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Influence of personal variables on entrepreneurial intention: A comparative study between Poland and Spain


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Fig . 1

Theoretical model
Theoretical model

Discriminant analysis. Basic indicators

AUTO- VALUECANONI- CAL COR- RELATIONLAMBDA WILKSSIG.CENTROIDS
SPAINPOLAND
0.9180.6920.5210.000-1.0150.901

Discriminant analysis. Standardised coefficients (SC)

CONSTRUCTITEMSSC
VAVA10.051
VA2-0.186
ATAT10.124
AT2-0.174
MOMO10.218
MO20.277
SESE1-0.091
SE20.097
EIEI1-0.817
EI2-0.205

PLS-GMA Analysis

HYPOTHESISSPAIN PATH (B)POLAND PATH (Β)DIF. PATH (Β)P VALUES
H1: VA → AT0.4530.4360.0170.388
H2: AT →MO0.4750.4210.0540.229
H3: MO → SE0.4950.4570.0380.278
H4: SE → EI0.7030.6410.0620.054

Discriminant validity (Fornell and Larcker criteria)

VAATMOSEEI
VA0.855
AT0.4470.812
MO0.4310.4450.893
SE0.2570.3840.5120.902
EI0.2650.3310.5400.6880.944

Indicators R2, Q2 and GoF

R2AVEQ2
AT0.2000.6590,124
MO0.1980.7980,148
SE0.2630.8130,201
EI0.4730.8900,396
Media0.2840.790
GoF0.474

Valuations, Load (λ), compound reliability (FC) and average extracted variance (AVE)

VARIABLEITEM[%]LOAD ΛFCAVE
VAVA1: I value entrepreneurship as an alternative to employment76.700.8670.8440.730
VA2: I value entrepreneurship because it allows growth77.980.842
ATAT1: Entrepreneurship has more advantages than disadvantages78.360.8060.7940.659
AT2: I am in favour of entrepreneurship and the creation of companies89.680.817
MOMO1: I would be motivated to be an entrepreneur82.660.9160.8880.798
MO2: It would moitvate me to be an entrepreneur to achieve autonomy80.640.870
SESE1: I think I would succeed if I created a company73.430.8810.8970.813
SE2: I have confidence in myself to start a business74.920.922
EIEI1: I intend to be an entrepreneur68.880.9460.9420.890
EI2: In the future, I think I have my own company72.120.942

Description of the sample

GenderCountryTotal
SpainPoland
Male144175319 (44.24%)
Female195207402 (55.76%)
Total339 (47.02%)382 (52.98%)N=721

Direct relationships and their significance (β)

HYPOTHESIS(B)TPCONFIRM.
H1: VA → AT0.44714.3880.000Yes
H2: AT →MO0.44512.5150.000Yes
H3: MO → SE0.51217.9730.000Yes
H4: SE → EI0.68837.1140.000Yes