3-Methyladenine |
Inhibitor |
P13K inhibitors |
Upregulation of p62 protein expression |
[60, 70, 71, 72] |
Wortmannin |
Inhibit phagosome formation |
[70, 73, 74] |
LY294002 |
Promote apoptosis |
[71, 75] |
Chloroquine |
Lysosome inhibitors |
Prevent acidification |
[76] |
Hydroxychloroquine |
Inhibit autophagosome accumulationInhibit the formation of autolysosome |
[77, 78, 79, 80] |
Bafilomycin A |
Inhibit autophagic degradation |
[81] |
Tioconazol |
ATG inhibitors |
Inhibit phagophore elongation |
[82] |
FMK-9a |
Inhibit autophagosome fusion |
[83] |
Rapamycin |
Inducer |
mTOR inhibitors |
Prevent inactivation of ULK1 phosphorylation |
[84] |
AZD8055 |
Activate or induce autophagyInduction of apoptosisCell cycle arrest |
[85, 86] |
Vitamin D |
Natural products or mTOR inhibitors |
Increase intestinal calcium absorptionInduce expression of proapoptotic proteinsInduces an autophagic transcriptional signatureInduce autophagosome formation |
[87, 88] |
Resveratrol |
Induce apoptotic cell deathSuppress growth of cancer cell |
[89] |
Curcumin |
Induce apoptosisInhibit phosphorylation of AKT |
[90] |
Obatoclax |
BH3 Mimetics or Beclin-2 inhibitors |
Bcl-2 inhibition |
[91, 92] |
Gossypol |
ROS productionAutophagic-mediated necroptosis |
[93] |