Widespread cortical PET abnormalities in an adolescent related to a PNES dissociative state, PTSD, ADHD, and domestic violence exposure
, , , oraz | 18 paź 2018
O artykule
Article Category: case-report
Data publikacji: 18 paź 2018
Zakres stron: 98 - 106
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/sjcapp-2018-011
Słowa kluczowe
© 2018 Dejan Stevanovic et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
FIGURE 1.
FIGURE 2.
Results of the scales and neuropsychological tests used
| Scale/Test | Score obtained | Cut-off for clinical score/Mean (SD) reference value/Severity |
|---|---|---|
| Revised Children’s Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) | ||
| mother-report | Anxiety T – score 61; Depression T – score 63 | |
| self-report | Anxiety T – score 43; Depression T – score < 42 | T – score ≥ 70 |
| ADHD Rating Scale-IV – mother report | Total score 28 (97 percentile); Hyperactivity/impulsivity score 22 (≥ 99 percentile); Inattention score 6 (75 percentile) | Scores ≥ 95 percentile |
| Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 11 (BIS11) – self-report | 77 | 63.32 (10.16) |
| Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale (A-DES) – self-report | 1.1 | 4.8 (1.12) |
| UCLA PTSD Reaction Index DSM-5 Version – self-report | 46 | ≥ 38 |
| Children’s Negative Cognitive Error Questionnaire-Revised (CNCEQ-R) – self-report | 27 | 36.92 (12.01) |
| Positive Affect, Negative Affect, and Physiological Hyperarousal (PANAS-PH-C) – self-report | Positive affect score 44 | 44.47 (7.93) |
| DSM-5, LEVEL 2 – Somatic Symptom Child Age 11–17 — self-report | Prorated Score 10 | Moderate severity |
| Comprehensive Executive Function Inventory (CEFI) — mother-report | ||
| Emotion Regulation (ER) | 13, 2 percentile | |
| Inhibitory Control (IC) | 16, 2 percentile | |
| Self-Monitoring (SM) | 18, 4 percentile | |
| Planning (PL): 11 items | 21, 6 percentile | |
| Working Memory (WM) | 27, 14 percentile | |
| Attention (AT): 12 items | 26, 18 percentile | |
| Organization (OG) | 26, 34 percentile | |
| Flexibility (FX) | 21, 55 percentile | |
| Initiation (IT) | 32, 58 percentile | |
| Full score | 200, 12 percentile | |
| Executive Skills Questionnaire – self-report | ||
| Response inhibition | 6 | Minimal score 3 Maximum score 21, a higher scoreindicates a more developed skill |
| Organization | 12 | |
| Metacognition | 13 | |
| Time management | 14 | |
| Task initiation | 14 | |
| Emotional control | 15 | |
| Flexibility | 17 | |
| Goal-directed persistence | 17 | |
| Working memory | 18 | |
| Sustained attention | 21 | |
| Planning/prioritizing | 21 | |
| Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) | ||
| Verbal IQ | 23 | Low Average |
| Performance IQ | 86 | |
| Full Scale IQ | 84 | |
| Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST) | ||
| % Errors | 50, > 90 percentile | NA |
| % Perseverate errors | 32.81, > 90 percentile | |
| Tower of London | ||
| Extra moves | 35, > 90 percentile | NA |
| Time | 163.87 sec, 75 percentile | |
| GO-No-Go Task | ||
| Total Correct | 268 | NA |
| Total Errors | 52 | |
| Mean Accuracy | 0.83 | |
| Mean Error | 0.16 | |
| Response time “Go” | 428.81 sec | |
| Response time “No-go” | 356.25 sec | |