Analysis of brominated flame retardants in the aquatic environment: a review
, oraz | 30 gru 2021
O artykule
Article Category: Review
Data publikacji: 30 gru 2021
Zakres stron: 254 - 267
Otrzymano: 01 lip 2021
Przyjęty: 01 lis 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2021-72-3576
© 2021 Heinz-Elmar Tenorth, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
Figure 1
Review of methods used to analyse brominated flame retardants in biological samples
| Sample | Compounds | Extraction technique | Extract purification | Detection technique | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PBDE | QuEChERS with ultrasound | SPE | GC-ICP-MS/MS | ( |
|
| PBDE | SLE | H2SO4 (conc.) | GC-EI-MS | ( |
|
| PBDE | Soxhlet | GPC/silica gel | GC-HRMS | ( |
|
| PBDE | MAE | GPC/SPE | GC-MS | ( |
|
| PBDE | Soxhlet, PLE, MAE | silica gel | HRGC-EI-HRMS | ( |
|
| PBDE, PBB | PLE | H2SO4 (conc.)/aluminium oxide | GC-NCI-MS | ( |
|
| PBDE, PBB | SLE | aluminium oxide | HRGC-HRMS | ( |
|
| PBB | Soxhlet | GPC/silica gel/aluminium oxide | GC-ECD, GC-MS/MS | ( |
|
| TBBPA | SLE, MSPE | / | HPLC-UV | ( |
|
| TBBPA, HBCD | PLE | SPE | LC-ESI-MS/MS | ( |
|
| PBDE | SLE, MAE, UAE | Florisil® | GC-ICP-MS | ( |
|
| PBDE | QuEChERS | SPE, GPC | GC-EI-MS/MS | ( |
|
| PBDE | SLE | silica gel/aluminium oxide or Florisil® | GC-HRMS | ( |
|
| TBBPA, HBCD | UAE | silica gel/aluminium oxide or Florisil® | LC-MS/MS | ( |
Mass fractions/concentrations of ΣPBBs, ΣPBDEs, TBBPA, TBBPS, and ΣHBCD detected in different compartments of aquatic environment worldwide
| Sample type | Ref. | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| River water (ng/L) | Lake water (ng/L) | Seawater (ng/L) | Wastewater (ng/L) | Sediment (ng/g dw) | Fish (ang/g ww or bng/g lw) | |||
| Yaner Bay, China [4] |
112400 | 43800–44300 | ( |
|||||
| Three Gorges Reservoar, China [22] | 0.0278–0.1557a | ( |
||||||
| Vaal River, South Africa [2] | 3.3–18 | ( |
||||||
| North Sea, France [5] |
0.00057–2.116a |
( |
||||||
| Yellow River, China [14] | 0.491–17.4 | 0.0357–43.0 | ( |
|||||
| Beijing, China [7] | 0.0236–1.255 | ( |
||||||
| Bailianghe River, China [8] | 45.8–560b | ( |
||||||
| Shandong Province, China [6] | 0.26–1.02a | ( |
||||||
| Three Gorges Reservoar, China [27] | 0.023–0.218 | ( |
||||||
| England [10] | 0.0092–0.1715 | ( |
||||||
| Latvia [8] | <LOD | <LOD | 0.01–0.13 | ( |
||||
| Sava River, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia [7] | 0.24–0.83a | ( |
||||||
| Evrotas River, Greece [8] | <LOD–4.52 | 9.32–116b | ( |
|||||
| Ancona, Italy [15] | 0.013–0.418a | ( |
||||||
| Las Tunas River, Cipolleti Lake, Argentina [4] | <LOD(4) | <LOD(4) | ( |
|||||
| Ashley and Cooper River, Charleston Harbor, US [8] | 0.02–3.74a | ( |
||||||
| Chenab River, Pakistan [8] | 0.48–73.4 | 0.35–88.1 | ( |
|||||
| South Korea [27] | <LOD–0.74 | 0.16–7.09 | <LOD–14.68 |
( |
||||
| Tongyeong Bay, South Korea [19] | 1.58–6.94 | 2.18–307 | 4.7–37 |
( |
||||
| Ga-Selati River, Africa [7] | <LOD–0.29a | ( |
||||||
| Vaal River, South Africa [8] | 20–98 | ( |
||||||
| Brisbane River, Australia [8] | 0.01–12.4 | ( |
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| Antarctica [12] | <LODa | ( |
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| Shandong Province, China Xiaoqing River, China | <LOD | 12100 | ( |
|||||
| Pan River, China | <LOD | ( |
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| Northern China | <LOD–1800 | ( |
||||||
| Shandong Province, China Xiaoqing River, China | <LOD | 19300 | ( |
|||||
| Shandong Province, China Pan river, China | <LOD | 8.41–3.15 | ( |
|||||
| Weihe River, Northwest China | <LOD–12.279 | <LOD–3.889 | ( |
|||||
| South Japan | 0.01–0.11a | ( |
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| South Korea | <LOD–2790 | <LOD–0.61 | <LOD–158 |
( |
||||
| Lake Erie, Canada | <LOD–0.51 | ( |
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| England | 0.14–3.2 | 0.33–3.8 | <LOD–1.7b | ( |
||||
| Weihe River, Northwest China [3] | <LOD–4.04 | ( |
||||||
| South Korea [3] | <LOD–0.2 | 3.47–168 | <LOD–67.52 |
( |
||||
| Brisbane River, Australia [3] | 0.04–9.9 | ( |
||||||
| England [3] | 0.08–0.270 | 0.88–4.8 | 14–290b | ( |
||||
Review of methods used to analyse brominated flame retardants in environmental samples
| Sample | Compounds | Extraction technique | Extract purification | Detection technique | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PBDE | USAEME | / | GC-EI-MS | ( |
|
| PBDE | SPE | / | GC-ECD | ( |
|
| PBDE | UA-DLLME | / | HPLC-UV | ( |
|
| PBDE | SBSE | / | GC-EI-MS | ( |
|
| PBDE | LLE | / | GC-EI-MS | ( |
|
| PBDE | SPE | silica gel/aluminium oxide or Florisil® | GC-EI-HRMS | ( |
|
| TBBPA, TBBPS | SPME | / | HPLC-UV | ( |
|
| TBBPS | MSPE | / | HPLC-UV | ( |
|
| TBBPA | US-DLLME | / | HPLC-UV | ( |
|
| TBBPA | SPE | / | HPLC-UV | ( |
|
| TBBPA | MSPE | / | HPLC-UV | ( |
|
| TBBPA, TBBPS | LLE | / | HPLC-ICP-MS/MS | ( |
|
| TBBPA, HBCD | DI-SPME | / | HPLC-ESI-MS | ( |
|
| TBBPA, HBCD | SPE, PLE | silica gel/aluminium oxide or Florisil® | LC-MS/MS | ( |
|
| TBBPA, HBCD | PLE | SPE | LC-ESI-MS/MS | ( |
|
| PBDE | UAE | SPE | GC-EI-MS | ( |
|
| PBDE | PLE | silica gel/aluminium oxide or Florisil® | GC-EI-HRMS | ( |
|
| PBDE | Soxhlet | silica gel | GC-EI-MS | ( |
|
| PBDE | Soxhlet | GPC/silica gel | GC-HRMS | ( |
|
| PBB, PBDE | Soxhlet | multilayer silica gel | HRGC-HRMS/GC-ECD | ( |
|
| PBB, PBDE | UAE | silica gel | GC-EI-MS | ( |
|
| HBCD | Soxhlet | multilayer silica gel | HPLC-MS/MS | ( |
|
| TBBPA, HBCD | PLE | SPE | LC-ESI-MS/MS | ( |
|
| TBBPA, HBCD | UAE | silica gel/aluminium oxide or Florisil® | LC-MS/MS | ( |
|
| TBBPA | Soxhlet, LLE | silica gel | HPLC-ESI-MS/MS | ( |
|
| TBBPA | Soxhlet | silica gel | HPLC-ESI-MS | ( |