Calculation of Power Purchase Imbalance Costs for Grid Enterprises’ Agents Considering Uncertainty of Supply and Demand and Price Fluctuations in the Context of Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Unified Spot

The regional unified electricity spot market plays an important role in promoting the optimal allocation of power resources over a wider range and cross-regional consumption of renewable energy. This paper examines the supply and demand uncertainty and price volatility of power grid agency power purchases in the context of the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan unified spot purchase. It delves into the specific mechanism of unbalanced costs in agency power purchase decisions and investigates the specific channeling methods of unbalanced costs in the dual-track system. Based on the dual-track unbalanced cost under the unified spot market, a dual-track power balance model is proposed based on the typical daily load curve, and a time-based unbalanced cost calculation model is designed. Using the typical daily electricity load data from the power supply enterprise in X province as an example, the calculation and simulation of unbalanced costs are carried out. The spot electricity price fluctuates between 0.25 yuan/(kW•h) and 0.45 yuan/(kW•h) in different periods. The overall unbalanced power purchased by the power grid in the load trough stage is only 6.24% of the total monthly electricity consumption. Still, the unbalanced cost in the study period is of a deficit nature, and its average value reaches −268 million yuan. The calculation method of unbalanced costs caused by agency power purchases clearly reveals the unbalanced cost-sharing mechanism in the context of the unified spot.