[
ALIMI, R. (2014). ARDL Bounds Testing Approach to Cointegration: A Re-Examination of Augmented Fisher Hypothesis in an Open Economy. Asian Journal of Economic Modelling. 2. 103-114. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.8.2014.22.103.114
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ahmed, Sabahat & Meraj, Muhammad & Khan, Afaq & Ali, Ashfaq. (2024). Impact of Research and Development Expenditures on Economic Growth: Evidence from Industrial Development in Pakistan and A Comparison from Developed Countries. Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences. 12. 2098-2109. https://doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i2.2376
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Akaike, H. (1974) A New Look at the Statistical Model Identification. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, AC- 19, 716-723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TAC.1974.1100705
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ali, T. M., Kausar Kiani, A., Bashir, T., & Khan, T. N. (2021). R&D Expenditure as an Accelerator of Economic Growth with Special Reference to Developing Countries. Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies, 7(3), 561-589. https://doi.org/10.26710/jbsee.v7i3.1842
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Amory, Jeffriansyah. (2024). Creative Economy as a Catalyst for Change: A New Strategy to Alleviate Rural Poverty. Indo-Fintech Intellectuals: Journal of Economics and Business. 4. 2732-2746. https://doi.org/10.54373/ifijeb.v4i5.2189
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Argynbekov, Maxat & zeynelgabdin, Altay. (2024). Issues of development of the creative economy in the republic of kazakhstan. Public Administration and Civil Service. 91. 86-105. https://doi.org/10.52123/1994-2370-2024-1242
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Baitenizov, Daniyar & Dubina, Igor & Campbell, David & Carayannis, Elias & Azatbek, Tolkyn. (2019). Freelance as a Creative Mode of Self-employment in a New Economy (a Literature Review). Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-018-0574-5
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bolatbek, Y., Niyetalina, G., Garcia Laborda, J., & Akhmetova, Z. (2024). The role of marketing and advertising in the integration and development of creative industries in the international classification. Journal of Economic Research &Amp; Business Administration, 150(4), 79–90. https://doi.org/10.26577/be.2024.150.i4.a6
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Breusch, T. S. (1978). Testing for autocorrelation in dynamic linear models. Australian Economic Papers, 17(31), 334–355. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8454.1978.tb00635.x
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Breusch, T.S. and Pagan, A.R. (1979) A Simple Test for Heteroscedasticity and Random Coefficient Variation. Econometrica, 47, 1287-1294. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1911963
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bridgstock, Ruth & Hearn, Greg. (2012). A conceptual model of capability learning for the twenty-first-century knowledge economy. Handbook on the Knowledge Economy, Volume Two. 105-122. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781781005132.00015
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Brizhak, Olga & Polyakov, Ruslan. (2022). Creative Impetus for the Development of Innovation Clusters of the Russian Economy. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05778-6_10
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Brown, R. L., Durbin, J., & Evans, J. M. (1975). Techniques for Testing the Constancy of Regression Relationships over Time. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological), 37(2), 149–192. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2984889
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bulochnikov, P. & Evmenov, A. (2025). Creative industries as a factor in the socio-economic development of the Northwestern Federal District in the context of digital transformation. Economics and Management. 30. 1455-1473. https://doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2024-12-1455-1473
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Creative Economy Outlook (2024). UN Trade and Development, https://doi.org/10.18356/9789211065558
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74(366), 427–431. https://doi.org/10.2307/2286348
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Dzhakisheva. У., Cherep А., Kanabekova М., & Meldebekova А. (2024). Creative economy as a key to solving economic issues of modern society. Journal of Economic Research &Amp; Business Administration, 2(148), 32–42. https://doi.org/10.26577/be.2024-148-b2-03
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Fahmi, F. Z., McCann, P., & Koster, S. (2017). Creative economy policy in developing countries: The case of Indonesia. Urban Studies, 54(6), 1367–1384. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26151420
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Feher, Katalin & Junaidy, Deny & Larasati, Dwinita & Kovacs, Agnes & Rahardjo, Budi. (2017). Creative Industries and Digital Economy – Perspectives from Southeast Asia and Central Europe. https://www.academia.edu/34399803/Creative_Industries_and_Digital_Economy_Perspectives_from_Southeast_Asia_and_Central_Europe
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Florida, Richard. (2003). THE Rise of the Creative Class: And How It’s Transforming Work, Leisure, Community and Everyday Life. Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques, 29. https://doi.org/10.2307/3552294
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Godfrey, L. G. (1978). Testing Against General Autoregressive and Moving Average Error Models when the Regressors Include Lagged Dependent Variables. Econometrica, 46(6), 1293–1301. https://doi.org/10.2307/1913829
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Goel, R. K., & Ram, R. (1994). Research and Development Expenditures and Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Study. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 42(2), 403–411. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1154449
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Haroon, S. & Zeeshan, Q. (2023). The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Software Business Enterprises in Pakistan: Analysis and Implications. Journal of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, 2(2), 123-133. https://doi.org/10.56578/jemse020204
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hidayati, Abna & Bentri, Alwen & Sunarti, Vevi & Cerya, Efni. (2022). Development of Digitalization Program And Establishment of Creative Economic Centers at The Nagari Assistant of UNP In Bisati Padang Pariaman District West Sumatera. Kolokium Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah, 10. 166-174. https://doi.org/10.24036/kolokium.v10i2.536
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Howkins, John. (2002). The Creative Economy: How People Make Money from Ideas. https://archive.org/details/creativeeconomyh0000howk_k3z2/mode/1up?utm_source=chatgpt.com
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Istudor, L. G. (2018). Innovation and entrepreneurship in Romania’s cultural and creative industries. Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence, 12(1), 498–507. https://doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2018-0045
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ivaschenko, Oleksiy, and Shanti Jagannathan. (2025). A review of digital creative industries in Asia: opportunities and policies to foster growth and create high-quality jobs. Manila: Asian Development Bank. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/TCS240434-2
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Jarque, C. M., & Bera, A. K. (1980). Efficient tests for normality, homoscedasticity and serial independence of regression residuals. Economics Letters, 6(3), 255–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(80)90024-5
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kalenyuk, Iryna & Kuznetsova, Nataliya. (2022). Creative Economy in the Global Innovation Process. Міжнародна економічна політика. 101-123. https://doi.org/10.33111/iep.2022.36.05
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kalın, F. (2023). R&D Expenditures and Economic Growth: A Panel Data Analysis For Selected Developing Economies. Industrial Policy, 3(2), 39-46. https://doi.org/10.61192/indpol.1331487
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kichurchak, Marianna. (2023). Information and communication technologies sector development as a factor of forming creative industries in the european union countries: experience of the structural transformation for ukraine. Financial and credit activity problems of theory and practice. 1. 399–408. https://doi.org/10.55643/fcaptp.1.48.2023.3934
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Knell, J., & Oakley, K. (2007). London’s Creative Economy: An Accidental Success? https://creativeindustrieslondon.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/accidental-success-1.pdf
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ljung, G. M., & George E. P. Box. (1979). The Likelihood Function of Stationary Autoregressive-Moving Average Models. Biometrika, 66(2), 265–270. https://doi.org/10.2307/2335657
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lupu, R., Komorowski, M., Lewis, J., & Fodor, M.M. (2025). Research, Development and Innovation in the Creative Industries: Reframing Our Understanding of the Creative Economy (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003481805
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lyck, L. (2013). Innovation and “Creative Economy”. Paper presented at The 6th International Conference on Baltic Sea Parliamentary Cooperation, Berlin, Germany. https://research-api.cbs.dk/ws/portalfiles/portal/58852656/Lyck_1_.pdf
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Maia, A. L. M. D. & Frogeri, R. F. (2023). Optimizing Business Value via It Governance Mechanisms: An Examination of SMEs in Southern Minas Gerais, Brazil. Journal of Operational and Strategic Analytics, 1(3), 106-114. https://doi.org/10.56578/josa010301
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Mann, L., & Chan, J. (Eds.). (2011). Creativity and Innovation in Business and Beyond: Social Science Perspectives and Policy Implications (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203833063
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Martial, Tri & Pasha, T. & Badrudin, Rudy & Sitompul, Gabriel. (2024). Creative Economy as a Driver of Economic Growth in the Digital Era. Nomico. 1. 8-15. https://doi.org/10.62872/t2w8cy65
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Matthews, M. Science and Innovation Policy and the New (and Old) Economics of Creativity. Cultural Science, 2008, Sciendo, vol. 1 no. 1, https://doi.org/10.5334/csci.8
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Maulina, R. (2020). Innovation and creativity as capital in the creative economy sector. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Business, Economic, Social Science, and Humanities – Humanities and Social Sciences Track (ICOBEST-HSS 2019), 127–130. Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200108.026
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Moussir, C.E. (2025). Morocco’s Economic Prospects: A Dynamic ARDL Simulation on Global Value Chain Integration. Economics - innovative and economics research journal, 13(1), 179–196. https://doi.org/10.2478/eoik-2025-0009
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Muchira, John. (2023). Digital media and creative economy potential on youth employment in Kenya: a grounded theory perspective. Information and Learning Sciences. 124. 10.1108/ILS-03-2022-0043. Creative Economy Outlook (2024). UN Trade and Development, https://doi.org/10.18356/9789211065558
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Nurumov, Aldanysh. (2023). Strategic Guidelines for the Development of Small and Medium-sized Businesses: Evidence of Kazakhstan. Montenegrin Journal of Economics. 19. https://doi.org/10.14254/1800-5845/2023.19-4.15
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Panjawa, Jihad & Ratnasari, Emma & Hutajulu, Dinar & Samsudin, Mohamad & Lestari, Puji & Ernawati, Dhanik & Purna, Fitra. (2024). Investigating the Key Drivers of Career Selection in the Creative Economy Sector. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan, 315-338. https://doi.org/10.23917/jep.v25i2.24066
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Level Relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289–326. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2678547
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Polishchuk, O. & Gracheva, N. & Dushkina, V. & Kovaleva, M. (2025). The state and development trends of the creative economy. Proceedings of the Southwest State University. Series: Economics. Sociology. Management. 14. 105-119. https://doi.org/10.21869/2223-1552-2024-14-6-105-119
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Potts, Jason & Cunningham, Stuart. (2008). Four Models of the Creative Industries. Revue d’économie politique. Volume 120. 163-180. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286630802281780
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Saehu, Muhammad & Ansori, Ansori & Suharto, Suharto & Purnamasari, Desy & Simbolon, Gallex. (2023). Realizing the Narrative: Higher Education Strategies as Creative Economy Agents in Indonesia. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 15. 1471-1479. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v15i2.3079
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Santos Vieira de Jesus, Diego. (2019). The unfulfilled promise of education for creative economy in Brazil. International Journal of Innovation Education and Research, 7. 146-156. https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.Vol7.Iss5.1485
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Saparova, N., Kireyeva, A., Orynbet, P., Alimbekova, G., & Amirova, A. (2023). Analysis of the development level of higher educational institutions in the regions of Kazakhstan. Management, 21(2), 244-256. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.21(2).2023.26
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sava, Diana Cristina & Badulescu, Alina. (2016). Implications of the creative economy: cultural employment. Emerging Markets Economics and Business. Contributions of Young Researchers. Proceedings of the 7th Conference of Doctoral Students in Economic Sciences, 4. 166 - 169. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316880176_IMPLICATIONS_OF_THE_CREATIVE_ECONOMY_CULTURAL_EMPLOYMENT
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Serikkyzy, A. & Baktymbet, A. & Baktymbet, S. & Dadabayeva, D. (2023). Digital technology and development of creative industry. Bulletin of Turan University. 188-199. https://doi.org/10.46914/1562-2959-2023-1-4-188-199
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Setiawati, Rini & Mubasit, & Hidayat, Rahmat. (2023). Digitalization in Promoting Women’s Empowerment and a Post-Pandemi Creative Economy. West Science Journal Economic and Entrepreneurship, 1. 209-218. https://doi.org/10.58812/wsjee.v1i03.156
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Shevchenko, I. (2023). A Methodical Approach to Determining the Level of Development of Digital Trade in Global Markets. Collection of papers new economy, 196-216. https://doi.org/10.61432/CPNE0101196s
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Shkarina, Vera. (2024). Intellectual Capital and Management System in Creative Economy Organizations. Public Administration. E-journal (Russia). 103-115. https://doi.org/10.55959/MSU2070-1381-106-2024-103-115
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Skippington, P. (2016). Innovation and Creativity as Drivers of Contemporary Society. In Harnessing the Bohemian: Artists as innovation partners in rural and remote communities, 67–90. ANU Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1q1crpj.11
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sukomardojo, Tekat & Anwar, Fahrizal & Djalipa, Dedi & Barki, Khotimatul & Zainurossalamia Za, Saida. (2023). Creative economy branding: conquering markets through innovation and brand excellence. Branding Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis, 2, 54-64. https://doi.org/10.15575/jb.v2i1.29165
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Temerbulatova, Zhansaya & Zhuparova, Aziza & Nussyupayeva, Aygerim. (2021). Statistics in the field of creative industries: review of methodological basis. The economy: strategy and practice, 15, 132-140. https://doi.org/10.51176/JESP/issue_4_T12
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Toni, N. (2025). Supply Chain Sustainability and Financial Performance: The Role of E-Commerce, Digital Banking and Digital Marketing of SMEs. Economics - innovative and economics research journal, 13(1), 487–507. https://doi.org/10.2478/eoik-2025-0027
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Tung, L.T. and Hoang, L. N. (2024), Impact of R&D expenditure on economic growth: evidence from emerging economies, Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management, 15(3), 636-654. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTPM-08-2022-0129
]Search in Google Scholar
[
UK Department of Culture, Media and Sport & Creative Industries Taskforce. (1998). Creative Industries 1998: Mapping Documents. London, UK: DCMS. http://www.creativitycultureeducation.org/creative-industries-mapping-document-1998
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Umiyati, Etik & Zevaya, Faradina & Syaparuddin. (2023). Digitalization of Creative Economy Subsectors in Southern Sumatra (A Macro Quantıtatıve Analysıs Approach – Dıgıtal Entrepreneurshıp Academy Survey). Global Conference on Business and Social Sciences Proceeding, 15, 38-38. https://doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2023.1(38)
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ummul Hidayah, Debby & Kusuma, Tyas & Nurhayati, Septi & Rachmandha, Fajri & Fadilah, Astriditiya. (2024). Knowledge Management System to Increase Sharing of Knowledge of Creative Economy Products. SISTEMASI, 13, 2661. https://doi.org/10.32520/stmsi.v13i6.4681
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Veselá, Dagmar & Klimová, Katarína. (2014). Knowledge-based Economy vs. Creative Economy. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.05.072
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Vlasenko, T. (2023). Dimensions of the Analysis of the Organizational Culture of Multinational Companies. Collection of papers new economy, 1, 110-125. https://doi.org/10.61432/CPNE0101110v
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Vlasenko, Tetiana & Pozniak, Mariana. (2020). Digitalization in creative industry for skill development. Young Scientist, 10. https://doi.org/10.32839/2304-5809/2020-10-86-3
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Yusri, M., Cemda, A. R., & Siregar, S. (2022). Empowering Regional Development with Quadruple Helix Creative Industry Model. Journal of Urban Development and Management, 1(1), 17-25. https://doi.org/10.56578/judm010103
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Zhao X, Shen L, Jiang Z (2024) The impact of the digital economy on creative industries development: Empirical evidence based on the China. PLoS ONE 19(3): e0299232. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0299232
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Zhuparova, A. & Asilova, A. & Isataeva, G. (2023). Education as a factor in the development of a creative economy: a scientific synthesis of research evaluation. Central Asian Economic Review. 72-93. https://doi.org/10.52821/2789-4401-2023-2-72-93
]Search in Google Scholar