Multidimensional tooth movement boundaries in the extended aesthetic zone: a cone-beam computed tomography study

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Mandibular cancellous alveolar bone thickness after merging the left and right teeth

	Labial			Lingual
	LA_1	LA_2	LA_3	LL_1	LL_2	LL_3
Central incisor	0 (0)*	0 (0.64)*	2.19 (1.1)	0 (0)	0.68 (1.01)	2.22 (1.17)
Lateral incisor	0 (0)*	0 (0)*	2.18 ± 1.84*	0 (0.53)	0.82 (1.16)	2.53 (1.16)
Canine	0 (0)*	0 (0.73)*	2.78 ± 2.20*	0.65 (0.96)	1.4 (1.1)	4.02 ± 2.80
First premolar	0 (0)*	0.38 (0.8)*	2.38 ± 1.97*	0.59 (0.95)	2.18 ± 1.98	4.53 ± 2.77
Second premolar	0 (0.62)*	0.86 (0.53)*	2.71 ± 2.04*	0.93 (0.97)	2.67 ± 2.27	4.79 ± 2.92

Maxillary alveolar bone height after merging the left and right teeth

	LA_h	LL_h	M_h	D_h
Central incisor	10.22 ± 3.48*	10.51 ± 3.34	12.59 ± 3.76	12.29 ± 3.57
Lateral incisor	11.04 ± 2.86	10.90 ± 2.98	12.82 ± 3.04	12.15 ± 2.97
Canine	13.78 ± 4.19*	14.48 ± 4.32	16.41 ± 4.16	14.73 ± 3.67
First premolar	10.03 ± 3.59*	10.53 ± 3.52	11.75 ± 3.77	11.51 ± 3.36
Second premolar	10.36 ± 4.01	10.33 ± 4.22	11.68 ± 4.13	10.48 ± 4.39

Mandibular alveolar bone height after merging the left and right teeth

	LA_h	LL_h	M_h	D_h
Central incisor	9.72 ± 2.95*	9.34 ± 2.60	10.84 ± 2.44	10.83 ± 2.44
Lateral incisor	10.88 ± 3.42*	10.37 ± 3.41	11.98 ± 2.73	11.65 ± 2.65
Canine	13.18 ± 4.76*	13.68 ± 4.27	15.45 ± 4.25	14.31 ± 4.19
First premolar	12.26 ± 3.87	12.37 ± 3.63	12.88 ± 3.29	12.55 ± 3.30
Second premolar	12.10 ± 4.03	12.11 ± 3.89	12.78 ± 3.93	12.33 ± 3.77

Cancellous bone thickness of the maxilla and mandible of individuals with different vertical skeletal patterns

Alveolar bone thickness
Measurement	Hypodivergent	Normodivergent	P-value
U1LA_3	1.10 (1.61)	0.51 (1.45)	0.031*
U2LA_3	0.93 (1.66)	0.00 (0.89)	0.001*
U3LA_3	1.03 (1.58)	0.00 (0.99)	0.001*
U4LA_3	1.33 (1.22)	0.00 (1.31)	0.000*
U5LA_3	2.73 (1.55)	2.1 (1.49)	0.000*
U1LL_3	6.60±1.91	5.97±1.49	0.047*
U2LL_3	5.66±1.52	5.57±1.50	0.734
U3LL_3	8.62±1.85	7.70±1.76	0.006*
U4LL_3	6.67±2.54	5.57±2.40	0.015*
U5LL_3	7.35±3.15	6.16±2.43	0.021*
L1LA_3	2.32 (1.35)	1.99 (0.91)	0.015*
L2LA_3	2.48±0.98	1.87±0.80	0.000*
L3LA_3	3.17±1.11	2.44±0.97	0.000*
L4LA_3	2.69±1.01	2.10±0.92	0.001*
L5LA_3	2.92±1.23	2.50±0.93	0.028*
L1LL_3	2.48 (1.27)	2.04 (0.98)	0.011*
L2LL_3	2.69 (1.33)	2.44 (1.23)	0.168
L3LL_3	4.07±1.32	4.00±1.56	0.154
L4LL_3	4.53±1.31	4.57±1.41	0.872
L5LL_3	4.67±1.46	4.90±1.50	0.392

Alveolar bone height of the maxilla and mandible of individuals with different vertical skeletal patterns

Alveolar bone height				Alveolar bone height
Measurement	Hypodivergent	Normodivergent	P-value	Measurement	Hypodivergent	Normodivergent	P-value
U1LA_h	10.49 ± 1.73	9.95 ± 1.84	0.099	L1LA_h	9.88 ± 1.55	9.49 ± 1.41	0.148
U1LL_h	10.64 ± 1.65	10.36 ± 1.76	0.373	L1LL_h	9.41 ± 1.38	9.18 ± 1.21	0.315
U1M_h	12.64 ± 2.11	12.53 ± 1.76	0.741	L1M_h	10.83 ± 1.35	10.80 ± 1.13	0.914
U1D_h	12.43 ± 1.89	12.13 ± 1.78	0.363	L1D_h	10.83 ± 1.30	10.77 ± 1.17	0.772
U2LA_h	11.33 ± 1.41	10.78 ± 1.43	0.035*	L2LA_h	11.04 ± 1.53	10.67 ± 1.89	0.228
U2LL_h	11.19 ± 1.56	10.67 ± 1.41	0.059	L2LL_h	10.51 ± 1.70	10.18 ± 1.69	0.297
U2M_h	13.07 ± 1.58	12.65 ± 1.49	0.132	L2M_h	12.03 ± 1.59	11.89 ± 1.11	0.581
U2D_h	12.47 ± 1.57	11.87 ± 1.40	0.028*	L2D_h	11.75 ± 1.55	11.52 ± 1.03	0.338
U3LA_h	14.19 ± 2.13	13.35 ± 2.12	0.031*	L3LA_h	13.39 ± 2.29	12.97 ± 2.52	0.337
U3LL_h	14.87 ± 2.15	14.05 ± 2.25	0.042*	L3LL_h	13.70 ± 2.28	13.65 ± 2.09	0.900
U3M_h	16.70 ± 2.09	16.05 ± 2.15	0.095	L3M_h	15.43 ± 2.13	15.49 ± 2.20	0.891
U3D_h	14.85 ± 1.78	14.53 ± 1.94	0.350	L3D_h	14.26 ± 2.04	14.39 ± 2.17	0.746
U4LA_h	10.23 ± 1.91	9.72 ± 1.71	0.121	L4LA_h	12.31 ± 2.11	12.16 ± 1.79	0.676
U4LL_h	10.47 ± 1.86	10.53 ± 1.75	0.850	L4LL_h	12.60 ± 2.01	12.06 ± 1.63	0.107
U4M_h	11.89 ± 1.81	11.51 ± 2.06	0.279	L4M_h	13.02 ± 1.79	12.63 ± 1.52	0.207
U4D_h	11.69 ± 1.82	11.24 ± 1.61	0.154	L4D_h	12.77 ± 1.74	12.22 ± 1.57	0.067
U5LA_h	10.71 ± 2.02	9.82 ± 1.94	0.015*	L5LA_h	12.19 ± 2.29	11.88 ± 1.72	0.404
U5LL_h	10.68 ± 2.12	9.85 ± 2.14	0.034*	L5LL_h	12.18 ± 2.10	11.97 ± 1.85	0.564
U5M_h	11.93 ± 2.28	11.29 ± 1.89	0.092	L5M_h	12.77 ± 1.94	12.64 ± 2.05	0.716
U5D_h	10.68 ± 2.53	10.13 ± 1.88	0.176	L5D_h	12.35 ± 1.85	12.22 ± 2.00	0.717

Maxillary cancellous alveolar bone thickness after merging the left and right teeth

	Labial			Lingual
	LA_1	LA_2	LA_3	LL_1	LL_2	LL_3
Central incisor	0 (0)*	0 (0)*	0.93 (1.55)*	1.16 (0.91)	2.99 (1 .43)	6.29 ± 3.36
Lateral incisor	0 (0)*	0 (0)*	0 (1.29)*	0.87 (0.79)	2.53 (1.63)	5.60 ± 2.93
Canine	0 (0)*	0 (0)*	0 (1.38)*	1.4 (1.59)	4.28 ± 3.40	8.15 ± 3.59
First premolar	0 (0.76)*	0 (0.74)*	1.11 (1.55)*	0.70 (1.06)	1.8 (1.46)	6.16 ± 4.90
Second premolar	1.28 (1.08)*	1.38 (0.99)*	2.5 (1.73)*	1.04 (1.26)	2.38 (1.82)	6.85 ± 5.64

Comparison of alveolar bone thickness between two prevalent vertical skeletal patterns in individuals with normal occlusion with existing literature

	Region	Section	Classification	n	P-value (Labial/Lingual)
Gaffuri[29]	Incisors & Canines	Apex	Normodivergent	10	NS
			Hypodivergent	10
Dalaie[17]	Central incisors	9mm#	Normodivergent	\	U: NS / NS
			Hypodivergent	\	L: Hpo>N* / Hpo<N*
Casanova-Sarmiento[19]	Mandibular central incisors	Apex	Normodivergent	44	Hpo>N***
			Hypodivergent	48
Sadek[18]	All teeth	Apex	Normodivergent	17	U2: NS / Hpo>N*
					U3: NS / Hpo>N**
			Hypodivergent	15	L4: Hpo>N** / NS
					else: NS
Li[33]	Incisors & canines	5mm#	Normodivergent	46	U1: NS / NS
					U2: NS / Hpo>N*
					U3: NS / Hpo>N*
			Hypodivergent	45	L1: Hpo>N* / Hpo>N***
					L2: NS / Hpo>N***
					L3: NS / Hpo>N**