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2015;39.JohncillaMMisdrajiJPrattDSIpilimumab-associated hepatitis: clinicopathologic characterization in a series of 11 casesAm J Surg Pathol20153910.1097/PAS.000000000000045326034866Search in Google Scholar
Kim KW, Ramaiya NH, Krajewski KM, et al. Ipilimumab associated hepatitis: imaging and clinicopathological findings. Invest New Drugs. 2013;31.KimKWRamaiyaNHKrajewskiKMIpilimumab associated hepatitis: imaging and clinicopathological findingsInvest New Drugs20133110.1007/s10637-013-9939-623408334Search in Google Scholar
Karamchandani, D. M., Chetty, R. Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced gastrointestinal and hepatic injury: pathologists’ perspective. J Clin Pathol. 2018;71: 665–671.KaramchandaniD. M.ChettyR.Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced gastrointestinal and hepatic injury: pathologists’ perspectiveJ Clin Pathol20187166567110.1136/jclinpath-2018-20514329703758Search in Google Scholar
Ziemer M, Koukoulioti E, Beyer S, et al. Managing immune checkpoint-inhibitor-induced severe autoimmune-like hepatitis by liver-directed topical steroids. J Hepatology. 2017;66(3):657–659.ZiemerMKoukouliotiEBeyerSManaging immune checkpoint-inhibitor-induced severe autoimmune-like hepatitis by liver-directed topical steroidsJ Hepatology201766365765910.1016/j.jhep.2016.11.01527908801Search in Google Scholar
Aivazian K., et al. Histopathology of pembrolizumab-induced hepatitis: a case report. Pathology. 2017;49(7):789–792.AivazianK.Histopathology of pembrolizumab-induced hepatitis: a case reportPathology201749778979210.1016/j.pathol.2017.07.01029079004Search in Google Scholar
Friedman CF, Horvat TZ, Minehart J, et al. Efficacy and safety of checkpoint blockade for treatment of advanced melanoma (mel) in patients (pts) age 80 and older (80+). J Clin Oncology. 2016;34(15_Suppl.):10009.FriedmanCFHorvatTZMinehartJEfficacy and safety of checkpoint blockade for treatment of advanced melanoma (mel) in patients (pts) age 80 and older (80+)J Clin Oncology20163415_Suppl.1000910.1200/JCO.2016.34.15_suppl.10009Search in Google Scholar
European Medicine Agency Keytruda (pembrolizumab) authorization. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/keytruda.European Medicine Agency Keytruda (pembrolizumab) authorizationhttps://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/keytruda.Search in Google Scholar
Wu Z, Lai L, Li M, Zhang L, Zhang W. Acute liver failure caused by pembrolizumab in a patient with pulmonary metastatic liver cancer: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(51):e9431. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000009431.WuZLaiLLiMZhangLZhangWAcute liver failure caused by pembrolizumab in a patient with pulmonary metastatic liver cancer: A case reportMedicine (Baltimore)20179651e943110.1097/MD.0000000000009431575827429390572Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Naidoo J, Page DB, Li BT, et al. Toxicities of the anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 immune checkpoint antibodies. Ann Oncol. 2015;26:2375–2591.NaidooJPageDBLiBTToxicities of the anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 immune checkpoint antibodiesAnn Oncol2015262375259110.1093/annonc/mdv383626786726371282Search in Google Scholar
Elias R, Karantanos T, Sira E, et al. Immunotherapy comes of age: immune aging & checkpoint inhibitors. J Geriatr Oncol. 2017;8(3):229–235.EliasRKarantanosTSiraEImmunotherapy comes of age: immune aging & checkpoint inhibitorsJ Geriatr Oncol20178322923510.1016/j.jgo.2017.02.00128223073Search in Google Scholar
Daste A, Domblides C, Gross-Goupil M, et al. Immune checkpoint inhibitors and elderly people: a review. Eur J Cancer. 2017;82:155–166.DasteADomblidesCGross-GoupilMImmune checkpoint inhibitors and elderly people: a reviewEur J Cancer20178215516610.1016/j.ejca.2017.05.04428689093Search in Google Scholar
Brahmer JR, Lacchetti C, Schneider BJ, et al. Management of immune related adverse events in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2018;Jun 10;36(17):1714–1768. doi:10.1200/JCO.2017.77.6385.BrahmerJRLacchettiCSchneiderBJManagement of immune related adverse events in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guidelineJ Clin Oncol2018Jun1036171714176810.1200/JCO.2017.77.6385648162129442540Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Thompson JA, Schneider BJ, Brahmer J et al. Management of immunotherapy related toxicities, Version 2.2019–April 8, 2019. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology.ThompsonJASchneiderBJBrahmerJManagement of immunotherapy related toxicities, Version 2.2019–April 8, 2019NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in OncologySearch in Google Scholar
Suzman DL, Pelosof L, Rosenberg A, et al. Hepatotoxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors: An evolving picture of risk associated with a vital class of immunotherapy agents. Liver Int, 2018;38:976–987.SuzmanDLPelosofLRosenbergAHepatotoxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors: An evolving picture of risk associated with a vital class of immunotherapy agentsLiver Int20183897698710.1111/liv.1374629603856Search in Google Scholar
Kleiner DE, Berman D. Pathologic changes in ipilimumab-related hepatitis in patients with metastatic melanoma. Dig Dis Sci. 2012;57:2233.KleinerDEBermanDPathologic changes in ipilimumab-related hepatitis in patients with metastatic melanomaDig Dis Sci201257223310.1007/s10620-012-2140-5379248522434096Search in Google Scholar
Holstein Y, Kapiteijn E, Bastiaannet E, van den Bos F, Portielje J, de Glas NA. Efficacy and adverse events of immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors in older patients with cancer. Drugs Aging. 2019 Oct;36(10):927–938. doi:10.1007/s40266-019-00697-2. PMID: 31317421; PMCID: PMC6764930.HolsteinYKapiteijnEBastiaannetEvan den BosFPortieljeJde GlasNAEfficacy and adverse events of immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors in older patients with cancerDrugs Aging2019Oct361092793810.1007/s40266-019-00697-2PMID: 31317421; PMCID: PMC6764930676493031317421Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
Singh H, Kim G, Maher VE, et al. FDA subset analysis of the safety of nivolumab in elderly patients with advanced cancers. J Clin Oncology. 2016;34(15_Suppl.):10010.SinghHKimGMaherVEFDA subset analysis of the safety of nivolumab in elderly patients with advanced cancersJ Clin Oncology20163415_Suppl.1001010.1200/JCO.2016.34.15_suppl.10010Search in Google Scholar
Gomes F, Woolley S, Califano R, et al. MA 1007 elderly lung cancer patients on immunotherapy: preliminary results from the ELDERS study. J Thorac Oncol. 2017;12(11):S1841–1842.GomesFWoolleySCalifanoRMA 1007 elderly lung cancer patients on immunotherapy: preliminary results from the ELDERS studyJ Thorac Oncol20171211S1841184210.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.538Search in Google Scholar
Bellmunt J, de Wit R, Vaughn DJ, et al. Pembrolizumab as second-line therapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2017;376:1015.BellmuntJde WitRVaughnDJPembrolizumab as second-line therapy for advanced urothelial carcinomaN Engl J Med2017376101510.1056/NEJMoa1613683563542428212060Search in Google Scholar
Balar AV, Castellano D, O’Donnell PH, et al. First-line pembrolizumab in cisplatin-ineligible patients with locally advanced and unresectable or metastatic urothelial cancer (KEYNOTE-052): a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol 2017;18:1483.BalarAVCastellanoDO’DonnellPHFirst-line pembrolizumab in cisplatin-ineligible patients with locally advanced and unresectable or metastatic urothelial cancer (KEYNOTE-052): a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 studyLancet Oncol201718148310.1016/S1470-2045(17)30616-228967485Search in Google Scholar
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). Version 5.0. November 27, 2017.U.S. Department of Health and Human Services National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). Version 5.0November272017Search in Google Scholar
Chmiel KD, Suan D, Liddle C. Resolution of severe ipilimumab-induced hepatitis after antithymocyte globulin therapy. J Clin Oncol. 2011;Mar;29(9):e237–40.ChmielKDSuanDLiddleCResolution of severe ipilimumab-induced hepatitis after antithymocyte globulin therapyJ Clin Oncol2011Mar299e2374010.1200/JCO.2010.32.220621220617Search in Google Scholar