Environmental Kuznets Curve for CO₂ emissions: An analysis for developing, Middle East, OECD and OPEC countries

Al-Mulali U., Weng-Wai C., Sheau-Ting L., Mohammed A. H. 2015. Investigating the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis by utilizing the ecological footprint as an indicator of environmental degradation. Ecological Indicators, 48: 315–323.10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.08.029Search in Google Scholar

Apergis N., Ozturk I. 2015. Testing Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis in Asian Countries. Ecological Indicators, 52: 16–22.10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.11.026Search in Google Scholar

Arellano M. 1987. PRACTITIONERS’CORNER: Computing Robust Standard Errors for Within-groups Estimators. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 49, 4: 431–434.10.1111/j.1468-0084.1987.mp49004006.xSearch in Google Scholar

Arellano M., Bond S. 1991. Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations. The Review of Economic Studies, 58, 2: 277–297.10.2307/2297968Search in Google Scholar

Arouri M.E.H., Youssef A.B., M’Henni H., Rault C. 2012. Energy consumption, economic growth and CO₂ emissions in Middle East and North African countries. Energy Policy, 45: 342–349.10.1016/j.enpol.2012.02.042Search in Google Scholar

Arrow K., Bolin B., Costanza R., Dasgupta P., Folke C., Holling C.S., Jansson B., Levin S., Maler K.G., Perrings C., Pimentel D. 1996. Economic growth, carrying capacity and the environment. Environment and Development Economics, 1: 104–110.10.1017/S1355770X00000413Search in Google Scholar

Aslan A., Destek M.A., Okumus I., 2018. Bootstrap rolling window estimation approach to analysis of the Environment Kuznets Curve hypothesis: evidence from the USA. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, 3: 2402–2408.10.1007/s11356-017-0548-3Search in Google Scholar

Baltagi B. 2008. Econometric analysis of panel data. John Wiley & Sons.Search in Google Scholar

Bilgili F., Koçak E., Bulut Ü. 2016. The dynamic impact of renewable energy consumption on CO₂ emissions: a revisited Environmental Kuznets Curve approach. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 54: 838–845.10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.080Search in Google Scholar

Boden T.A., Marland G., Andres R.J. 2011. Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO2 Emissions. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., U.S.A.10.3334/CDIAC/00001_V2010Search in Google Scholar

Cole M.A. 2004. Trade, the pollution haven hypothesis and the environmental Kuznets curve: examining the linkages. Ecological Economics, 48, 1: 71–81.10.1016/j.ecolecon.2003.09.007Search in Google Scholar

Dehnavi J., Haghnejad A. 2012. Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, and pollution in Selected OPEC Countries: Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis. Journal of Academic Research in Economics, 4, 2: 149–166.Search in Google Scholar

Dinda S. 2004. Environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: a survey. Ecological Economics, 49, 4: 431–455.10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.02.011Search in Google Scholar

Dogan E., Seker F., 2016. Determinants of CO2 emissions in the European Union: The role of renewable and non-renewable energy. Renewable Energy, 94: 429–439.10.1016/j.renene.2016.03.078Search in Google Scholar

Fodha M., Zaghdoud O. 2010. Economic Growth and Pollutant Emissions in Tunisia: An Empirical Analysis of the Environmental Kuznets Curve. Energy Policy, 38, 2: 1150–1156.10.1016/j.enpol.2009.11.002Search in Google Scholar

Friedl B., Getzner M. 2003. Determinants of CO₂ emissions in a small open economy. Ecological Economics, 45, 1: 133–148.10.1016/S0921-8009(03)00008-9Search in Google Scholar

Grossman G.M., Krueger A.B. 1995. Economic growth and the environment. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110, 2: 353–377.10.2307/2118443Search in Google Scholar

Hausman J.A. 1978. Specification tests in econometrics. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 46, 6: 1251–1271.10.2307/1913827Search in Google Scholar

Holtz-Eakin D., Selden T.M. 1995. Stoking the fires? CO₂ emissions and economic growth. Journal of Public Economics, 57, 1: 85–101.10.1016/0047-2727(94)01449-XSearch in Google Scholar

Jebli M.B., Youssef S.B., Ozturk I. 2016. Testing environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: The role of renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and trade in OECD countries. Ecological Indicators, 60: 824–831.10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.08.031Search in Google Scholar

Keiser N.F. 1964. Macroeconomics, Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth. John Wiley & Sons.Search in Google Scholar

Kuznets S. 1955. Economic growth and income inequality. American Economic Review, 45, 1: 1–28.Search in Google Scholar

Lacheheb M., Rahim A.S.A., Sirag A., 2015. Economic growth and CO₂ emissions: Investigating the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in Algeria. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 5, 4: 1125–1132.Search in Google Scholar

Lantz V., Feng Q. 2006. Assessing income, population, and technology impacts on CO₂ emissions in Canada: where’s the EKC? Ecological Economics, 57, 2: 229–238.10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.04.006Search in Google Scholar

Lindmark M. 2002. An EKC-pattern in historical perspective: carbon dioxide emissions, technology, fuel prices and growth in Sweden 1870–1997. Ecological Economics, 42, 1–2: 333–347.10.1016/S0921-8009(02)00108-8Search in Google Scholar

Lorente D.B., Álvarez-Herranz A. 2016. Economic growth and energy regulation in the environmental Kuznets curve. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23, 16: 16478–16494.10.1007/s11356-016-6773-3Search in Google Scholar

Martínez-Zarzoso I., Bengochea-Morancho A. 2004. Pooled mean group estimation of an environmental Kuznets curve for CO₂. Economics Letters, 82, 1: 121–126.10.1016/j.econlet.2003.07.008Search in Google Scholar

McConnell K.E. 1997. Income and the demand for environmental quality. Environment and Devolopment Economics, 2, 4: 383–399.10.1017/S1355770X9700020XSearch in Google Scholar

Moomaw W.R., Unruh G.C. 1997. Are environmental Kuznets curve misleading us? The case of CO₂ emissions. Environment and Development Economics, 2, 4: 451–463.10.1017/S1355770X97000247Search in Google Scholar

Ozatac N., Gokmenoglu K.K., Taspinar N. 2017. Testing the EKC hypothesis by considering trade openness, urbanization, and financial development: the case of Turkey. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24, 20: 16690–16701.10.1007/s11356-017-9317-6Search in Google Scholar

Panayotou T. 1993. Empirical test and policy analysis of environmental degradation at different stages of economic development. Working Paper WP238, Technology and Employment Program, International Labour Office.Search in Google Scholar

Perman R., Stern D.I. 2003. Evidence from panel unit root and cointegration tests that the environmental Kuznets curve does not exist. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 47, 3: 325–347.10.1111/1467-8489.00216Search in Google Scholar

Roodman D. 2006. How to do xtabond2: An introduction to difference and system GMM in Stata. Center for Global Development Working Paper No. 103.10.2139/ssrn.982943Search in Google Scholar

Sengupta R. 1996. CO₂ emission–income relationship: policy approach for climate control. Pacific and Asian Journal of Energy, 7, 2: 207–229.Search in Google Scholar

Shafik N., Bandyopadhyay S. 1992. Economic growth and environmental quality: time series and cross section evidence. World Bank Publications. Policy, research working papers. no. WPS 904, World Development Report, World Bank Washington, DC.Search in Google Scholar

Stern D.I., Common M.S. 2001. Is there an environmental Kuznets curve for sulfur? Journals of Environmental Economics and Management, 41, 2: 162–178.10.1006/jeem.2000.1132Search in Google Scholar

Sugiawan Y., Managi S., 2016. The environmental Kuznets curve in Indonesia: Exploring the potential of renewable energy. Energy Policy, 98, C: 187–198.10.1016/j.enpol.2016.08.029Search in Google Scholar

Suri V., Chapman D. 1998. Economic growth, trade and energy: implications for the environmental Kuznets curve. Ecological Economics, 25, 2: 195–208.10.1016/S0921-8009(97)00180-8Search in Google Scholar

Torras M., Boyce J.K. 1998. Income, inequality, and pollution: Reassessment of the environmental Kuznets Curve. Ecological Economics, 25, 2: 147–160.10.1016/S0921-8009(97)00177-8Search in Google Scholar

Ward F.A. 2006. Environmental and Natural Resource Economics. Pearson Prentice Hall.Search in Google Scholar

Weil D.N. 2005. Economic Growth. Pearson Prentice Hall.Search in Google Scholar

White H. 1980. A heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator and a direct test for heteroskedasticity. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 48, 4: 817–838.10.2307/1912934Search in Google Scholar

Zhang Y.J. 2011. The impact of financial development on carbon emissions: an empirical analysis in China. Energy Policy 39, 4: 2197–2203.10.1016/j.enpol.2011.02.026Search in Google Scholar