<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>Recent advances in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnostics have improved the management of disease progression significantly, which have also boosted the efficacy of antiviral therapies. The detection of HIV at the earliest is very important. A highly recognized and effective virological biomarker for acute HIV infections is p24 antigen. This brief overview is based on advances of HIV diagnosis while focusing on the latest HIV testing technologies including HIV-specific antigens detecting assays of both anti-HIV antibodies and p24 antigen. In addition to other emerging molecular diagnostics for acute HIV infection, the utilization of p24 antigen has been summarized. Moreover, it has been explained how these immunoassays have reduced the window period for detection of HIV in the acute stage of infection.</p>
</abstract>

Recent advances in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnostics have improved the management of disease progression significantly, which have also boosted the efficacy of antiviral therapies. The detection of HIV at the earliest is very important. A highly recognized and effective virological biomarker for acute HIV infections is p24 antigen. This brief overview is based on advances of HIV diagnosis while focusing on the latest HIV testing technologies including HIV-specific antigens detecting assays of both anti-HIV antibodies and p24 antigen. In addition to other emerging molecular diagnostics for acute HIV infection, the utilization of p24 antigen has been summarized. Moreover, it has been explained how these immunoassays have reduced the window period for detection of HIV in the acute stage of infection.

The contemporary immunoassays for HIV diagnosis: a concise overview

Department of Health and Biological Sciences

Department of Zoology, Government Degree College Lakarai

Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science

Asian Biomedicine

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

{"article-title":"The contemporary immunoassays for HIV diagnosis: a concise overview"}

Recent advances in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnostics have improved the management of disease progression significantly, which have also boosted...

S. no.	Legend	Reported by
Nanoparticles/beads based
1	Gold†	[50]
2	Platinum-shell coated gold‡	[67]
3	Carbon§	[68]
4	Latex†	[69]
Enzyme based
5	Urease\|\|	[70]
6	Catalase\|\|	[71]
7	Horseradish peroxidase\|\|	[72]
8	Alkaline phosphatase\|\|	[73]
9	Glucose oxidase\|\|	[74]

Test	Manufacturer	Specificity (%)	References
ADVIA Centaur HIV Ag/Ab Combo	Siemens	99.74	[28]
AxSYM HIV Ag/Ab Combo	Abbott Laboratories	99.9	[29]
ARCHITECT HIV Combo	Abbott Laboratories	99.4	[30]
VIDAS HIV DUO Ultra	BioMerieux	99.84	[31]
Cobas Core HIV Combi EIA	Roche Diagnostics	99.3	[30]
Elecsys HIV Combi	Roche Diagnostics	99.8	[32]
HIV Combi Modular E170	Roche Diagnostics	99.7	[30]
Enzygnost HIV Integral	Dade Behring	99.6	[30]
Genscreen Ag/Ab HIV Ultra	Bio Rad	99.7	[30]
Genscreen PlusHIV Ag/Ab	Bio Rad	99.9	[28]
Vironostika HIV Uniform II Ag/Ab	Organon Teknika	97.21	[30]
Liaison XL Murex HIV Ab/Ag	DiaSorin	98.5	[33]

The contemporary immunoassays for HIV diagnosis: a concise overview

Article Category: Mini review

Data publikacji: 07 sie 2023

Zakres stron: 3 - 12

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/abm-2023-0038

Słowa kluczowe
antibodies, core protein p24, diagnosis, HIV, immunoassay

© 2023 Abdullah et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Emerging ultra-sensitive methods for detection of HIV p24 antigen

Fourth-generation tests for HIV antigen-antibody

The contemporary immunoassays for HIV diagnosis: a concise overview

Article Category: Mini review

Data publikacji: 07 sie 2023

Zakres stron: 3 - 12

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/abm-2023-0038

Słowa kluczoweantibodies, core protein p24, diagnosis, HIV, immunoassay

© 2023 Abdullah et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Emerging ultra-sensitive methods for detection of HIV p24 antigen

Fourth-generation tests for HIV antigen-antibody

Słowa kluczowe
antibodies, core protein p24, diagnosis, HIV, immunoassay