[
Adkins, L. (2017). Disobedient workers, the law and the making of unemployment markets. Sociology, 51 (2), 290–305.10.1177/0038038515598276
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bartlett, W. (1991). Quasi-markets and contracts: A markets and hierarchies perspective on NHS reform. Public Money and Management, 11 (3), 53–61.10.1080/09540969109387669
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bennett, H. (2017). Re-examining British welfare-to-work contracting using a transaction cost perspective. Journal of Social Policy, 46 (1), 129–48.10.1017/S0047279416000337
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Boland, T., & Griffin, R. (2015). The death of unemployment and the birth of job-seeking in welfare policy: Governing a liminal experience 1. Irish Journal of Sociology, 23 (2), 29–48.10.7227/IJS.23.2.3
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Boland, T., & Griffin, R. (2018). The purgatorial ethic and the spirit of welfare. Journal of Classical Sociology, 18 (2), 87–103.10.1177/1468795X17722079
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bonoli, G. (2010). The political economy of active labor-market policy. Politics & Society, 38 (4), 435–57.10.1177/0032329210381235
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bredgaard, T., & Larsen, F. (2007). Implementing public employment policy: What happens when non-public agencies take over? International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 27 (7/8), 287–300.10.1108/01443330710773863
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Brodkin, E. Z. (2011). Policy work: Street-level organisations under new managerialism. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 21 (supplement), i253–i277.10.1093/jopart/muq093
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Brodkin, E. Z. (2013a). Street-level organisations and the welfare state. In E. Z. Brodkin & G. Marston (Eds), Work and the welfare state: Street-level organisations and workfare politics (pp. 17–36). Copenhagen: Djof.10.4324/9781315694474-3
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Brodkin, E. Z. (2013b). Work and the welfare state. In E. Z. Brodkin & G. Marston (Eds), Work and the welfare state: Street-level organisations and workfare politics (pp. 3–16). Copenhagen: Djof.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Carter, E., & Whitworth, A. (2015). Creaming and parking in quasi-marketised welfare-to-work schemes: Designed out of or designed into the UK Work Programme? Journal of Social Policy, 44 (2), 277–96.10.1017/S0047279414000841
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Comptroller and Auditor General. (2018). Report on the accounts of the public services 2017. Dublin: Government of Ireland.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Considine, M., Lewis, J. M., & O’Sullivan, S. (2011). Quasi-markets and service delivery flexibility following a decade of employment assistance reform in Australia. Journal of Social Policy, 40 (4), 811–33.10.1017/S0047279411000213
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Considine, M., Lewis, J. M., O’Sullivan, S., & Sol, E. (2015). Getting welfare to work: Street-level governance in Australia, the UK, and the Netherlands. Oxford: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198743705.001.0001
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Considine, M., O’Sullivan, S., McGann, M., & Nguyen, P. (2020). Contracting personalization by results: Comparing marketization reforms in the UK and Australia. Public Administration, 98 (4), 873–90.10.1111/padm.12662
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Cousins, M. (2019). Welfare conditionality in the Republic of Ireland after the Great Recession. Journal of Social Security Law, 26 (1), 30–41.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Department of Employment Affairs and Social Protection. (2019). Evaluation of JobPath outcomes for Q1 2016 participants. Dublin: Department of Employment Affairs and Social Protection.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Department of Public Expenditure and Reform. (2011). Public service reform plan. Dublin: Department of Public Expenditure and Reform.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Department of Public Expenditure and Reform. (2014). Public sector reform plan 2014–2016. Dublin: Department of Public Expenditure and Reform.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Department of Social Protection. (2013). Request for tender by the Department of Social Protection for the provision of employment services. Dublin: Department of Social Protection.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Dukelow, F., & Considine, M. (2014). Between retrenchment and recalibration: The impact of austerity on the Irish social protection system. Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, 41 (1), 55.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Fuertes, V., & Lindsay, C. (2016). Personalisation and street-level practice in activation: The case of the UK’s Work Programme. Public Administration, 94 (2), 526–41.10.1111/padm.12234
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Government of Ireland. (2011). Government for national recovery 2011–16. Dublin: Government of Ireland.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Greer, I. (2016). Welfare reform, precarity and the re-commodification of labour. Work, Employment and Society, 31 (1), 162–73.10.1177/0950017015572578
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Greer, I., Breidahl, K. N., Knuth, M., & Larsen, F. (2017). The marketization of employment services: The dilemmas of Europe’s work-first welfare states. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Grover, C. (2009). Privatizing employment services in Britain. Critical Social Policy, 29 (3), 487–509.10.1177/0261018309105181
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hill, J. (2013). The marketization of employment services and the British Work Programme. Competition and Change, 17 (2), 197–207.10.1179/1024529413Z.00000000033
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Holden, C. (2003). Decommodification and the workfare state. Political Studies Review, 1, 303–16.10.1111/1478-9299.t01-2-00001
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Indecon. (2018). Indecon review of Local Employment Services. Dublin: Indecon International Economic Consultants.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kallio, J., Blomberg, H., & Kroll, C. (2013). Social workers’ attitudes towards the unemployed in Nordic countries. International Journal of Social Welfare, 22 (1), 219–29.10.1111/j.1468-2397.2012.00891.x
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kelly, E., McGuinness, S., Redmond, P., Savage, M., & Walsh, J. R. (2019). An initial evaluation of the effectiveness of Intreo activation reforms. Dublin: Economic and Social Research Institute.10.26504/rs81
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Köppe, S., & MacCarthaigh, M. (2019). Public service integration in hard times: Merging unemployment benefit and labour market activation measures. Administration, 67 (2), 137–60.10.2478/admin-2019-0017
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Labour Market Advisory Council. (2020). Preparing for economic recovery. Dublin: Labour Market Advisory Council.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lavelle, O., & Callaghan, N. (2018). Public Employment Services: Mapping activation. Dublin: Department of Public Expenditure and Reform.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Le Grand, J. (1997). Knights, knaves or pawns? Human behaviour and social policy. Journal of Social Policy, 26 (2), 149–69.10.1017/S0047279497004984
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Le Grand, J. (2010). Knights and knaves return: Public service motivation and the delivery of public services. International Public Management Journal, 13 (1), 56–71.10.1080/10967490903547290
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Le Grand, J., & Bartlett, W. (1993a). Introduction. In J. Le Grand & W. Bartlett (Eds), Quasi-markets and social policy (pp. 1–12). London: Macmillan.10.1007/978-1-349-22873-7_1
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Le Grand, J., & Bartlett, W. (1993b). Quasi-markets and social policy: The way forward? In J. Le Grand & W. Bartlett (Eds), Quasi-markets and social policy (pp. 202–20). London: Macmillan.10.1007/978-1-349-22873-7_9
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Lowe, S. (2015). JobPath: The proposed introduction of an employment programme in the Republic of Ireland. The Public Sphere, 3 (2), 113–30.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
MacCarthaigh, M. (2017). Reforming the Irish public service: A multiple streams perspective. Administration, 65 (2), 145–64.10.1515/admin-2017-0019
]Search in Google Scholar
[
MacCarthaigh, M., & Hardiman, N. (2020). Exploiting conditionality: EU and international actors and post-NPM reform in Ireland. Public Policy and Administration, 35 (2), 179–200.10.1177/0952076718796548
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Martin, J. P. (2015). Activation and active labour market policies in OECD countries: Stylised facts and evidence on their effectiveness. IZA Journal of Labor Policy, 4 (4).10.1186/s40173-015-0032-y
]Search in Google Scholar
[
McCarthy, C., McNally, D., McLaughlin, P., O’Connell, M., Slattery, W., & Walsh, M. (2009). Report of the Special Group on Public Service Numbers and Expenditure Programmes. Dublin: Department of Finance.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
McDonald, C., & Marston, G. (2008). Motivating the unemployed? Attitudes at the front line. Australian Social Work, 61 (4), 315–26.10.1080/03124070802428167
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Mead, L. (1986). Beyond entitlement: The social obligations of citizenship. New York: The Free Press.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Morris, L. (2020). Activating the welfare subject: The problem of agency. Sociology, 54 (2), 275–91.10.1177/0038038519867635
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Murphy, M. P., & Hearne, R. (2019). Implementing marketisation: Comparing Irish activation and social housing. Irish Political Studies, 34 (3), 444–63.10.1080/07907184.2019.1583215
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Murphy, M. P., Irwin, A., & Maher, M. (2020). Winners and losers? The social marketisation of civil society. Galway: Maynooth University Social Sciences Institute and Community Work Ireland.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Murray, C. (1984). Losing ground. Philadelphia: Basic Books.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Newman, J. (2007). The ‘double dynamics’ of activation: Institutions, citizens and the remaking of welfare governance. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 27 (9/10), 364–75.10.1108/01443330710822066
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Peck, J. (2001). Workfare states. New York: The Guildford Press.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Rogers, S. (2014, April 30). Fears over companies outsourcing JobPath. Irish Examiner. Retrieved from https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/arid-20266960.html [23 March 2021].
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Shutes, I., & Taylor, R. (2014). Conditionality and the financing of employment services: Implications for the social divisions of work and welfare. Social Policy and Administration, 48 (2), 204–20.10.1111/spol.12057
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Soss, J., Fording, R., & Schram, S. (2011). Disciplining the poor: Neoliberal paternalism and the persistent power of race. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.10.7208/chicago/9780226768786.001.0001
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Soss, J., Fording, R., & Schram, S. (2013). Performance management as a disciplinary regime: Street-level organizations in a neoliberal era of poverty governance. In E. Brodkin & G. Marston (Eds), Work and the welfare state: Street-level organisations and workfare politics (pp. 125–42). Copenhagen: Djof.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Struyven, L., & Steurs, G. (2005). Design and redesign of a quasi-market for the reintegration of jobseekers: Empirical evidence from Australia and the Netherlands. Journal of European Social Policy, 15 (3), 211–29.10.1177/0958928705054083
]Search in Google Scholar
[
van Berkel, R. (2013). Triple activation: Introducing welfare-to-work into Dutch social assistance. In E. Brodkin & G. Marston (Eds), Work and the welfare state: Street-level organisations and workfare politics (pp. 87–102). Copenhagen: Djof.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
van Berkel, R. (2017). State of the art in frontline studies of welfare-to-work: A literature review. In R. van Berkel, D. Caswell, P. Kupka, & F. Larsen (Eds), Frontline delivery of welfare-to-work policies in Europe: Activating the unemployed (pp. 12–35). London: Routledge.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
van Berkel, R., & Knies, E. (2016). Performance management, caseloads and the frontline provision of social services. Social Policy and Administration, 50 (1), 59–78.10.1111/spol.12150
]Search in Google Scholar
[
van Berkel, R., & van Der Aa, P. (2005). The marketization of activation services: A modern panacea? Some lessons from the Dutch experience. Journal of European Social Policy, 15 (4), 329–43.10.1177/0958928705057264
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Whelan, J. (2021). We have our dignity, yeah? Scrutiny under suspicion: Experiences of welfare conditionality in the Irish social protection system. Social Policy and Administration, 55 (1), 34–50.10.1111/spol.12610
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Wiggan, J. (2015a). Varieties of marketisation in the UK: Examining divergence in activation markets between Great Britain and Northern Ireland 2008–2014. Policy Studies, 36 (2), 115–132.10.1080/01442872.2014.996934
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Wiggan, J. (2015b). What variety of employment service quasi-market? Ireland’s JobPath as a private power market. Social Policy Review, 27, 151–65.10.2307/j.ctt1t894dv.13
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Wright, S. (2012). Welfare-to-work, agency and personal responsibility. Journal of Social Policy, 42 (2), 309–28.10.1017/S0047279411001000
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Zacka, B. (2017). When the state meets the street: Public service and moral agency. Cambridge MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.10.4159/9780674981423
]Search in Google Scholar
