Otwarty dostęp

Dioxin Levels in Mainstream Smoke from Cigarettes with Different TPM Deliveries


Zacytuj

1. Borgerding, M.F., J.A. Bodnar, D.E. Wingate: The 1999 Massachusetts Benchmark Study – the Final Report. Conducted for the Massachusetts Department of Public Health by the Tobacco Industry; Boston, MA, Massachusetts Department of Public Health 2000.Search in Google Scholar

2. Bumb, R.R., W.B. Crummet, S.S. Cutie, J.R. Gledhill, R.H. Hummel, R.O. Kagel, L.L. Lamparski, E.V. Luoma, D.L. Miller, T.J. Nestrick, L.A. Shadoff, R.H. Stehl, and J.S. Woods: Trace chemistries of fire: A source of chlorinated dioxins; Science 210 (1980) 385–390.Search in Google Scholar

3. Crummet, W.B.: Environmental chlorinated dioxins from combustion – The trace chemistries of fire hypothesis; in: Chlorinated dioxins and related compounds, edited by O. Hutzinger, R.W. Frei, E. Merian, and F. Pocchiari, Per-gamon Press, New York, NY, 1982, pp. 253–264.10.1016/B978-0-08-026256-7.50028-3Search in Google Scholar

4. Muto, H. and Y. Takizawa: Dioxins in cigarette smoke; Arch. Environ. Health 44 (1989) 171–174.10.1080/00039896.1989.99358822751353Search in Google Scholar

5. Ball, M., O. Päpke, and A. Lis: Polychlordibenzodioxine und Polychlordibenzofurane in Cigarettenrauch [Poly-chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans in ciga-rette smoke]; Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 14 (1990) 393–402.Search in Google Scholar

6. Löfroth G. and Y. Zebühr: Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in main-stream and sidestream cigarette smoke; Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 48 (1992) 789–794.Search in Google Scholar

7. van Leeuwen, F.X.R. and M.M. Younes (Editors): Assessment of the health risk of dioxins: Re-evaluation of the tolerable daily intake (TDI); Food Addit. Contam. 17, 2000.10.1080/71381065510912238Search in Google Scholar

8. World Health Organization, Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants (JECFA): Safety evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants: polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls; Food Addit. Series 48, 2002.Search in Google Scholar

9. Van den Berg, M., L. Birnbaum, A.T.C. Bosveld, B. Brunström, P. Cook, M. Feeley, J.P. Giesy, A. Hanberg, R. Hasegawa, S.W. Kennedy, T. Kubiak, J.C. Larsen, F.X.R. van Leeuwen, A.K.D. Liem, C. Nolt, R.E. Peterson, L. Poellinger, S. Safe, D. Schrenk, D. Tillitt, M. Tysklind, M. Younes, F. Wærn, and T. Zacharewski: Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs for humans and wildlife; Environ. Health Per-spect. 106 (1998) 775–792.Search in Google Scholar

10. Matsueda, T., Y. Kurokawa, M. Nakamura, S. Takada, and K. Fukamchi: Concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs and coplanar PCBs in cigarettes from various countries; Organohalogen Compounds 20 (1994) 331–334.Search in Google Scholar

11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Second national report on human exposure to environ-mental chemicals, Atlanta, GA, CDC 2002.Search in Google Scholar

12. Fowles, J. and E. Dybing: Application of toxicological risk assessment principles to the chemical constituents of cigarette smoke; Tobacco Control 12 (2003) 424–430.Search in Google Scholar

13. Fowles, J.: Chemical composition of tobacco and ciga-rette smoke in two brands of New Zealand cigarettes, Final report (revised 25 August 2003); http://ndp.govt.nz/tobacco/ChemicalComposition Ciga-rettes.pdf.Search in Google Scholar

14. Chepiga, T.A., M.J. Morton, P.A. Murphy, J.T. Avalos, B.R. Bombick, D.J. Doolittle, M.F. Borgerding, and J.E. Swauger: A comparison of the mainstream smoke chemistry and mutagenicity of a representative sample of the US cigarette market with two Kentucky reference cigarettes (K1R4F and K1R5F); Food Chem. Toxicol. 38 (2000) 949–962.Search in Google Scholar

15. ISO 3402: Tobacco and tobacco products – Atmosphere for conditioning and testing; Reference number ISO 3402:1991(E), International Organization for Standard-ization, Geneva, Switzerland, 1991.Search in Google Scholar

16. ISO 3308: Routine analytical cigarette smoking machine – Definitions and standard conditions; Reference number ISO 3308:1991 (E), International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland, 1991.Search in Google Scholar

17. Smith, C.J., G.L. Dooly, and S.C. Moldoveanu: A new technique using solid phase extraction (SPE) for the analysis of aromatic amines in mainstream cigarette smoke; J. Chromatogr. A. 991 (2003) 99-107.Search in Google Scholar

18. Zha, Q., N.X. Qian, and S.C. Moldoveanu: Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in particulate phase of cigarette smoke using a gas chromatographic-high resolution mass spectrometric technique; J. Chromatogr. Sci. 40 (2002) 403-408.Search in Google Scholar

eISSN:
1612-9237
Język:
Angielski
Częstotliwość wydawania:
4 razy w roku
Dziedziny czasopisma:
General Interest, Life Sciences, other, Physics