Effects of Demographic Characteristics and Consumer Behavior in the selection of Retail Pharmacies and Over-the-Counter Medicine
, oraz | 01 mar 2022
O artykule
Article Category: Original Paper
Data publikacji: 01 mar 2022
Zakres stron: 27 - 40
Otrzymano: 14 kwi 2018
Przyjęty: 01 cze 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/afpuc-2021-0017
Słowa kluczowe
© 2021 D.P. Kevrekidis et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
Importance of the (a) pharmacy staff in the choice of pharmacy across educational level and occupation, importance of the (b) product's advertisement and the (c) pharmacist's opinion in the choice of over-the-counter medicine across occupation.
| Mean | SD | |||
| (a) Pharmacy staff | Primary school | 15 | 4.33 | 1.39 |
| Gymnasium (lower secondary) | 45 | 4.55 | 0.69 | |
| Lyceum (upper secondary) | 110 | 4.20 | 0.92 | |
| University | 90 | 3.95 | 1.06 | |
| Post-graduate | 25 | 4.16 | 0.80 | |
| Doctorate | 12 | 4.50 | 0.52 | |
| 297 | 4.19 | 0.96 | ||
| (a) Pharmacy staff | Student | 15 | 3.60 | 1.12 |
| Unemployed | 33 | 3.63 | 1.24 | |
| Homemaker | 42 | 4.33 | 0.75 | |
| Part-time worker | 20 | 3.90 | 0.91 | |
| Full-time worker | 87 | 4.18 | 0.99 | |
| Self-employed | 18 | 3.83 | 0.78 | |
| Retired | 84 | 4.63 | 0.67 | |
| 299 | 4.20 | 0.96 | ||
| (b) Product's advertisement | Student | 15 | 2.93 | 1.22 |
| Unemployed | 34 | 2.82 | 1.35 | |
| Homemaker | 42 | 2.92 | 1.31 | |
| Part-time worker | 20 | 3.05 | 1.23 | |
| Full-time worker | 87 | 3.28 | 1.04 | |
| Self-employed | 18 | 2.33 | 1.13 | |
| Retired | 84 | 2.84 | 1.19 | |
| 300 | 2.97 | 1.20 | ||
| (c) Pharmacist's opinion | Student | 15 | 3.93 | 0.59 |
| Unemployed | 34 | 4.05 | 0.98 | |
| Homemaker | 42 | 4.52 | 0.77 | |
| Part-time worker | 20 | 4.20 | 0.69 | |
| Full-time worker | 86 | 4.31 | 0.77 | |
| Self-employed | 18 | 4.00 | 0.76 | |
| Retired | 84 | 4.47 | 0.71 | |
| 299 | 4.31 | 0.78 |
Spearman's correlations among factors influencing (a) the choice of pharmacy and (b) the purchase of OTC medicine.
| (a) Pharmacy criteria | ||||||||
| The pharmacy's location (1) | - | |||||||
| The pharmacy staff (2) | 0.29 |
- | ||||||
| The product range (3) | 0.26 |
0.25 |
- | |||||
| The additional services (4) | 0.15 |
0.25 |
0.40 |
- | ||||
| The membership programme (5) | 0.04 |
0.21 |
0.22 |
0.46 |
- | |||
| Anonymity/confidentiality (6) | 0.11 |
0.35 |
0.30 |
0.29 |
0.22 |
- | ||
| The store's atmosphere (7) | 0.22 |
0.40 |
0.39 |
0.35 |
0.21 |
0.41 |
- | |
| The opening hours (8) | 0.30 |
0.19 |
0.21 |
0.21 |
0.18 |
0.22 |
0.27 |
- |
| (b) OTC product criteria | ||||||||
| The drug's country of origin (1) | - | |||||||
| The manufacturing company (2) | 0.77 |
- | ||||||
| Packaging (3) | 0.36 |
0.38 |
- | |||||
| Experience of a previous use (4) | 0.26 |
0.28 |
0.13 |
- | ||||
| The product's advertisement (5) | 0.01 |
0.06 |
0.29 |
0.11 |
- | |||
| The pharmacist's opinion (6) | 0.05 |
0.06 |
0.02 |
0.18 |
0.13 |
- | ||
| Family's/friends’ opinion (7) | 0.01 |
0.06 |
0.17 |
0.10 |
0.38 |
0.21 |
- | |
| The product's price (8) | 0.07 |
0.09 |
0.19 |
0.05 |
0.00 |
0.30 |
0.15 |
- |
(a) Tendency to make purchases in a single pharmacy across educational level and occupation; (b) relationship with the pharmacy staff across occupation; (c) purchase patterns of over-the-counter medicine across educational level; (d) unscheduled purchases of over-the-counter medicine across gender and occupation.
| Yes, always | Yes, most of the time | No, I make my purchases in various pharmacies | Total | |
| Primary school | 11 (73.3%) | 3 (20.0%) | 1 (6.7%) | 15 (100.0%) |
| Gymnasium (lower secondary) | 21 (46.7%) | 19 (42.2%) | 5 (11.1%) | 45 (100.0%) |
| Lyceum (upper secondary) | 32 (29.1%) | 50 (45.5%) | 28 (25.5%) | 110 (100.0%) |
| University | 24 (26.7%) | 41 (45.6%) | 25 (27.8%) | 90 (100.0%) |
| Post-graduate | 3 (12.0%) | 10 (56.0%) | 8 (32.0%) | 25 (100.0%) |
| Doctorate | 3 (25.0%) | 6 (50.0%) | 3 (25.0%) | 12 (100.0%) |
| 94 (31.6%) | 133 (44.8%) | 70 (23.6%) | 297 (100.0%) | |
| Yes, always | Yes, most of the time | No, I make my purchases in various pharmacies | Total | |
| Student | 1 (6.7%) | 8 (53.3%) | 6 (40.0%) | 15 (100.0%) |
| Unemployed | 5 (14.7%) | 14 (41.2%) | 15 (44.1%) | 34 (100.0%) |
| Homemaker | 14 (34.1%) | 18 (43.9%) | 9 (22.0%) | 41 (100.0%) |
| Part-time worker | 4 (20.0%) | 8 (40.0%) | 8 (40.0%) | 20 (100.0%) |
| Full-time worker | 16 (18.4%) | 46 (52.9%) | 25 (28.7%) | 87 (100.0%) |
| Self-employed | 3 (16.7%) | 10 (55.6%) | 5 (27.8%) | 18 (100.0%) |
| Retired | 52 (61.9%) | 30 (35.7%) | 2 (2.4%) | 84 (100.0%) |
| 95 (31.8%) | 134 (44.8%) | 70 (23.4%) | 299 (100.0%) | |
| I want it to be familiar | I want it to be formal | I don’t want the staff to recognise me | Total | |
| Student | 3 (20.0%) | 12 (80.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 15 (100.0%) |
| Unemployed | 17 (50.0%) | 14 (41.2%) | 3 (8.8%) | 34 (100.0%) |
| Homemaker | 28 (68.3%) | 11 (26.8%) | 2 (4.9%) | 41 (100.0%) |
| Part-time worker | 13 (65.0%) | 7 (35.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 20 (100.0%) |
| Full-time worker | 57 (65.5%) | 25 (28.7%) | 5 (5.7%) | 87 (100.0%) |
| Self-employed | 13 (72.2%) | 5 (27.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 18 (100.0%) |
| Retired | 75 (89.3%) | 7 (8.3%) | 2 (2.4%) | 84 (100.0%) |
| 206 (68.9%) | 81 (27.1%) | 12 (4.0%) | 299 (100.0%) | |
| I know exactly what I need | I know approximately what I need | I don’t know what I need | Total | |
| Primary school | 12 (80.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (20.0%) | 15 (100.0%) |
| Gymnasium (lower secondary) | 23 (51.1%) | 21 (46.7%) | 1 (2.2%) | 45 (100.0%) |
| Lyceum (upper secondary) | 57 (51.4%) | 49 (44.1%) | 5 (4.5%) | 111 (100.0%) |
| University | 42 (48.3%) | 43 (49.4%) | 2 (2.3%) | 87 (100.0%) |
| Post-graduate | 14 (56.0%) | 11 (44.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 25 (100.0%) |
| Doctorate | 7 (58.3%) | 5 (41.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 12 (100.0%) |
| 155 (52.5%) | 129 (43.7%) | 11 (3.7%) | 295 (100.0%) | |
| Yes, often | Yes, sometimes | No, never | Total | |
| Female | 8 (4.4%) | 96 (52.5%) | 79 (43.2%) | 183 (100.0%) |
| Male | 8 (7.0%) | 43 (37.7%) | 63 (55.3%) | 114 (100.0%) |
| 16 (5.4%) | 139 (46.8%) | 142 (47.8%) | 297 (100.0%) | |
| Yes, often | Yes, sometimes | No, never | Total | |
| Student | 0 (0.0%) | 7 (46.7%) | 8 (53.3%) | 15 (100.0%) |
| Unemployed | 4 (12.1%) | 14 (42.4%) | 15 (45.5%) | 33 (100.0%) |
| Homemaker | 5 (11.9%) | 25 (59.5%) | 12 (28.6%) | 42 (100.0%) |
| Part-time worker | 1 (5.0%) | 12 (60.0%) | 7 (35.0%) | 20 (100.0%) |
| Full-time worker | 0 (0.0%) | 42 (48.8%) | 44 (51.2%) | 86 (100.0%) |
| Self-employed | 1 (5.6%) | 8 (44.4%) | 9 (50.0%) | 18 (100.0%) |
| Retired | 5 (6.0%) | 31 (37.3%) | 47 (56.6%) | 83 (100.0%) |
| 16 (5.4%) | 139 (46.8%) | 142 (47.8%) | 297 (100.0%) | |
Importance of the (a) product's country of origin, (b) manufacturing company and (c) the pharmacist's opinion in the choice of over-the-counter medicine across income level.
| (a) Product's country of origin | Under 400 € | 86 | 3.39 | 1.22 |
| 400–800 € | 96 | 3.48 | 1.20 | |
| 801–1200 € | 77 | 3.93 | 1.13 | |
| 1201–1600 € | 24 | 3.91 | 0.88 | |
| 1601–2000 € | 9 | 3.55 | 1.13 | |
| Over 2000 € | 6 | 4.33 | 0.81 | |
| Total | 298 | 3.63 | 1.17 | |
| (b) Product's manufacturing company | Under 400 € | 86 | 3.29 | 1.28 |
| 400–800 € | 95 | 3.24 | 1.26 | |
| 801–1200 € | 77 | 3.87 | 1.03 | |
| 1201–1600 € | 24 | 3.87 | 0.89 | |
| 1601–2000 € | 9 | 3.88 | 1.16 | |
| Over 2000 € | 6 | 4.16 | 0.98 | |
| Total | 297 | 3.50 | 1.20 | |
| (c) Pharmacist's opinion | Under 400 € | 86 | 4.18 | 0.86 |
| 400–800 € | 96 | 4.44 | 0.73 | |
| 801–1200 € | 78 | 4.42 | 0.71 | |
| 1201–1600 € | 24 | 4.04 | 0.75 | |
| 1601–2000 € | 9 | 4.22 | 0.83 | |
| Over 2000 € | 6 | 3.83 | 0.98 | |
| Total | 299 | 4.31 | 0.78 |