Leisure Attitude, Anxiety, and Mental Well-Being in Turkey: The Case of COVID-19

Figure 1

Figure 2

The distribution of leisure attitude score based on age, education_

		N	X	SD	SE	Min.	Max.
Age	under 18 years old	33	3.8131	.85772	.14931	1.56	5.00
	18–38	334	3.8237	.80375	.04398	1.00	5.00
	39–59	130	4.0050	.64935	.05695	2.33	5.00
	60 years old and above	9	4.4198	.54370	.18123	3.39	5.00
	Total	506	3.8802	.77240	.03434	1.00	5.00
Education	Primary education	26	3.8739	.61394	.12040	2.78	5.00
	High school	107	3.6950	.84648	.08183	1.00	5.00
	Associate (2 years)	82	3.6719	.82364	.09096	1.06	5.00
	Undergraduate (4 years)	226	3.9971	.74762	.04973	1.00	5.00
	Master	39	4.1068	.60957	.09761	2.50	5.00
	Doctorate	26	3.9483	.58780	.11528	2.67	5.00
	Total	506	3.8802	.77240	.03434	1.00	5.00

Confirmatory factor analysis, CR and AVE

Construct	Items	Std.Factor Loadings	C.R.	AVE	Cronbach's α
Cognitive component	Engaging in leisure activities is a wise use of time.	0.750	0.91	0.63	0.92
	Leisure activities are beneficial to individuals and society.	0.802
	Leisure activities contribute to one's health.	0.837
	Leisure activities increase one's happiness.	0.813
	Leisure activities help to renew one's energy.	0.831
	Leisure activities help individuals to relax.	0.774
Affective component	My leisure activities give me pleasure.	0.838	0.86	0.65	0.89
	I feel that leisure is good for me.	0.869
	I like to take my time while I am engaged in leisure activities.	0.695
	My leisure activities are refreshing.	0.569
	I feel that the time I spend on leisure is not wasted.	0.619
	I like my leisure activities.	0.662
Behavioural component	I spend considerable time and effort to be more competent in my leisure activities.	0.640	0.85	0.52	0.85
	I would attend a seminar or a class to be able to do leisure activities better.	0.758
	I support the idea of increasing my free time to engage in leisure activities.	0.566
	I engage in leisure activities even when I am busy.	0.758
	I would spend time in education and preparation for leisure activities.	0.785
	I give my leisure high priority among other activities.	0.721
Mental Well-Being	I’ve been feeling useful.	0.570	0.81	0.60	0.89
	I’ve been feeling relaxed.	0.518
	I’ve had energy to spare.	0.557
	I’ve been dealing with problems well.	0.645
	I’ve been thinking clearly.	0.620
	I’ve been feeling good abaout myself.	0.663
	I’ve been feeling confident.	0.561
	I’ve been feeling cheerful.	0.619
Anxiety	Feeling nervous, anxious or on edge	0.655	0.76	0.55	0.85
	Not being able to stop or control worrying	0.688
	Worrying too much about different things	0.646
	Becoming easily annoyed or irritable	0.558
	Feeling afraid as if something awful might happen	0.598

Difference of leisure attitude perception according to age, marital status and education of the participants

		Sum of Squares	df	Mean Square	f	p
Age	Between Groups	5.860	3	1.953	3.319	.020
	Within Groups	295.424	502	.588
	Total	301.283	505
Marital Status	Between Groups	2.477	2	1.238	2.085	.125
	Within Groups	296.980	500	.594
	Total	299.456	502
Education	Between Groups	12.441	5	2.488	4.307	.001
	Within Groups	288.842	500	.578
	Total	301.283	505

Difference of leisure attitude perception according to gender of the participants

		N	x	SD	t	p
Gender	Female	327	3.9202	.77835	1.577	.115
	Male	180	3.8071	.75811

Correlation matrix_

	N	Mean	SD	1	2	3
1. Leisure Attitude	506	3.8802	.77240	1
2. Anxiety	505	1.8326	.66634	−.155**.000	1
3. Mental Well-being	505	3.9536	.74228	.416**.000	−.437**.000	1