Study on the Use of Digital Twin in Analysis of Photovoltaic System

Photovoltaic systems are an efficient and environmentally friendly solution for meeting energy needs in both the industrial and domestic sectors. Implementing a system that monitors early defects and predicts failure based on weather conditions could significantly improve the performance and reliability. This paper indicates the importance of monitoring and parameter simulation (electrical and thermal) that influence the operation mode of photovoltaic (PV) system. It also highlights the benefits of a practical approach to failure management and anticipation events by simulated setup. By integrating the concept of Digital Twin (DT), which consists in creating a digital replica of the PV system in real time, an intelligent decision system could be developed, being capable of identifying and correcting potential problems before they appear.

The analysis of collected data and the integration of weather forecasts allow simulation and testing of different scenarios, thus providing the possibility to make decisions and optimize (PV) system operations. Information retrieved via the Application Programming Interface (API) interface was processed through Python scripts, while data from PV system was collected using specialized sensors.

Subsequently, all relevant data has been stocked within automated scripts, which then facilitated the creation of a database for integration output parameters from data block of PV created in Simulink. This approach could be a viable solution for optimizing the use of solar energy, helping to reduce costs and environmental impact in both industrial and domestic applications.

The system contains a PV panel, battery management system (BMS), sensors monitoring temperature, pressure, and relative humidity. The data obtained from the practical work have been entered into the simulation, confirming, and validating the experimental stand. Many research on PV systems develop algorithms to monitor and make the system capable of tracking the sun for maximum efficiency. Thus, a comprehensive approach combining monitoring of parameters of PV with external weather data can significantly improve the efficiency, reliability, and durability of a PV system.