[1. Benowitz, N.L. and J.E. Henningfield: Establishing a Nicotine Threshold for Addiction. The Implications for Tobacco Regulation; N. Engl. J. Med. 331 (1994) 123–125. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM19940714331021210.1056/NEJM1994071433102127818638]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[2. Federal Drug Association (FDA), Commissioner of the FDA: Press Announcements - FDA Announces Comprehensive Regulatory Plan to Shift Trajectory of Tobacco-related Disease, Death; FDA News Release July 28,2017. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-announces-comprehensive-regulatory-plan-shift-trajectory-tobacco-related-disease-death (accessed June 28, 2019).]Search in Google Scholar
[3. Layton, L: FDA Should Use its Power to Lower Nicotine in Cigarettes, Former Chief Says; Washington Post June 17, 2010. Available at http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/06/16/AR2010061605340.html?noredirect=on (accessed June 28, 2019).]Search in Google Scholar
[4. Federal Drug Association (FDA), Commissioner of the FDA: Speeches by FDA Officials - Protecting American Families: Comprehensive Approach to Nicotine and Tobacco; Speech June 28, 2017. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/news-events/speeches-fda-officials/protectingamerican-families-comprehensive-approach-nicotine-and-tobacco-06282017 (accessed June 28, 2019).]Search in Google Scholar
[5. Food and Drug Administration (FDA): Tobacco Product Standard for Nicotine Level of Combusted Cigarettes; 83 Fed. Reg. 11818 (2018). Available at: https://www.federalregister.gov/d/2018-05345 (accessed July 25, 2019).]Search in Google Scholar
[6. National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA): NOT-DA-14-004: Notice of Availability of Nicotine Research Cigarettes through NIDA’s Drug Supply Program; available at: https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-DA-14-004.html (accessed June 28,2019).]Search in Google Scholar
[7. Becker, K.M., J.E. Rose, and A.P. Albino: A Randomized Trial of Nicotine Replacement Therapy in Combination with Reduced-Nicotine Cigarettes for Smoking Cessation; Nicotine Tob. Res. 10 (2008) 1139–1148. DOI: 10.1080/1462220080212329410.1080/1462220080212329418629723]Search in Google Scholar
[8. International Organisation for Standardization (ISO): ISO 3402:1999 Tobacco and Tobacco Products-Atmosphere for Conditioning and Testing; ISO, Geneva, Switzerland, 1999. Available at: https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3402:ed-4:v1:en (accessed July 25, 2019).]Search in Google Scholar
[9. International Organisation for Standardization (ISO): ISO 10362-1:1999 Cigarettes - Determination of Water in Smoke Condensates - Part 1: Gas-Chromatographic Method; ISO, Geneva, Switzerland, 1999. Available at: https://www.iso.org/standard/28322.html (accessed July 25, 2019).]Search in Google Scholar
[10. International Organisation for Standardization (ISO): ISO 8454:2007 Cigarettes - Determination of Carbon Monoxide in the Vapor Phase of Cigarette Smoke-NDIR Method; ISO, Geneva, Switzerland, 2007. Available at: https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:8454:ed-3:v1:en (accessed July 25, 2019).]Search in Google Scholar
[11. International Organisation for Standardization (ISO): ISO 3308:2012 Routine Analytical Cigarette-Smoking Machine - Definitions and Standard Conditions; ISO, Geneva, Switzerland, 2012. Available at: https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:3308:ed-5:v1:en (accessed July 25, 2019).]Search in Google Scholar
[12. International Organisation for Standardization (ISO): ISO 10315:2013 Cigarettes - Determination of Nicotine in Smoke Condensates - Gas-Chromatographic Method; ISO, Geneva, Switzerland, 2013. Available at: https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:10315:ed-3:v2:en (accessed July 25, 2019).]Search in Google Scholar
[13. Brown, A.P., H. Liu, K. Manson, M.S. Melvin, J. Pierotti, Y.B. Pithawalla, J.H. Smith, K. Stutt, and K.A. Wagner: Modification of Standardized Methods for the Measurement of Nicotine in Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes; Presented at the CORESTA Congress October 22–28, 2018 in Kunming, China. ST 29.]Search in Google Scholar
[14. American Association for Laboratory Accreditation: A2LA. Scope of Accreditation to ISO/IEC 17025:2005; Cert. No. 1873.01.2019.]Search in Google Scholar
[15. American Association for Laboratory Accreditation: A2LA. Scope of Accreditation to ISO/IEC 17025:2005; Cert. No. 3198-01.2019.]Search in Google Scholar
[16. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Notice Regarding Revisions to the Laboratory Protocol to Measure the Quantity of Nicotine Contained in Smokeless Tobacco Products Manufactured, Imported, or Packaged in the United States; 74 Fed. Reg. 712 (2009). Available at: https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/FR-2009-01-07/E9-19 (accessed July 25, 2019).]Search in Google Scholar
[17. Cooperation Center for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco (CORESTA): Recommended Method 87: Determination of Nicotine in Tobacco Products by GCMS, April 2018. Available at: https://www.coresta.org/sites/default/files/technical_documents/main/CRM_87-April2018.pdf (accessed June 28, 2019).]Search in Google Scholar
[18. Norman, V.: The Effect of Perforated Tipping Paper on the Yield of Various Smoke Components. Beitr. Tabakforsch. 7 (1974) 282–287. DOI: 10.2478/cttr-2013-034310.2478/cttr-2013-0343]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[19. Denlinger, R.L., T.T. Smith, S.E. Murphy, J.S. Koopmeiners, N.L. Benowitz, D.K. Hatsukami, L.R. Pacek, C. Colino, S.N. Cwalina, and E.C. Donny: Nicotine and Anatabine Exposure from Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes; Tob. Regul. Sci. 2 (2016) 186–203. DOI: 10.18001/TRS.2.2.910.18001/TRS.2.2.9587090429600258]Search in Google Scholar
[20. Donny, E.C., R.L. Denlinger, J.W. Tidey, J.S. Koopmeiners, N.L. Benowitz, R.G. Vandrey, M. al’Absi, S.G. Carmella, P.M. Cinciripini, S.S. Dermody, D.J. Drobes, S.S. Hecht, J. Jensen, T. Lane, C.T. Le, F.J. McClernon, I.D. Montoya, S.E. Murphy, J.D. Robinson, M.L. Stitzer, A.A. Strasser, H. Tindle, and D.K. Hatsukami: Randomized Trial of Reduced-Nicotine Standards for Cigarettes; N. Engl. J. Med. 373 (2015) 1340–1349. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMsa150240310.1056/NEJMsa1502403464268326422724]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[21. Hatsukami, D.K., S.J. Heishman, R. Isaksson Vogel, R.L. Denlinger, A.N. Roper-Batker, K.M. Mackowick, J. Jensen, S.E. Murphy, B.F. Thomas, and E. Donny: Dose-Response Effects of Spectrum Research Cigarettes; Nicotine Tob. Res. 15 (2013) 1113–1121. DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nts24710.1093/ntr/nts247364665223178320]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[22. Hatsukami, D.K., X. Luo, L. Dick, M. Kangkum, S.S. Allen, S.E. Murphy, S.S. Hecht, P.G. Shields, and M. al’Absi: Reduced Nicotine Content Cigarettes and Use of Alternative Nicotine Products: Exploratory Trial; Addiction 112 (2017) 156–167. DOI: 10.1111/add.1360310.1111/add.13603524966227614097]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[23. Pacek, L.R., R. Vandrey, S.S. Dermody, R.L. Denlinger-Apte, A. Lemieux, J.W. Tidey, F.J. McClernon, A.S. Bangdiwala, D.J. Drobes, M. al’Absi, A.A. Strasser, J.S. Koopmeiners, D.K. Hatsukami, and E.C. Donny: Evaluation of a Reduced Nicotine Product Standard: Moderating Effects of and Impact on Cannabis Use; Drug Alcohol Depend. 167 (2016) 228–232. DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.08.62010.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.08.620503704127590743]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[24. Foulds, J., A. Hobkirk, E. Wasserman, J. Richie, S. Veldheer, N.M. Krebs, L. Reinhart, and J. Muscat: Estimation of Compliance with Exclusive Smoking of Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes Using Plasma Cotinine; Prev. Med. 117 (2018) 24–29. DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.04.01110.1016/j.ypmed.2018.04.011642234829626556]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[25. Robinson, J.D., G. Kypriotakis, M. Karam-Hage, C.E. Green, D.K. Hatsukami, P.M. Cinciripini, and E.C. Donny: Cigarette Nicotine Content as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Negative Affect and Smoking; Nicotine Tob. Res. 19 (2017) 1080–1086. DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx06810.1093/ntr/ntx068589649728371900]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[26. Shiffman, S., B.F. Kurland, S.M. Scholl, and J.M. Mao: Nondaily Smokers’ Changes in Cigarette Consumption with Very Low-Nicotine-Content Cigarettes: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial; JAMA Psychiatry 75 (2018) 995-1002. DOI:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.183110.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1831623381029902305]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[27. Tidey, J.W., L.R. Pacek, J.S. Koopmeiners, R. Vandrey, N. Nardone, D.J. Drobes, N.L. Benowitz, S.S. Dermody, A. Lemieux, R.L. Denlinger, R. Cassidy, M. al’Absi, D.K. Hatsukami, and E.C. Donny: Effects of 6-Week Use of Reduced-Nicotine Content Cigarettes in Smokers with and Without Elevated Depressive Symptoms; Nicotine Tob. Res. 19 (2017) 59–67. DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw19910.1093/ntr/ntw199515771527613885]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[28. Hatsukami, D.K., X. Luo, J.A. Jensen, M. al’Absi, S.S. Allen, S.G. Carmella, M. Chen, P.M. Cinciripini, R. Denlinger-Apte, D.J. Drobes, J.S. Koopmeiners, T. Lane, C.T. Le, S. Leischow, K. Luo, F.J. McClernon, S.E. Murphy, V. Paiano, J.D. Robinson, H. Severson, C. Sipe, A.A. Strasser, L.G. Strayer, M.K. Tang, R. Vandrey, S.S. Hecht, N.L. Benowitz, and E.C. Donny: Effect of Immediate vs Gradual Reduction in Nicotine Content of Cigarettes on Biomarkers of Smoke Exposure: A Randomized Clinical Trial; JAMA 320 (2018) 880–891. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2018.1147310.1001/jama.2018.11473637224030193275]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[29. Kamens, H.M., C.P. Silva, R.T. Nye, C.N. Miller, N. Singh, J. Sipko, N. Trushin, D. Sun, S.A. Branstetter, J.E. Muscat, J.P. Richie, and J. Foulds: Pharmacokinetic Profile of Spectrum Reduced Nicotine Cigarettes; Nicotine Tob. Res. (2019) ntz045. DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntz045. [Epub ahead of print]10.1093/ntr/ntz045.[Epubaheadprint]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[30. Benowitz, N.L., N. Nardone, K.M. Dains, S.M. Hall, S. Stewart, D. Dempsey, and P. Jacob: Effect of Reducing the Nicotine Content of Cigarettes on Cigarette Smoking Behavior and Tobacco Smoke Toxicant Exposure: 2-Year Follow Up; Addiction 110 (2015) 1667–1675. DOI: 10.1111/add.1297810.1111/add.12978]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[31. Nardone, N., N.L. Benowitz, T.T. Smith, R. Denlinger-Apte, D.K. Hatsukami, J.S. Koopmeiners, Y. Ren, and E.C. Donny: Reasons for Non-Compliance in a Trial of Reduced Nicotine Cigarettes; Tob. Reg. Sci. 5 (2019) 87–93. DOI: 10.18001/TRS.5.1.810.18001/TRS.5.1.8]Search in Google Scholar
[32. Nardone, N., E.C. Donny, D.K. Hatsukami, J.S. Koopmeiners, S.E. Murphy, A.A. Strasser, J.W. Tidey, R. Vandrey, and N.L. Benowitz: Estimations and Predictors of Non-Compliance in Switchers to Reduced Nicotine Content Cigarettes; Addiction 111 (2016) 2208–2216. DOI: 10.1111/add.1351910.1111/add.13519]Open DOISearch in Google Scholar
[33. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA: Vector Tobacco; Availability of Determination of Non-Regulated Status for Tobacco Genetically Engineered for Reduced Nicotine. 67 Fed. Reg. 71929, 2002. Available at: https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2002/02/12/02-3342/vector-tobacco-availability-of-petition-and-environmental-assessment-for-determination-of (accessed July 25, 2019).]Search in Google Scholar