Ocular Manifestations of Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome

1. World Health Organization. COVID-19 weekly epidemiological update. Global overview. Edition 90 [Internet]. Geneva:WHO; 2022 [updated 2022 May 4; cited 2022 May 25]. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports Search in Google Scholar

2. Hoste L, Van Paemel R, Haerynck F. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children related to COVID-19: a systematic review. Eur J Pediatr. 2021;180(7):2019–34; DOI:10.1007/s00431-021-03993-5.789054433599835 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

3. Wang Z, Zhou Q, Wang C, Shi Q, Lu S, Ma Y, Luo X, Xun Y, Li W, Baskota M, Yang Y, Zhai H, Fukuoka T, Ahn HS, Lee MS, Luo Z, Liu E, Chen Y. Clinical characteristics of children with COVID-19: a rapid review and meta-analysis. Ann Transl Med. 2020;8(10):620–620; DOI:10.21037/atm-20-3302.729061932566557 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

4. Jones VG, Mills M, Suarez D, Hogan CA, Yeh D, Segal JB, Nguyen EL, Barsh GR, Maskatia S, Mathew R. COVID-19 and Kawasaki disease: novel virus and novel case. Hosp Pediatr. 2020;10(6):537–40; DOI:10.1542/hpeds.2020-0123.32265235 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

5. Jatczak-Pawlik I, Lewek J, Czkwianianc E, Blomberg A, Krysiak N, Zeman K, Jankowski P, Banach M. Biochemical and cardiovascular predictors of PIMS-TS risk in children after COVID-19 recovery: preliminary results of the LATE-COVID-Kids Study. Arch Med Sci. 2022;18(2):545–52; DOI: https://doi//doi.org/10.5114/aoms/146827.10.5114/aoms/146827892483235316904 Search in Google Scholar

6. Okarska-Napierała M, Ludwikowska K, Jackowska T, Książyk J, Buda P, Mazur A, Szenborn L, Werner B, Wysocki J, Kuchar E. Approach to a child with Multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID19. Recommendations by the Polish Paediatric Society Expert Group. Update – February 2021. Pediatr Pol. 2021;96(2):121–8; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/polp.2021.107395. Search in Google Scholar

7. Tang Y, Li W, Baskota M, Zhou Q, Fu Z, Luo Z, Shi Y, Chen Y, Liu E. Multisy-stem inflammatory syndrome in children during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: a systematic review of published case studies. Transl Pediatr. 2021;10(1):121-135; DOI:10.21037/tp-20-188.788229333633944 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

8. World Human Organization. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and adolescents temporally related to COVID-19 [Internet]. Geneva:WHO; 2022 [updated 2022 May 15; cited 2022 May 25] Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/multisystem-inflammatory-syndrome-in-children-and-adolescents-with-covid-19. Search in Google Scholar

9. Arí zaga-Ballesteros V, Gutierrez-Mendoza MA, Villanueva-Sugishima KR, Santos-Guzmán J. Pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a new thread in pandemic era. Glob Pediatr Health. 2021;8:2333794X2110503; DOI:10.1177/2333794X211050311.855920534734104 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

10. Williams KB, Lewis ZB. Multisystem Inflammatory syndrome in U.S. children and adolescents. J Emerg Med. 2021;60(1):129–30; DOI: https://doi//doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2020.12.022.10.1016/j.jemermed.2020.12.022 Search in Google Scholar

11. Carter MJ, Shankar-Hari M, Tibby SM. Paediatric inflammatory multi-system syndrome temporally-associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: an overview. Intensive Care Med. 2021;47(1):90–3; DOI:10.1007/s00134-020-06273-2.755660133057783 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

12. Consiglio CR, Cotugno N, Sardh F, Pou C, Amodio D, Rodriguez L, Tan Z, Zicari S, Ruggiero A, Pascucci GR, Santilli V, Campbell T, Bryceson Y, Eriksson D, Wang J, Marchesi A, Lakshmikanth T, Campana A, Villani A, Rossi P, CACTUS Study Team, Landegren N, Palma P, Brodin P. The Immunology of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children with COVID-19. Cell. 2020;183(4):968-981.e7; DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.016.747486932966765 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

13. Son MBF, Friedman K. COVID-19: multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) management and outcome. [Internet]. Mechelen:Wolters Kluwer; 2020 [updated 2021 Oct 12; cited 2022 May 25]. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-multisystem-inflammatory-syndrome-in-children-mis-c-management-and-outcome?search=mis-c&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~94&usage_type=default&display_rank=1 Search in Google Scholar

14. Abrams JY, Godfred-Cato SE, Oster ME, Chow EJ, Koumans EH, Bryant B, Leung JW, Belay ED. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: a systematic review. J Pediatr. 2020;226:45-54.e1; DOI:10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.08.003. Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

15. Lo TC, Chen YY. Ocular and systemic manifestations in paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19. J Clin Med. 2021;10(13):2953; DOI:10.3390/jcm10132953. Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

16. Loffredo L, Pacella F, Pacella E, Tiscione G, Oliva A, Violi F. Conjunctivitis and COVID-19: a meta-analysis. J Med Virol. 2020;92(9):1413–4; DOI:10.1002/jmv.25938. Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

17. Klučka J, Kratochví l M, Dominik P, Homola L, Horák O, Nečas J, Jabandžiev P, S tourač P. COVID-19 associated paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS) in children. Covid-19. Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol. 2021;70(4):281-284. Search in Google Scholar

18. Mandal A, Kumari E, Roy A, Bandyopadhyay M. Ocular manifestations and clinical profile of multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children during COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Res Med Sci. 2021;10(1):173; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20215050.10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20215050 Search in Google Scholar

19. Karthika IK, Gulla KM, John J, Satapathy AK, Sahu S, Behera B, Mishra P. COVID-19 related multi-inflammatory syndrome presenting with uveitis - a case report. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2021;69(5):1319; DOI:10.4103/ijo.IJO_52_21. Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

20. O ztürk C, Yüce Sezen A, Savaş Şen Z, O zdem S. Bilateral acute anterior uveitis and corneal punctate epitheliopathy in children diagnosed with multisystem inflammatory syndrome secondary to COVID-19. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2021;29(4):700–4; DOI:10.1080/09273948.2021.1909070. Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

21. Wong Chung JERE, Engin O, Wolfs TFW, Renson TJC, de Boer JH. Anterior uveitis in paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2. Lancet. 2021;397(10281):e10; DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00579-1. Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

22. Arkan I, Demir ST, Livan EH, Elçioğlu MN. Ocular manifestations of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children with COVID-19. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2021;40(9):e356-e358; DOI:10.1097/INF.0000000000003216.34117201 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

23. Sinha A, Dwivedi D, Dwivedi A, Bajaj N. Optic neuritis as a presenting symptom of post-COVID-19 multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Indian J Pediatr. 2021;88(12):1269–1269; DOI:10.1007/s12098-021-03921-3.835526634379300 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

24. Henderson LA, Canna SW, Friedman KG, Gorelik M, Lapidus SK, Bassiri H, Behrens EM, Ferris A, Kernan KF, Schulert GS, Seo P, F Son MB, Tremoulet AH, Yeung RSM, Mudano AS, Turner AS, Karp DR, Mehta JJ. American College of Rheumatology Clinical Guidance for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with SARS-CoV-2 and hyperinflammation in pediatric COVID-19: version 1. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2020;72(11):1791-1805; DOI:10.1002/art.41454.740511332705809 Open DOISearch in Google Scholar

25. Harwood R, Allin B, Jones CE, Whittaker E, Ramnarayan P, Ramanan AV, Kaleem M, Tulloh R, Peters MJ, Almond S, Davis PJ, Levin M, Tometzki A, Faust SN, Knight M, Kenny S, PIMS-TS National Consensus Management Study Group. A national consensus management pathway for paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19 (PIMS-TS): results of a national Delphi process. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2021;5(2):133–41; DOI:10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30304-7. Open DOISearch in Google Scholar