O artykule
Data publikacji: 04 paź 2022
Zakres stron: 105 - 114
Otrzymano: 01 mar 2022
Przyjęty: 01 maj 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/am-2022-009
Słowa kluczowe
© 2022 Abhirami P. Sreekantan, et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Fig. 1
![Schematic representation of five superfamilies of EPs found in bacteria(ABC) ATP-Binding Cassette Superfamily [17]; (MFS) Major Facilitator Superfamily [18]; (MATE) Multidrug And Toxic Compound Extrusion Family [19]; (SMR) Small Multi-Drug Resistance Family [20]; (RND) Resistance-Nodulation-Division Superfamily [21].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647092eb71e4585e08aa03b8/j_am-2022-009_fig_001.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250913%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250913T103119Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=d11305f58733b50148e5621edaef0d5d584780ed2d84ac60deb00253312dea77&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
List of Efflux Pump Inhibitors based on mechanism of action, origin, targets and substrates
Mechanism of action/Compounds | EPIs | Target EPs | Bacteria | Substrates | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Energy Disruption | CCCP-Carbonyl cyanide chlorophenyl hydrazone | MFS- |
Tetracycline | [ |
|
Synthetic EPI- IITR08027 | MATE- |
Fluoroquinolones | [ |
||
PAβN | RND- |
Levofloxacin |
[ |
||
Competitive Inhibition | Verapamil | MATE- |
Bedaquiline |
[ |
|
1-(1-napthylmethyl)-piperazine (NMP) | RND- |
Levofloxacin |
[ |
||
Alkaloids | Reserpine ( |
MFS- |
Norfloxacin |
[ |
|
Piperine ( |
ABC transporters |
Ciprofloxacin |
[ |
||
Conessine ( |
RND- |
Novobiocin |
[ |
||
Flavanoids | Baicalein ( |
MFS- |
Tetracycline |
[ |
|
5’-methoxy-hydnocarpin ( |
MFS- |
Tetracycline |
[ |
||
Genistein (Isoflavone) | MFS- |
Berberine | [ |
||
Epigallocatechin gallate | MFS- |
Tetracycline |
[ |
||
Polyphenols | Curcumin ( |
MFS- |
Norfloxacin |
[ |
|
Coumarin ( |
MFS- |
Norfloxacin |
[ |
||
Phenolic diterpenes | Carnosic acid ( |
ABC transporter |
Erythromycin | [ |
|
Monoterpenoid | Carnosol ( |
ABC transporter |
Tetracycline | [ |
|
Geraniol ( |
RND- |
Chloramphenicol | [ |
||
Catharanthine ( |
RND- |
Tetracycline |
[ |
||
Quinolone derivatives | Pyridoquinolones | RND- |
Norfloxacin | [ |
|
Arylpiperidines and aryl piperazine derivatives | Phenylpiperadines | RND- |
Linezolid | [ |
|
Pyridopyrimidine and pyranopyridine derivatives | D2 and D13-9001 | RND- |
Fluoroquinolones | [ |
|
MBX2319 | RND- |
Fluoroquinolones | [ |
||
Naphthyridine derivatives | 1,8-naphthyridines sulfonamide | MFS- |
Norfloxacin |
[ |
|
Boronic acid derivatives | 6-(3-Phenylpropoxy) pyridine-3-boronic acid | MFS- |
Ciprofloxacin |
[ |
|
Indole derivatives | 3-amino-6-carboxyl-indole |
RND- |
Chloramphenicol |
[ |
|
Hypoglycemic biguanide drug | Metformin | RND- |
Ampicillin-sulbactam |
[ |
|
Tyrosine kinase Inhibitor | Nilotinib | MFS- |
Ciprofloxacin | [ |
|
Ergot alkaloid-vasoconstrictor | Dihydroergotamine | MFS- |
Ciprofloxacin | [ |
|
EA-371α and EA-371d (fermentation extract of |
RND- |
Levofloxacin | [ |