<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>The uricase enzyme yields allantoin, hydrogen peroxide, and carbon dioxide by catalyzing the oxidative opening of the purine ring in the urate pathway. This enzyme is important for biochemical diagnosis and reduces toxic urate accumulation during various diseases (hyperuricemia, gout, and bedwetting). Direct urate oxidase injection is recommended in renal complications-associated gout and to prevent chemotherapy-linked hyperuricemia disorders. Thus, uricase is a promising enzyme with diverse applications in medicine. Microbial production of uricase is featured by high growth rates, cost-effective bioprocessing, and easy optimization of the medium. Microbes produce the enzyme extracellular or intracellular. Extracellular uricase is preferred for biotechnological applications as it minimizes time, effort, and purification processes. This review provides insights into uricase-producing microbes, bacterial uric acid degradation pathways, degrading enzymes, and uricase-encoding genes.</p>
<p>Furthermore, aspects influencing the microorganisms’ production of the uricase enzyme, its activity, and its purification procedure are also emphasized. Cell disruption is mandatory for intercellular uricase production, which elevates production costs. Therefore, extracellular uricase-producing microbial strains should be investigated, and production factors should be optimized. Future techniques for obtaining extracellular enzymes should feature reduced time and effort, as well as a simple purification methodology. Furthermore, uricase gene-carrying recombinant probiotic microorganisms could become an effective tool for gout treatment.</p>
</abstract>

The uricase enzyme yields allantoin, hydrogen peroxide, and carbon dioxide by catalyzing the oxidative opening of the purine ring in the urate pathway. This enzyme is important for biochemical diagnosis and reduces toxic urate accumulation during various diseases (hyperuricemia, gout, and bedwetting). Direct urate oxidase injection is recommended in renal complications-associated gout and to prevent chemotherapy-linked hyperuricemia disorders. Thus, uricase is a promising enzyme with diverse applications in medicine. Microbial production of uricase is featured by high growth rates, cost-effective bioprocessing, and easy optimization of the medium. Microbes produce the enzyme extracellular or intracellular. Extracellular uricase is preferred for biotechnological applications as it minimizes time, effort, and purification processes. This review provides insights into uricase-producing microbes, bacterial uric acid degradation pathways, degrading enzymes, and uricase-encoding genes.
Furthermore, aspects influencing the microorganisms’ production of the uricase enzyme, its activity, and its purification procedure are also emphasized. Cell disruption is mandatory for intercellular uricase production, which elevates production costs. Therefore, extracellular uricase-producing microbial strains should be investigated, and production factors should be optimized. Future techniques for obtaining extracellular enzymes should feature reduced time and effort, as well as a simple purification methodology. Furthermore, uricase gene-carrying recombinant probiotic microorganisms could become an effective tool for gout treatment.

Microbial Uricase and its Unique Potential Applications

Advancements of Microbiology

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

{"article-title":"Microbial Uricase and its Unique Potential Applications"}

The uricase enzyme yields allantoin, hydrogen peroxide, and carbon dioxide by catalyzing the oxidative opening of the purine ring in the urate pathway. This...

Microorganisms	Extracellular uricase	Intracellular uricase
Bacteria	Escherichia coli	Proteus vulgaris
	Bacillus pasteurii	Streptomyces albidoflavus
	Proteus mirabilis	Streptomyces graminofaciens
	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Saccharopolyspora sp.
	Microbacterium spp.
	Lactobacillus sp.
Filamentous fungi		Fusarium sp.
		Geotrichum sp.
		Mucor sp.
		Alternaria sp.
		Penicillium sp.
		Aspergillus sp.
		Rhizopus sp.
Yeast	Candida tropicalis	Candida utilis

Microbial Uricase and its Unique Potential Applications

Data publikacji: 03 lip 2024

Zakres stron: 81 - 91

Otrzymano: 01 sty 2024

Przyjęty: 01 maj 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/am-2024-0007

Słowa kluczowe
gout, hyperuricemia disorders, microbial uricase, urate oxidase, uricase, uricase applications, uricase purification

© 2024 Khaled Elbanna et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 4.

Fig. 5.

Fig. 6.

Uricase-producing microorganisms.

Microbial Uricase and its Unique Potential Applications

Data publikacji: 03 lip 2024

Zakres stron: 81 - 91

Otrzymano: 01 sty 2024

Przyjęty: 01 maj 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/am-2024-0007

Słowa kluczowegout, hyperuricemia disorders, microbial uricase, urate oxidase, uricase, uricase applications, uricase purification

© 2024 Khaled Elbanna et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 4.

Fig. 5.

Fig. 6.

Uricase-producing microorganisms.

Słowa kluczowe
gout, hyperuricemia disorders, microbial uricase, urate oxidase, uricase, uricase applications, uricase purification