Ethiopian Tourism, Legislation Gaps, and Implementation Challenges: A Study in Amhara Region
oraz | 29 cze 2022
O artykule
Article Category: Research Article
Data publikacji: 29 cze 2022
Zakres stron: 219 - 229
Otrzymano: 08 paź 2020
Przyjęty: 10 gru 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ejthr-2021-0020
Słowa kluczowe
© 2022 Engdu Gebrewold Weldesenbet et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Economic Challenges
| 1 | There is a lack of holistic focus on tourism as part of the core economy | 3.54 | 1.136 |
| 2 | There is concentration on numbers rather than yield | 3.66 | 1.010 |
| 3 | There is short-term focus on tourism legislation | 3.34 | 1.236 |
| 4 | There are budget restrictions for enforcement of legislation | 3.71 | 1.159 |
Stakeholder Support–Related Challenges
| 1 | There is a lack of integration/coordination with other sectors (Agriculture, trade, transport, etc...) | 3.72 | 1.045 |
| 2 | There is a lack of integration with other government levels | 3.65 | 1.169 |
| 3 | There is a lack of participation from other stakeholders | 3.68 | 1.092 |
| 4 | There is a loss of long-term vision & commitment | 3.35 | 1.134 |
| 5 | There is a lack of stakeholder involvement | 3.48 | 1.069 |
Tourism Legislation Suitability
| 1 | Ethiopian tourism legislation has clearly defined its purpose and method of elaborating | 2.93 | 1.067 |
| 2 | Ethiopian tourism legislation defines the most relevant target groups | 3.03 | .975 |
| 3 | Ethiopian tourism legislation builds on other plans and strategies | 2.95 | 1.005 |
| 4 | Ethiopian tourism legislation takes into account the impact of selected global factors | 2.91 | 1.122 |
| 5 | Ethiopian tourism legislation takes into account the impact of selected local factors | 3.07 | 1.141 |
| 6 | Ethiopian tourism legislation analyses the situation in other destinations | 2.82 | 1.066 |
| 7 | Ethiopian tourism legislation deals with the internal sources of destination | 3.12 | 1.004 |
| 8 | Ethiopian tourism legislation evaluates the resources according to their ability to create a competitive advantage | 2.81 | 1.081 |
| 9 | Ethiopian tourism legislation clearly and understandable summarises the results of particular analyses | 2.82 | 1.077 |
| 10 | Ethiopian tourism legislation contains a tourism development vision | 3.18 | 1.266 |
| 11 | Ethiopian tourism legislation has set clear and specific targets | 2.93 | 1.096 |
| 12 | Ethiopian tourism legislation proposes targets in accordance with the conclusions of proceeded analyses | 2.94 | .923 |
| 13 | Ethiopian tourism legislation proposes measures to achieve the vision | 2.92 | 1.037 |
Coordination/Bureaucracy Related Challenges
| 1 | There is a lack of communication between authorities | 3.76 | 1.087 |
| 2 | There is a power struggle between ministries/agencies | 3.31 | .935 |
| 3 | There is lack of legal powers to implement particular laws | 3.33 | .975 |
Reliability Statistics
| Tourism legislation suitability | .914 | 13 |
| Tourism legislation acceptability | .813 | 12 |
| Tourism legislation feasibility | .746 | 5 |
| Stakeholder Support | .922 | 5 |
| Economic | .924 | 4 |
| Coordination/Bureaucracy | .760 | 3 |
| Awareness | .849 | 2 |
| Ambiguity | .842 | 4 |
Tourism Legislation Feasibility
| 1 | Ethiopian tourism legislation identifies the necessary resources for its implementation | 2.73 | 1.050 |
| 2 | Ethiopian tourism legislation defines the responsibility of particular entities for their implementation | 2.84 | 1.060 |
| 3 | Ethiopian tourism legislation defines a timetable for their implementation | 2.94 | .923 |
| 4 | Ethiopian tourism legislation proposes a control system of implementation of laws | 2.92 | 1.037 |
| 5 | Ethiopian tourism legislation proposes the method of updating of laws | 2.84 | 1.000 |
Respondents Background Information
| Sex | Male | 93 | 63.3 |
| Female | 54 | 36.7 | |
| Total | 147 | 100.0 | |
| Age | 20–29 years | 43 | 29.3 |
| 30–39 years | 47 | 32.0 | |
| 40–49 years | 36 | 24.5 | |
| 50–59 years | 21 | 14.3 | |
| Total | 147 | 100.0 | |
| Marital status | Single | 41 | 27.9 |
| Married | 102 | 69.4 | |
| Divorced | 4 | 2.7 | |
| 147 | 100.0 | ||
| Educational level? | Technical and Vocational | 2 | 1.4 |
| First Degree | 94 | 63.9 | |
| Postgraduate | 51 | 34.7 | |
| 147 | 100.0 | ||
| Experience | Less than 10 years | 58 | 39.5 |
| 10–20 years | 58 | 39.5 | |
| 21–30 years | 17 | 11.6 | |
| More than 30 years | 14 | 9.5 | |
| 147 | 100.0 | ||
Tourism Legislations Acceptability
| 1 | Ethiopian tourism legislation reflects the requirements of elderly and handicapped travelers | 2.84 | 1.000 |
| 2 | Ethiopian tourism legislation reflects specific needs of young, individual travelers | 2.72 | 1.058 |
| 3 | Ethiopian tourism legislation reflects specific needs of busy travelers | 2.82 | 1.073 |
| 4 | Ethiopian tourism legislation motivates tourism operators to improve service quality | 2.95 | 1.036 |
| 5 | Ethiopian tourism legislation supports cooperation and coordination of tourism operators | 2.97 | 1.249 |
| 6 | Ethiopian tourism legislation supports environmental-friendly behavior | 2.90 | 1.268 |
| 7 | Ethiopian tourism legislation supports tourist experience products | 2.42 | 1.199 |
| 8 | Ethiopian tourism legislation supports products to improve visitors‘ physical condition | 2.82 | 1.102 |
| 9 | Ethiopian tourism legislation supports products to increase visitors‘ knowledge | 2.65 | 1.139 |
| 10 | Ethiopian tourism legislation supports on-line information and reservation systems | 2.54 | 1.172 |
| 11 | Ethiopian tourism legislation supports integrated communication with target groups of visitors | 2.67 | 1.136 |
| 12 | Ethiopian tourism legislation supports easy movement of visitors among major attractions in the region. | 2.25 | 1.109 |
| 2.71 | 1.128 | ||
Awareness-Related Challenges
| 1 | There is a lack of awareness about the existing legislation | 3.67 | 1.105 |
| 2 | There is a lack of key skills and expertise to enforce legislation | 3.54 | 1.055 |
| Cumulative Mean and Standard Deviation | 3.61 | 1.08 | |
Ambiguity
| 1 | There is a lack of clear definitions in tourism-related laws and penalties | 3.43 | 1.085 |
| 2 | There is a lack of clear structure for roles and responsibilities to enforce legislation | 3.37 | 1.022 |
| 3 | There is a lack of political will | 3.50 | 1.143 |
| 4 | There are weak laws with feeble penalties | 3.43 | 1.104 |