Zacytuj

Dinan T.G., Stilling R.M., Stanton C., Cryan J.F.: Collective unconscious: How gut microbes shape human behavior. J. Psychiatr. Res., 2015; 63: 1-9Dinan T.G. Stilling R.M. Stanton C. Cryan J.F. Collective unconscious: How gut microbes shape human behavior J. Psychiatr. Res 2015 63 1 910.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.02.02125772005Search in Google Scholar

Milani C., Duranti S., Bottacini F., Casey E., Turroni F., Mahony J., Belzer C., Delgado Palacio S., Arboleya Montes S., Mancabelli L. i wsp.: The first microbial colonizers of the human gut: Composition, activities, and health implications of the infant gut microbiota. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., 2017; 81: e00036-17Milani C. Duranti S. Bottacini F. Casey E. Turroni F. Mahony J. Belzer C. Delgado Palacio S. Arboleya Montes S. Mancabelli L. i wsp The first microbial colonizers of the human gut: Composition, activities, and health implications of the infant gut microbiota Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev 2017 81 e00036 1710.1128/MMBR.00036-17570674629118049Search in Google Scholar

Del Chierico F., Vernocchi P., Petrucca A., Paci P., Fuentes S., Praticò G., Capuani G., Masotti A., Reddel S., Russo A. i wsp.: Phylogenetic and metabolic tracking of gut microbiota during perinatal development. PLoS One, 2015; 10: e0137347Del Chierico F. Vernocchi P. Petrucca A. Paci P. Fuentes S. Praticò G. Capuani G. Masotti A. Reddel S. Russo A. i wsp Phylogenetic and metabolic tracking of gut microbiota during perinatal development PLoS One 2015 10 e013734710.1371/journal.pone.0137347455783426332837Search in Google Scholar

Underwood M.A., German J.B., Lebrilla C.B., Mills D.A.: Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis: Champion colonizer of the infant gut. Pediatr. Res., 2015; 77: 229-235Underwood M.A. German J.B. Lebrilla C.B. Mills D.A. Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis: Champion colonizer of the infant gut Pediatr. Res 2015 77 229 23510.1038/pr.2014.156435090825303277Search in Google Scholar

Avershina E., Storrø O., Øien T., Johnsen R., Pope P., Rudi K.: Major faecal microbiota shifts in composition and diversity with age in a geographically restricted cohort of mothers and their children. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 2014; 87: 280-290Avershina E. Storrø O. Øien T. Johnsen R. Pope P. Rudi K. Major faecal microbiota shifts in composition and diversity with age in a geographically restricted cohort of mothers and their children FEMS Microbiol. Ecol 2014 87 280 29010.1111/1574-6941.1222324112053Search in Google Scholar

Bergström A., Skov T.H., Bahl M.I., Roager H.M., Christensen L.B., Ejlerskov K.T., Mølgaard C., Michaelsen K.F., Licht T.R.: Establishment of intestinal microbiota during early life: A longitudinal, explorative study of a large cohort of Danish infants. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2014; 80: 2889-2900Bergström A. Skov T.H. Bahl M.I. Roager H.M. Christensen L.B. Ejlerskov K.T. Mølgaard C. Michaelsen K.F. Licht T.R. Establishment of intestinal microbiota during early life: A longitudinal, explorative study of a large cohort of Danish infants Appl. Environ. Microbiol 2014 80 2889 290010.1128/AEM.00342-14399330524584251Search in Google Scholar

Szewczyk E.M.: Diagnostyka bakteriologiczna. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN; Warszawa 2013Szewczyk E.M. Diagnostyka bakteriologiczna Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN Warszawa 2013Search in Google Scholar

Góralska K., Dzikowiec M.: Role of microbiota in maintaining the homeostasis in the human body. Postępy Mikrobiol., 2018; 57: 5-11Góralska K. Dzikowiec M. Role of microbiota in maintaining the homeostasis in the human body Postępy Mikrobiol 2018 57 5 1110.21307/PM-2018.57.1.005Search in Google Scholar

Morrison D.J., Preston T.: Formation of short chain fatty acids by the gut microbiota and their impact on human metabolism. Gut Microbes, 2016; 7: 189-200Morrison D.J. Preston T. Formation of short chain fatty acids by the gut microbiota and their impact on human metabolism Gut Microbes 2016 7 189 20010.1080/19490976.2015.1134082493991326963409Search in Google Scholar

Binek M.: Znaczenie jelitowych mikrobiontów w utrzymaniu ogólnej homeostazy gospodarza. Post. Mikrobiol., 2015, 54: 207-216Binek M. Znaczenie jelitowych mikrobiontów w utrzymaniu ogólnej homeostazy gospodarza Post. Mikrobiol 2015 54 207 216Search in Google Scholar

Jandhyala S.M., Talukdar R., Subramanyam C., Vuyyuru H., Sasikala M., Reddy D.N.: Role of the normal gut microbiota. World J. Gastroenterol., 2015; 21: 8787-8803Jandhyala S.M. Talukdar R. Subramanyam C. Vuyyuru H. Sasikala M. Reddy D.N. Role of the normal gut microbiota World J. Gastroenterol 2015 21 8787 880310.3748/wjg.v21.i29.8787452802126269668Search in Google Scholar

Petersen C., Round J.L.: Defining dysbiosis and its influence on host immunity and disease. Cell. Microbiol., 2014; 16: 1024-1033Petersen C. Round J.L. Defining dysbiosis and its influence on host immunity and disease Cell. Microbiol 2014 16 1024 103310.1111/cmi.12308414317524798552Search in Google Scholar

Lange K., Buerger M., Stallmach A., Bruns T.: Effects of antibiotics on gut microbiota. Dig. Dis., 2016; 34: 260-268Lange K. Buerger M. Stallmach A. Bruns T. Effects of antibiotics on gut microbiota Dig. Dis 2016 34 260 26810.1159/00044336027028893Search in Google Scholar

Oriach C.S., Robertson R.C., Stanton C., Cryan J.F., Dinan T.G.: Food for thought: The role of nutrition in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Clin. Nutr. Exp., 2016; 6: 25-38Oriach C.S. Robertson R.C. Stanton C. Cryan J.F. Dinan T.G. Food for thought: The role of nutrition in the microbiota-gut-brain axis Clin. Nutr. Exp 2016 6 25 3810.1016/j.yclnex.2016.01.003Search in Google Scholar

Sandhu K.V., Sherwin E., Schellekens H., Stanton C., Dinan T.G., Cryan J.F.: Feeding the microbiota-gut-brain axis: Diet, microbiome, and neuropsychiatry. Transl. Res., 2017; 179: 223-244Sandhu K.V. Sherwin E. Schellekens H. Stanton C. Dinan T.G. Cryan J.F. Feeding the microbiota-gut-brain axis: Diet, microbiome, and neuropsychiatry Transl. Res 2017 179 223 24410.1016/j.trsl.2016.10.00227832936Search in Google Scholar

Rea K., Dinan T.G., Cryan J.F.: The microbiome: A key regulator of stress and neuroinflammation. Neurobiol. Stress, 2016; 4: 23-33Rea K. Dinan T.G. Cryan J.F. The microbiome: A key regulator of stress and neuroinflammation Neurobiol. Stress 2016 4 23 3310.1016/j.ynstr.2016.03.001514620527981187Search in Google Scholar

Wang Y., Kasper L.H.: The role of microbiome in central nervous system disorders. Brain. Behav. Immun., 2014; 38: 1-12Wang Y. Kasper L.H. The role of microbiome in central nervous system disorders Brain. Behav. Immun 2014 38 1 1210.1016/j.bbi.2013.12.015406207824370461Search in Google Scholar

de Weerth C.: Do bacteria shape our development? Crosstalk between intestinal microbiota and HPA axis. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev., 2017; 83: 458-471de Weerth C. Do bacteria shape our development? Crosstalk between intestinal microbiota and HPA axis Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev 2017 83 458 47110.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.09.01628918360Search in Google Scholar

Szajewska H.: Probiotyki w Polsce – kiedy, jakie i dlaczego? Gastroenterol. Klin., 2010; 2: 1-9Szajewska H. Probiotyki w Polsce – kiedy, jakie i dlaczego? Gastroenterol. Klin 2010 2 1 9Search in Google Scholar

Sudo N., Chida Y., Aiba Y., Sonoda J., Oyama N., Yu X.N., Kubo C., Koga Y.: Postnatal microbial colonization programs the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system for stress response in mice. J Physiol., 2004; 558: 263-275Sudo N. Chida Y. Aiba Y. Sonoda J. Oyama N. Yu X.N. Kubo C. Koga Y. Postnatal microbial colonization programs the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system for stress response in mice J Physiol 2004 558 263 27510.1113/jphysiol.2004.063388166492515133062Search in Google Scholar

Sudo N.: Stress and gut microbiota: Does postnatal microbial colonization programs the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system for stress response? Int. Congr. Ser., 2006; 1287: 350-354Sudo N. Stress and gut microbiota: Does postnatal microbial colonization programs the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system for stress response? Int Congr. Ser 2006 1287 350 35410.1016/j.ics.2005.12.019Search in Google Scholar

Crumeyrolle-Arias M., Jaglin M., Bruneau A., Vancassel S., Cardona A., Daugé V., Naudon L., Rabot S.: Absence of the gut microbiota enhances anxiety-like behavior and neuroendocrine response to acute stress in rats. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2014; 42: 207-217Crumeyrolle-Arias M. Jaglin M. Bruneau A. Vancassel S. Cardona A. Daugé V. Naudon L. Rabot S. Absence of the gut microbiota enhances anxiety-like behavior and neuroendocrine response to acute stress in rats Psychoneuroendocrinology 2014 42 207 21710.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.01.01424636517Search in Google Scholar

O’Mahony S.M., Clarke G., Borre Y.E., Dinan T.G., Cryan J.F.: Serotonin, tryptophan metabolism and the brain-gut-microbiome axis. Behav. Brain Res., 2015; 277: 32-48O’Mahony S.M. Clarke G. Borre Y.E. Dinan T.G. Cryan J.F. Serotonin, tryptophan metabolism and the brain-gut-microbiome axis Behav. Brain Res 2015 277 32 4810.1016/j.bbr.2014.07.02725078296Search in Google Scholar

Classifications of Diseases (ICD). https://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/Classifications of Diseases (ICD) https://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/Search in Google Scholar

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsmDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsmSearch in Google Scholar

Depression Key facts. https://www.who.int/en/news-room/factsheets/detail/depressionDepression Key facts https://www.who.int/en/news-room/factsheets/detail/depressionSearch in Google Scholar

Międzynarodowa Statystyczna Klasyfikacja Chorób i Problemów Zdrowotnych ICD-10 2009. https://www.csioz.gov.pl/fileadmin/user_upload/Wytyczne/statystyka/icd10tomi_56a8f5a554a18.pdfMiędzynarodowa Statystyczna Klasyfikacja Chorób i Problemów Zdrowotnych ICD-10 2009 https://www.csioz.gov.pl/fileadmin/user_upload/Wytyczne/statystyka/icd10tomi_56a8f5a554a18.pdfSearch in Google Scholar

Heitzman J.: Zaburzenia depresyjne. Edra Urban & Partner, Wrocław 2017Heitzman J. Zaburzenia depresyjne Edra Urban & Partner, Wrocław 2017Search in Google Scholar

Naseribafrouei A., Hestad K., Avershina E., Sekelja M., Linløkken A., Wilson R., Rudi K.: Correlation between the human fecal microbiota and depression. Neurogastroenterol. Motil., 2014; 26: 1155-1162Naseribafrouei A. Hestad K. Avershina E. Sekelja M. Linløkken A. Wilson R. Rudi K. Correlation between the human fecal microbiota and depression Neurogastroenterol. Motil 2014 26 1155 116210.1111/nmo.1237824888394Search in Google Scholar

Foster J.A., Rinaman L., Cryan J.F.: Stress & the gut-brain axis: Regulation by the microbiome. Neurobiol. Stress, 2017; 7: 124136Foster J.A. Rinaman L. Cryan J.F. Stress & the gut-brain axis: Regulation by the microbiome Neurobiol. Stress 2017 7 12413610.1016/j.ynstr.2017.03.001573694129276734Search in Google Scholar

Maes M., Kubera M., Leunis J.C.: The gut-brain barrier in major depression: Intestinal mucosal dysfunction with an increased translocation of LPS from gram negative enterobacteria (leaky gut) plays a role in the inflammatory pathophysiology of depression. Neuro Endocrinol. Lett., 2008; 29: 117-124Maes M. Kubera M. Leunis J.C. The gut-brain barrier in major depression: Intestinal mucosal dysfunction with an increased translocation of LPS from gram negative enterobacteria (leaky gut) plays a role in the inflammatory pathophysiology of depression Neuro Endocrinol. Lett 2008 29 117 124Search in Google Scholar

Jiang H., Ling Z., Zhang Y., Mao H., Ma Z., Yin Y., Wang W., Tang W., Tan Z., Shi J. I wsp.: Altered fecal microbiota composition in patients with major depressive disorder. Brain Behav Immun., 2015; 48: 186-194Jiang H. Ling Z. Zhang Y. Mao H. Ma Z. Yin Y. Wang W. Tang W. Tan Z. Shi J. I wsp. Altered fecal microbiota composition in patients with major depressive disorder Brain Behav Immun 2015 48 186 19410.1016/j.bbi.2015.03.01625882912Search in Google Scholar

Schizophrenia: Key facts. World Health Organization, 2018. https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/schizophreniaSchizophrenia: Key facts. World Health Organization 2018 https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/schizophreniaSearch in Google Scholar

Jarema M.: Psychiatria. PZWL Wydawnictwo Lekarskie, Warszawa 2016Jarema M. Psychiatria PZWL Wydawnictwo Lekarskie, Warszawa 2016Search in Google Scholar

Nguyen T.T., Kosciolek T., Eyler L.T., Knight R., Jeste D.V.: Overview and systematic review of studies of microbiome in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. J. Psychiatr. Res., 2018; 99: 50-61Nguyen T.T. Kosciolek T. Eyler L.T. Knight R. Jeste D.V. Overview and systematic review of studies of microbiome in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder J. Psychiatr. Res 2018 99 50 6110.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.01.013584953329407287Search in Google Scholar

Severance E.G., Gressitt K.L., Stallings C.R., Origoni A.E., Khushalani S., Leweke F.M., Dickerson F.B., Yolken R.H.: Discordant patterns of bacterial translocation markers and implications for innate immune imbalances in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res., 2013; 148: 130-137Severance E.G. Gressitt K.L. Stallings C.R. Origoni A.E. Khushalani S. Leweke F.M. Dickerson F.B. Yolken R.H. Discordant patterns of bacterial translocation markers and implications for innate immune imbalances in schizophrenia Schizophr. Res 2013 148 130 13710.1016/j.schres.2013.05.018373250723746484Search in Google Scholar

Shen Y., Xu J., Li Z., Huang Y., Yuan Y., Wang J., Zhang M., Hu S., Liang Y.: Analysis of gut microbiota diversity and auxiliary diagnosis as a biomarker in patients with schizophrenia: A crosssectional study. Schizophr. Res., 2018; 197: 470-477Shen Y. Xu J. Li Z. Huang Y. Yuan Y. Wang J. Zhang M. Hu S. Liang Y. Analysis of gut microbiota diversity and auxiliary diagnosis as a biomarker in patients with schizophrenia: A crosssectional study Schizophr. Res 2018 197 470 47710.1016/j.schres.2018.01.00229352709Search in Google Scholar

Nguyen T.T., Kosciolek T., Maldonado Y., Daly R.E., Martin A.S., McDonald D., Knight R., Jeste D.V.: Differences in gut microbiome composition between persons with chronic schizophrenia and healthy comparison subjects. Schizophr. Res., 2019; 204: 23-29Nguyen T.T. Kosciolek T. Maldonado Y. Daly R.E. Martin A.S. McDonald D. Knight R. Jeste D.V. Differences in gut microbiome composition between persons with chronic schizophrenia and healthy comparison subjects Schizophr. Res 2019 204 23 2910.1016/j.schres.2018.09.014675590130268819Search in Google Scholar

Morita C., Tsuji H., Hata T., Gondo M., Takakura S., Kawai K., Yoshihara K., Ogata K., Nomoto K., Miyazaki K., Sudo N.: Gut dysbiosis in patients with anorexia nervosa. PLoS One., 2015; 10: e0145274Morita C. Tsuji H. Hata T. Gondo M. Takakura S. Kawai K. Yoshihara K. Ogata K. Nomoto K. Miyazaki K. Sudo N. Gut dysbiosis in patients with anorexia nervosa PLoS One 2015 10 e014527410.1371/journal.pone.0145274468763126682545Search in Google Scholar

Kleiman S.C., Watson H.J., Bulik-Sullivan E.C., Huh E.Y., Tarantino L.M., Bulik C.M., Carroll I.M.: The intestinal microbiota in acute anorexia nervosa and during renourishment: Relationship to depression, anxiety, and eating disorder psychopathology. Psychosom. Med., 2015; 77: 969-981Kleiman S.C. Watson H.J. Bulik-Sullivan E.C. Huh E.Y. Tarantino L.M. Bulik C.M. Carroll I.M. The intestinal microbiota in acute anorexia nervosa and during renourishment: Relationship to depression, anxiety, and eating disorder psychopathology Psychosom. Med 2015 77 969 98110.1097/PSY.0000000000000247464336126428446Search in Google Scholar

Lee Y., Park J.Y., Lee E.H., Yang J., Jeong B.R., Kim Y.K., Seoh J.Y., Lee S., Han P.L., Kim E.J.: Rapid assessment of microbiota changes in individuals with autism spectrum disorder using bacteria-derived membrane vesicles in urine. Exp Neurobiol., 2017; 26: 307-317Lee Y. Park J.Y. Lee E.H. Yang J. Jeong B.R. Kim Y.K. Seoh J.Y. Lee S. Han P.L. Kim E.J. Rapid assessment of microbiota changes in individuals with autism spectrum disorder using bacteria-derived membrane vesicles in urine Exp Neurobiol 2017 26 307 31710.5607/en.2017.26.5.307566106329093639Search in Google Scholar

Coretti L., Paparo L., Riccio M.P., Amato F., Cuomo M., Natale A., Borrelli L., Corrado G., Comegna M., Buommino E. i wsp.: Gut microbiota features in young children with autism spectrum disorders. Front. Microbiol., 2018; 9: 3146Coretti L. Paparo L. Riccio M.P. Amato F. Cuomo M. Natale A. Borrelli L. Corrado G. Comegna M. Buommino E. i wsp Gut microbiota features in young children with autism spectrum disorders Front. Microbiol 2018 9 314610.3389/fmicb.2018.03146630574930619212Search in Google Scholar

Li Q., Han Y., Dy A.B., Hagerman R.J.: The gut microbiota and autism spectrum disorders. Front. Cell. Neurosci., 2017; 11: 120Li Q. Han Y. Dy A.B. Hagerman R.J. The gut microbiota and autism spectrum disorders Front. Cell. Neurosci 2017 11 12010.3389/fncel.2017.00120540848528503135Search in Google Scholar

Gaweł M., Potulska-Chromik A.: Choroby neurodegeneracyjne: Choroba Alzheimera i Parkinsona. Postępy Nauk Med., 2015; 28: 468-476Gaweł M. Potulska-Chromik A. Choroby neurodegeneracyjne: Choroba Alzheimera i Parkinsona Postępy Nauk Med 2015 28 468 476Search in Google Scholar

Kozubski W., Liberski P.P.: Neurologia. PZWL Wydawnictwo Lekarskie, Warszawa 2006Kozubski W. Liberski P.P. Neurologia PZWL Wydawnictwo Lekarskie, Warszawa 2006Search in Google Scholar

Vogt N.M., Kerby R.L., Dill-McFarland K.A., Harding S.J., Merluzzi A.P., Johnson S.C., Carlsson C.M., Asthana S., Zetterberg H., Blennow K. i wsp.: Gut microbiome alterations in Alzheimer’s disease. Sci Rep., 2017; 7: 13537Vogt N.M. Kerby R.L. Dill-McFarland K.A. Harding S.J. Merluzzi A.P. Johnson S.C. Carlsson C.M. Asthana S. Zetterberg H. Blennow K. i wsp Gut microbiome alterations in Alzheimer’s disease Sci Rep 2017 7 1353710.1038/s41598-017-13601-y564883029051531Search in Google Scholar

Willette A.A., Bendlin B.B., Starks E.J., Birdsill A.C., Johnson S.C., Christian B.T., Okonkwo O.C., La Rue A., Hermann B.P., Koscik R.L. i wsp.: Association of insulin resistance with cerebral glucose uptake in late middle-aged adults at risk for Alzheimer disease. JAMA Neurol., 2015; 72: 1013-1020Willette A.A. Bendlin B.B. Starks E.J. Birdsill A.C. Johnson S.C. Christian B.T. Okonkwo O.C. La Rue A. Hermann B.P. Koscik R.L. i wsp Association of insulin resistance with cerebral glucose uptake in late middle-aged adults at risk for Alzheimer disease JAMA Neurol 2015 72 1013 102010.1001/jamaneurol.2015.0613457087626214150Search in Google Scholar

Zhan X., Stamova B., Jin L.W., DeCarli C., Phinney B., Sharp F.R.: Gram-negative bacterial molecules associate with Alzheimer disease pathology. Neurology, 2016; 87: 2324-2332Zhan X. Stamova B. Jin L.W. DeCarli C. Phinney B. Sharp F.R. Gram-negative bacterial molecules associate with Alzheimer disease pathology Neurology 2016 87 2324 233210.1212/WNL.0000000000003391513502927784770Search in Google Scholar

Unger M.M., Spiegel J., Dillmann K.U., Grundmann D., Philippeit H., Bürmann J., Faßbender K., Schwiertz A., Schäfer K.H.: Short chain fatty acids and gut microbiota differ between patients with Parkinson’s disease and age-matched controls. Parkinsonism Relat Disord., 2016; 32: 66-72Unger M.M. Spiegel J. Dillmann K.U. Grundmann D. Philippeit H. Bürmann J. Faßbender K. Schwiertz A. Schäfer K.H. Short chain fatty acids and gut microbiota differ between patients with Parkinson’s disease and age-matched controls Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2016 32 66 7210.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.08.01927591074Search in Google Scholar

Hasegawa S., Goto S., Tsuji H., Okuno T., Asahara T., Nomoto K., Shibata A., Fujisawa Y., Minato T., Okamoto A. i wsp.: Intestinal dysbiosis and lowered serum lipopolysaccharide-binding protein in Parkinson’s disease. PLoS One, 2015; 10: e0142164Hasegawa S. Goto S. Tsuji H. Okuno T. Asahara T. Nomoto K. Shibata A. Fujisawa Y. Minato T. Okamoto A. i wsp Intestinal dysbiosis and lowered serum lipopolysaccharide-binding protein in Parkinson’s disease PLoS One 2015 10 e014216410.1371/journal.pone.0142164463485726539989Search in Google Scholar

Minato T., Maeda T., Fujisawa Y., Tsuji H., Nomoto K., Ohno K., Hirayama M.: Progression of Parkinson’s disease is associated with gut dysbiosis: Two-year follow-up study. PLoS One., 2017; 12: e0187307Minato T. Maeda T. Fujisawa Y. Tsuji H. Nomoto K. Ohno K. Hirayama M. Progression of Parkinson’s disease is associated with gut dysbiosis: Two-year follow-up study PLoS One 2017 12 e018730710.1371/journal.pone.0187307566553929091972Search in Google Scholar

eISSN:
1732-2693
Język:
Angielski
Częstotliwość wydawania:
Volume Open
Dziedziny czasopisma:
Life Sciences, Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Virology, Medicine, Basic Medical Science, Immunology