A Postmortem Finding of a Colloid Goiter in an American Black Bear (Ursus Americanus)

1 Brown G. Bear anatomy and physiology. In: The Great Bear Almanac. New York: Lyons & Burford, Publishers; 1993, 46–93. Search in Google Scholar

2 Nelson R, Folk GJ, Pfeiffer E, Craighead J, Jonkel C, Steiger D: Behavior, biochemistry, and hibernation in black, grizzly, and polar bears. Bears: their biology and management 1983, 284–290. Search in Google Scholar

3 Tøien Ø, Blake J, Edgar D, Grahn D, Heller H, Barnes B: Hibernation in black bears: independence of metabolic suppression from body temperature. Science 2011, 331:906–909. Search in Google Scholar

4 McAninch E, Bianco A: Thyroid hormone signaling in energy homeostasis and energy metabolism. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2014, 1311:77–87. Search in Google Scholar

5 Frøbert A, Nielsen C, Brohus C, Kindberg J, Fröbert O, Overgaard M: Hypothyroidism in hibernating brown bears. Thyroid Res 2023, 16:1–8. Search in Google Scholar

6 Storms T, Beazley S, Schumacher J, Ramsay E: Thyroid cystadenoma, colloid goiter, and hypothyroidism in an American black bear (Ursus americanus). J Zoo Wildl Med 2004, 35(1):82–87. Search in Google Scholar

7 Russell WC: Hypothyroidism in a grizzly bear. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1970, 1:157(5):656–62. Search in Google Scholar

8 Saber S: Splanchnologia. In: Constantinescu G, Illustrated veterinary anatomical nomenclature, 4th edn, Тheme Verlag KG, Stuttgart 2018, 231–233. Search in Google Scholar

9 Seeger J: In: Seeger J., Stofel M., Simoens P., (Ed.). Nomina Histologica Veterinaria. Submitted by the International Committee on Veterinary Histological Nomenclature (ICVHN) to the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists 2017, 44. Search in Google Scholar

10 Rosol T, Meuten D: Tumors of the endocrine glands. In: Meuten D. (Ed.). Tumors in domestic animals, 6^th ed, John Wiley & Sons, Raleigh, North Carolina 2017, 766–833. Search in Google Scholar

11 Jones T, Hunt R, King N: Endocrine glands. In: Jones, T., R. Hunt, N. King (Ed.). Veterinary Pathology, 6^th ed. Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1997, 1236–1240. Search in Google Scholar

12 Silva JE: Thyroid Hormone Control of Thermogenesis and Energy Balance. Thyroid 1995, 5(6):481–492. Search in Google Scholar

13 Bancroft J, Gamble M: Theory and practice of histological techniques. 6th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone 2008, 174–186. Search in Google Scholar

14 Weber AL, Randolph G, Aksoy FG: The thyroid and parathyroid glands. CT and MR imaging and correlation with pathology and clinical findings. Radiol Clin North Am 2000, 38(5):1105–1129. Search in Google Scholar

15 Saeedan B, Aljohani I, Khushaim A, Bukhari S, Elnaas S: Thyroid computed tomography imaging: pictorial review of variable pathologies. Insights Imaging 2016, 7(4):601–17. Search in Google Scholar

16 Taeymans O, Schwarz T, Duchateau L, Barberet V, Gielen I, Haskins M, Van Bree H, Saunders JH: Computed tomographic features of the normal canine thyroid gland. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2008, 49(1), 13–19. Search in Google Scholar

17 Drost WT, Mattoon JS, Samii VF, Weisbrode SE, Hoshaw-Woodard SL: Computed tomographic densitometry of normal feline thyroid glands. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2004, 45(2), 112–116. Search in Google Scholar

18 Manov V: General Veterinary Medicine Pathology (BG), Panev Publishing, Sofia; 2022, 21–57. Search in Google Scholar

19 Miller M: Endocrine system. In: Zachary, J. (Ed.) Pathologic basis of veterinary disease, 6^th ed, Elsevier Health Sciences, Urbana, Illinois; 2017, 682–723 Search in Google Scholar