The development of Southeast Asia’s digital economy: current status, development motivation and challenges

1 UNCTAD (2019). Digital Economy Report 2019. Retrieved from: https://unctad.org/system/files/officialdocument/der2019_en.pdf. Search in Google Scholar

2 Google, Temasek, and Bain & Company (2016-2022). e-Conomy SEA report. The e-Conomy SEA is a multiyear research programme launched by Google and Temasek in 2016. Bain & Company joined the programme as lead research partner in 2019. Retrieved from: https://www.bain.com/ or https://economysea.withgoogle.com/home/ or https://www.temasek.com.sg/en/index Search in Google Scholar

3 ASEAN (2021). The ASEAN Digital Master Plan 2025. Retrieved from: https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/ASEAN-Digital-Masterplan-EDITED.pdf Search in Google Scholar

4 Tapscott, D. (1997). The Digital Economy: Promise and Peril In The Age of Networked Intelligence (1st Edition). USA: McGraw-Hill Press. Search in Google Scholar

5 Bukht, R., Heeks, R. (2017). Defining, Conceptualising and Measuring the Digital Economy. Retrieved from: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3431732 Search in Google Scholar

6 G20 Leaders’ Communique Hangzhou Summit (2016). G20 Digital Economy Development and Cooperation Initiative. Retrieved from: http://www.g20chn.org/English/Documents/Current/201609/P020160908736971932404.pdf Search in Google Scholar

7 International Telecommunication Union (2023). Measuring digital development Facts and Figures 2023. Retrieved from: https://www.itu.int/itu-d/reports/statistics/facts-figures-2023/ Search in Google Scholar

8 Huawei GCI (2020). Global Connectivity Index (GCI). Retrieved from: https://www.huawei.com/minisite/gci/en/ Search in Google Scholar

9 International Telecommunication Union (2019). Global Cybersecurity Index (GCI) 2018. Retrieved from: https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-d/opb/str/D-STR-GCI.01-2018-PDF-E.pdf Search in Google Scholar

10 United Nations (2020). The Compendium of Digital Government Initiatives in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Retrieved from: https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/Portals/egovkb/Documents/un/2020-Survey/UNDESA%20Compendium%20of%20Digital%20Government%20Initiatives%20in%20Response%20to%20the%20COVID-19%20Pandemic.pdf Search in Google Scholar

11 Worldometer (2024). South-Eastern Asia Population. Retrieved from: https://www.worldometers.info/ Search in Google Scholar

12 Li, P., Yueji, Q., Xiao, Ch. (2023). Evolution characteristics of the trade between the ASEAN and global major extra-territorial powers since the 1990s. World Regional Studies, 32(8), 63-72. (In Chinese). Search in Google Scholar

13 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the PRC (2021). China-ASEAN Cooperation Facts and Figures: 1991-2021. Retrieved from: https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/web/wjbxw_673019/202201/t20220105_10479078.shtml Search in Google Scholar