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Redox and biometal status in Wistar rats after subacute exposure to fluoride and selenium counter-effects

Jelena Radovanović
Jelena Radovanović
, 
Biljana Antonijević
Biljana Antonijević
, 
Katarina Baralić
Katarina Baralić
, 
Marijana Ćurčić
Marijana Ćurčić
, 
Danijela Đukić-Ćosić
Danijela Đukić-Ćosić
, 
Zorica Bulat
Zorica Bulat
, 
Dragana Javorac
Dragana Javorac
, 
Aleksandra Buha Đorđević
Aleksandra Buha Đorđević
, 
Jelena Kotur-Stevuljević
Jelena Kotur-Stevuljević
, 
Emina Sudar-Milovanović
Emina Sudar-Milovanović
, 
Evica Antonijević Miljaković
Evica Antonijević Miljaković
, 
Miloš Beloica
Miloš Beloica
 oraz 
Zoran Mandinić
Zoran Mandinić
   | 30 wrz 2022
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Article Category: Original article
Data publikacji: 30 wrz 2022
Zakres stron: 207 - 222
Otrzymano: 01 kwi 2022
Przyjęty: 01 wrz 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2022-73-3650
© 2022 Jelena Radovanović, Biljana Antonijević, Katarina Baralić, Marijana Ćurčić, Danijela Đukić-Ćosić, Zorica Bulat, Dragana Javorac, Aleksandra Buha Đorđević, Jelena Kotur-Stevuljević, Emina Sudar-Milovanović, Evica Antonijević Miljaković, Miloš Beloica, and Zoran Mandinić, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1

Median (and range) of water consumption (mL/day) by groups of Wistar rats exposed to fluoride and/or selenium for 28 days. * p<0.05; *** p<0.001 – significant differences compared to control (Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn’s test). F group – exposed to sodium fluoride alone (150 mg/L); Se group – exposed to sodium selenite alone (1.5 mg/L); F+Se group – exposed to the combination of F and Se at the same concentrations
Median (and range) of water consumption (mL/day) by groups of Wistar rats exposed to fluoride and/or selenium for 28 days. * p<0.05; *** p<0.001 – significant differences compared to control (Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn’s test). F group – exposed to sodium fluoride alone (150 mg/L); Se group – exposed to sodium selenite alone (1.5 mg/L); F+Se group – exposed to the combination of F and Se at the same concentrations

Figure 2

Blood redox parameters in Wistar rats exposed to fluoride 150 mg/L and/or selenium 1.5 mg/L through drinking water for 28 days. a) O2.- – superoxide anion (μmol/min/L); b) TOS – total oxidative status (μmol/L); c) SOD1 – superoxide dismutase activity (U/L); d) SH – total thiol groups (mmol/L); e) MDA – malondialdehyde (μmol/L). * # p<0.05; ** aa p<0.01 – significant differences from control group are indicated by *, from the Se group by #, from the F group by a (one-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD and Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post-hoc test). The line inside of the box presents the median, the box presents interquartile range (25–75 %). End limiters present minima and maxima
Blood redox parameters in Wistar rats exposed to fluoride 150 mg/L and/or selenium 1.5 mg/L through drinking water for 28 days. a) O2.- – superoxide anion (μmol/min/L); b) TOS – total oxidative status (μmol/L); c) SOD1 – superoxide dismutase activity (U/L); d) SH – total thiol groups (mmol/L); e) MDA – malondialdehyde (μmol/L). * # p<0.05; ** aa p<0.01 – significant differences from control group are indicated by *, from the Se group by #, from the F group by a (one-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD and Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post-hoc test). The line inside of the box presents the median, the box presents interquartile range (25–75 %). End limiters present minima and maxima

Figure 3

Liver redox parameters in Wistar rats exposed to fluoride 150 mg/L and/or selenium 1.5 mg/L through drinking water for 28 days. a) O2.- – superoxide anion (μmol/min/g protein); b) TOS – total oxidative status (μmol/g protein); c) SOD1 – superoxide dismutase activity (U/g protein); d) SH – total thiol groups (mmol/g protein); e) MDA – malondialdehyde (μmol/g protein). * p<0.05; ** ## p<0.01 – significant differences from control group are indicated by *, from the Se group by # (one-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD and Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post-hoc test). The line inside of the box presents the median, the box presents interquartile range (25–75 %). End limiters present minima and maxima
Liver redox parameters in Wistar rats exposed to fluoride 150 mg/L and/or selenium 1.5 mg/L through drinking water for 28 days. a) O2.- – superoxide anion (μmol/min/g protein); b) TOS – total oxidative status (μmol/g protein); c) SOD1 – superoxide dismutase activity (U/g protein); d) SH – total thiol groups (mmol/g protein); e) MDA – malondialdehyde (μmol/g protein). * p<0.05; ** ## p<0.01 – significant differences from control group are indicated by *, from the Se group by # (one-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD and Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post-hoc test). The line inside of the box presents the median, the box presents interquartile range (25–75 %). End limiters present minima and maxima

Figure 4

Spleen redox parameters in Wistar rats exposed to fluoride 150 mg/L and/or selenium 1.5 mg/L through drinking water for 28 days. a) O2.- – superoxide anion (μmol/min/g protein); b) TOS – total oxidative status (μmol/g protein); c) SOD1 – superoxide dismutase activity (U/g protein), d) SH – total thiol groups (mmol/g protein); e) MDA – malondialdehyde (μmol/g protein). a p<0.05 – significant differences from the F group are indicated by a (One-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD and Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post-hoc test). The line inside of the box presents the median, the box presents interquartile range (25–75 %). End limiters present minima and maxima
Spleen redox parameters in Wistar rats exposed to fluoride 150 mg/L and/or selenium 1.5 mg/L through drinking water for 28 days. a) O2.- – superoxide anion (μmol/min/g protein); b) TOS – total oxidative status (μmol/g protein); c) SOD1 – superoxide dismutase activity (U/g protein), d) SH – total thiol groups (mmol/g protein); e) MDA – malondialdehyde (μmol/g protein). a p<0.05 – significant differences from the F group are indicated by a (One-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD and Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post-hoc test). The line inside of the box presents the median, the box presents interquartile range (25–75 %). End limiters present minima and maxima

Figure 5

Brain redox parameters in Wistar rats exposed to fluoride 150 mg/L and/or selenium 1.5 mg/L through drinking water for 28 days. a) O2.- – superoxide anion (μmol/min/g protein); b) TOS – total oxidative status (μmol/g protein); c) SOD1 – superoxide dismutase activity (U/g protein); d) MDA – malondialdehyde (μmol/g protein). * # a p<0.05; ### p<0.001 – significant differences from control group are indicated by *, from the Se group by #, from the F group by a (one-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD and Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post-hoc test). The line inside of the box presents the median, the box presents interquartile range (25–75 %). End limiters present minima and maxima
Brain redox parameters in Wistar rats exposed to fluoride 150 mg/L and/or selenium 1.5 mg/L through drinking water for 28 days. a) O2.- – superoxide anion (μmol/min/g protein); b) TOS – total oxidative status (μmol/g protein); c) SOD1 – superoxide dismutase activity (U/g protein); d) MDA – malondialdehyde (μmol/g protein). * # a p<0.05; ### p<0.001 – significant differences from control group are indicated by *, from the Se group by #, from the F group by a (one-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD and Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post-hoc test). The line inside of the box presents the median, the box presents interquartile range (25–75 %). End limiters present minima and maxima

Figure 6

Kidney redox parameters in Wistar rats exposed to fluoride 150 mg/L and/or selenium 1.5 mg/L through drinking water for 28 days. a) O2.-– superoxide anion (μmol/min/g protein); b) TOS – total oxidative status (μmol/g protein); c) SOD1 – superoxide dismutase activity (U/ g protein); d) SH – total thiol groups (mmol/g protein); e) MDA – malondialdehyde (μmol/g protein). * # p<0.05; ** p<0.01; *** p<0.001; **** p<0.0001 – significant differences from control group are indicated by *, from the Se group by # (one-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD and Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post-hoc test). The line inside of the box presents the median, the box presents interquartile range (25–75 %). End limiters present minima and maxima
Kidney redox parameters in Wistar rats exposed to fluoride 150 mg/L and/or selenium 1.5 mg/L through drinking water for 28 days. a) O2.-– superoxide anion (μmol/min/g protein); b) TOS – total oxidative status (μmol/g protein); c) SOD1 – superoxide dismutase activity (U/ g protein); d) SH – total thiol groups (mmol/g protein); e) MDA – malondialdehyde (μmol/g protein). * # p<0.05; ** p<0.01; *** p<0.001; **** p<0.0001 – significant differences from control group are indicated by *, from the Se group by # (one-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD and Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post-hoc test). The line inside of the box presents the median, the box presents interquartile range (25–75 %). End limiters present minima and maxima

Figure 7

Mean (±SD) liver, spleen, brain, and kidney fluoride levels (mg/kg) in Wistar rats exposed to fluoride (150 mg/L) and/or selenium (1.5 mg/L) through drinking water for 28 days. a p<0.05; ** p<0.01; **** p<0.0001 – significant differences from control are indicated by *, from the F group by a (one-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD)
Mean (±SD) liver, spleen, brain, and kidney fluoride levels (mg/kg) in Wistar rats exposed to fluoride (150 mg/L) and/or selenium (1.5 mg/L) through drinking water for 28 days. a p<0.05; ** p<0.01; **** p<0.0001 – significant differences from control are indicated by *, from the F group by a (one-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD)

Mean body weight gain in Wistar rats exposed to fluoride and/or selenium through drinking water for 28 days

Group Parameter Day 7 Day 14 Day 21 Day 28
Control BWG 0.27±0.03 0.68±0.05 1.00±0.08 0.95±0.11
F group BWG 0.17±0.04*** 0.59±0.04 0.92±0.08 0.90±0.08
% to control -37.11 % -12.27 % -8.61 % -5.16 %
Se group BWG 0.27±0.04 0.47±0.07*** 0.83±0.08* 1.1±0.12
% to control 0.35 % -30.84 % -17.39 % 14.92 %
F+Se group BWG 0.19±0.03** ## 0.57±0.11* # 0.82±0.14** 0.88±0.16###
% to control -26.35 % -15.75 % -18.18 % -18.43 %

Fluoride (mg/kg) distribution across tissues in Wistar rats exposed to fluoride and/or selenium through drinking water for 28 days

Group Liver Spleen Brain Kidneys
Control 0.23±0.04bd 0.98±0.02ad 0.51±0.11c 1.43±1.07abc
F 0.27±0.06d 0.35±0.04d 0.38±0.03d 0.77±0.15abc
Se 0.06±0.02bcd 0.99±0.02cd 0.45±0.1abd 0.85±0.32ac
F+Se 0.13±0.05bcd 2.53±0.03acd 0.29±0.06abd 0.48±0.11abc

Copper, zinc, and iron levels in blood, liver, spleen, brain, and kidneys of Wistar rats exposed to fluoride and/or selenium through drinking water for 28 days

Sample Bioelements Groups
Control F F+Se Se
Blood Cu (μmol/L) 22.05±4.97 32.51±8.01* 29.21±3.05### 51.03±7.881***
Zn (μmol/L) 60.63 47.55–71.44 90.67* 56.84–122.4 84.02# 51.64–106.0 216.4*** 181.4–226.9
Fe (mmol/L) 4.89±2.01 5.40±4.47 4.79±2.11### 13.47±0.35***
Liver Cu (μg/g) 3.78±0.43 3.07±0.18*** 3.22±0.18**## 2.68±0.21***
Zn (μg/g) 29.86 28.79–31.93 31.75 30.97–54.93 32.25# 29.63–37.10 50.28** 45.43–69.18
Fe (μg/g) 122.9±19.59 121.8±7.69 105.1±11.73*### 71.52±10.29***
Spleen Cu (μg/g) 1.65±0.41 1.14±0.51 0.54±1.27 0.99±0.00
Zn (μg/g) 34.55±0.35 36.42±1.32 42.95±3.185 46.47±7.39*
Fe (μg/g) 239.5±90.27 250.6±49.15 287.6±26.45 224.6±96.80
Brain Cu (μg/g) 2.79±1.39 2.21±0.76 2.88±0.31 3.181±0.68
Zn (μg/g) 20.08 13.12–38.46 12.18 8.30–17.03 7.28* 4.62–10.10 1.99** 0.53–17.20
Fe (μg/g) 48.10±15.35 29.90±7.78* 35.34±9.85 44.00±11.27
Kidneys Cu (μg/g) 7.57 5.35–8.69 5.06 4.16–7.01 4.48# 3.96–5.54 7.46 5.37–10.70
Zn (μg/g) 113.4 74.50–143.9 43.87* 23.21–66.48 29.59** 22.90–39.13 31.32** 23.86–50.85
Fe (μg/g) 81.78 71.67–101.6 36.48** 31.99–39.67 44.40 40.02–51.71 37.58** 28.45–47.89
eISSN:
1848-6312
Języki:
Angielski, Slovenian
Częstotliwość wydawania:
4 razy w roku
Dziedziny czasopisma:
Medicine, Basic Medical Science, other
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