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Dynamics of Social Networks Following Adolescent Pregnancy

Elizabeth Humberstone
Elizabeth Humberstone
   | 10 paź 2018
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Data publikacji: 10 paź 2018
Zakres stron: 1 - 34
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/joss-2018-009
© 2018 Elizabeth Humberstone published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1.

School 1 (public, rural) network maps at Time 1 (left) & Time 3 (right). Blue = pregnant, orange = non-pregnant match.
School 1 (public, rural) network maps at Time 1 (left) & Time 3 (right). Blue = pregnant, orange = non-pregnant match.

Figure 2.

School 2 (public, rural) network maps at Time 1 (left) and Time 3 (right). Blue = pregnant, orange = non-pregnant match.
School 2 (public, rural) network maps at Time 1 (left) and Time 3 (right). Blue = pregnant, orange = non-pregnant match.

Figure 3a.

School 3 (public, suburban) Time 1 map. Blue = pregnant, orange = non-pregnant.
School 3 (public, suburban) Time 1 map. Blue = pregnant, orange = non-pregnant.

Figure 3b.

School 3 (public, suburban) Time 3 map. Blue = pregnant, orange = non-pregnant.
School 3 (public, suburban) Time 3 map. Blue = pregnant, orange = non-pregnant.

Figure 4.

School 4 (public, rural) network maps at Time 1 (left) and Time 3 (right). Blue = pregnant, orange = non-pregnant match.
School 4 (public, rural) network maps at Time 1 (left) and Time 3 (right). Blue = pregnant, orange = non-pregnant match.

Figure 5.

School 5 (private, urban) network maps at Time 1 (left) and Time 3 (right). Blue = pregnant, orange = non-pregnant match.
School 5 (private, urban) network maps at Time 1 (left) and Time 3 (right). Blue = pregnant, orange = non-pregnant match.

Figure 6.

School 6 (public, suburban) network maps at Time 1 (left) & Time 3 (right). Blue = pregnant, orange = non-pregnant match.
School 6 (public, suburban) network maps at Time 1 (left) & Time 3 (right). Blue = pregnant, orange = non-pregnant match.

Figure 7.

School 7 (Catholic, urban) network maps at Time 1 (left) and Time 3 (right). Blue = pregnant, orange = non-pregnant match.
School 7 (Catholic, urban) network maps at Time 1 (left) and Time 3 (right). Blue = pregnant, orange = non-pregnant match.

Stochastic Actor Oriented Model Estimates for Schools 2 and 3

  School 2 School 3
Rate (Period 1) 11.37 9.30
(0.55) (0.87)
Rate (Period 2) 10.31 5.00
(0.47) (0.31)
Out degree -3.32 -4.16
(0.03) (0.04)
Reciprocity 2.16 2.60
(0.05) (0.08)
Transitive Triplets 0.44 0.61
(0.02) (0.03)
Female Similarity 0.18 0.35
(0.03) (0.04)
Grade Similarity 2.01 2.11
(0.11) (0.13)
Pregnant alter -0.34 0.09
(1.42) (0.24)
Pregnant ego -0.77 -0.35
(1.37) (0.30)
Pregnant similarity -0.36 0.33
(1.41) (0.24)
n nodes (preg. nodes) 479 (21) 850 (60)

Separable Temporal Exponential Random Graph Models of Schools 2 and 3

  School 2 School 3
Formation Dissolution Formation Dissolution
Base Covars. Base Covars. Base Covars. Base Covars.
Edges -6.40* -6.52* -6.56 -1.47* -6.92* -7.52* -0.76* -1.65*
(0.03) (0.04) (0.03) (0.06) (0.03) (0.05) (0.04) (0.08)
Preg - Out -0.70* -0.37 -0.85 -0.77 -0.61* -0.51* -0.51 -0.31
(0.03) (0.31) (0.45) (0.52) (0.18) (0.19) (0.28) (0.30)
Preg - In -0.26 0.15 -0.66 -0.30 -0.27 -0.12 -0.79* 0.47
(0.24) (0.21) (0.38) -(0.45) (0.16) (0.16) (0.30) (0.05)
Triad (gwesp) 1.16* 0.37* 1.38* 0.47*
(0.03) (0.04) (0.05) (0.05)
Reciprocity 3.18* 1.75* 3.68* 1.38*
(0.90) (0.11) (0.11) (0.14)
Gender Homophily 0.11* 0.64* 0.34* 0.68*
(0.05) (0.07) (0.06) (0.09)

Random Intercept Models of Change in Network Variables between Time 1 and Time 3 Surveys

  Out-nom. In-nom Recip. Friends Centrality
Intercept -2.54* -2.55* -0.93* -0.14
(0.34) (0.63) (0.26) (0.23)
Pregnant -0.77 -1.01* -0.28 -0.01
(0.47) (0.42) (0.24) (0.02)
Random Intercept 0.20 1.93 0.24 0.35
Student-level residual 10.06 7.8 2.50 0.01
n 240 240 240 240
School n 7 7 7 7

Comparison of Pregnant Girls to Non-Pregnant Matched Girls and Not Matched Non-Pregnant Girls Using Mean Difference Testing and Standardized Biases.

  Pregnant Matched Non-Preg Not Matched Non-Preg
M SD M SD Std bias M SD Std bias
Out-Nominations
Num. at first survey 5.12 3.44 5.18 3.21 -0.02 5.49 3.22 -0.11
Avg. diff. bt surveys -3.15 3.29 -2.38 3.16 -0.23 -2.01* 3.47 -0.35
Num. maintained bt surveys 0.65 0.90 1.03* 1.32 -0.42 1.41* 1.47 -0.85
In-Nominations
Num. at first survey 4.48 3.39 4.29 3.62 0.06 4.78 3.66 -0.09
Avg. diff. bt surveys -3.12 3.02 -2.11* 2.86 -0.33 -2.28* 3.18 -0.28
Num. maintained bt surveys 0.30 0.59 0.58* 0.92 -0.47 0.87* 1.12 -0.97
Reciprocated Friends
Num. at first survey 1.60 1.53 1.74 1.70 -0.09 1.98 1.74 -0.25
Avg. diff. bt surveys -1.12 1.56 -0.83 1.64 -0.18 -0.88 1.72 -0.15
Centrality
Num. at first survey 0.57 0.47 0.58 0.47 -0.01 0.55 0.46 0.05
Avg. diff. bt surveys -0.27 0.87 -0.24 0.86 -0.04 -0.23 0.83 -0.05
Covariates
Age 15.57 1.09 15.49 1.11 0.07 15.02* 1.36 0.50
White 0.47 0.50 0.44 0.50 0.06 0.44 0.50 0.05
Black 0.22 0.42 0.23 0.42 -0.03 0.16 0.37 0.13
Hispanic 0.52 1.47 0.66 1.65 -0.09 0.91 2.19 -0.27
U.S. Born 0.95 0.22 0.92 0.28 0.15 0.84* 0.37 0.50
Prior GPA 2.31 0.73 2.39 0.68 -0.10 3.07* 0.69 -1.04
HIV/AIDS Expectations 1.00 1.35 1.21 2.03 -0.15 0.85 1.57 0.11
Number in Household 4.55 1.33 4.56 1.13 0.00 4.74 1.12 -0.14
Extracurricular 0.33 0.48 0.32 0.47 0.04 0.14* 0.34 0.41
Get Along w. Teacher 1.22 1.30 1.11 1.30 0.09 1.06 1.34 0.12
Get Along w. Peers 1.58 1.45 1.56 1.49 0.02 1.43 1.54 0.10
Try in School 1.78 0.61 1.76 0.66 0.05 1.58* 0.59 0.34
Tried Alcohol 0.78 0.42 0.79 0.41 -0.03 0.44* 0.50 0.82
Overall Health 2.73 0.88 2.81 0.90 -0.08 2.14* 0.94 0.67
Cigarette Consumption 2.53 2.80 2.27 2.53 0.09 0.65* 1.43 0.67
Lie to Parents 2.83 1.86 2.86 1.84 -0.01 2.00* 1.68 0.45
Skip School 1.57 1.69 1.44 1.68 0.08 0.35* 0.77 0.72
n 60 180 572

Average Network Degrees and Network Densities at Time 1 and Time 3 by School

School n Avg. Degree Network Density
Time 1 Time 3 Time 1 Time 3
1 121 3.78 2.31 0.031 0.019
2 479 3.88 2.73 0.008 0.006
3 850 2.08 1.26 0.002 0.001
4 70 2.61 2.73 0.038 0.04
5 76 2.26 1.84 0.03 0.25
6 92 2.88 1.55 0.051 0.027
7 46 4.02 1.57 0.098 0.038

Characteristics of Saturated Schools with One or More Pregnancy Occurrence

School Type Urbanicity Size Grade Region
1 Public Rural Small K-12 South
2 Public Rural Large 9-12 Midwest
3 Public Suburban Large 10-12 West
4 Public Rural Small K-12 Midwest
5 Private Urban Small K-12 South
6 Public Suburban Small 6-8 South
7 Catholic Urban Small K-8 Northeast

Random Intercept Models of Number of Friendships Maintained between Time 1 and Time 3 Surveys

  Out-nom. In-nom
Intercept 1.08* 0.7*
(0.19) (0.13)
Pregnant -0.37* -0.28*
(0.18) (0.13)
Random Intercept 0.12 0.06
Student-level residual 1.41 0.68
n 240 240
School n 7 7

Comparison of School Characteristics in Saturated Sample, Saturated Sample with Girls Experiencing a Pregnancy and Non-Saturated Sample Schools

  Saturated (w/girls) Saturated (w/preg.) Non-Saturated
Urbanicity
Urban 4 (26.7%) 2 (28.6%) 33 (30.0%)
Suburban 6 (40.0%) 2 (28.6%) 63 (57.3%)
Rural 5 (33.3%) 3 (42.9%) 14 (12.7%)
Region
West 3 (20.0%) 1 (14.3%) 22 (20.0%)
Midwest 5 (33.3%) 2 (28.6%) 22 (20.0%)
South 4 (26.7%) 3 (42.9%) 49 (44.5%)
Northeast 3 (20.0%) 1 (14.3%) 17 (15.5%)
School Size*
Small (1-400) 13 (86.7%) 5 (71.4%) 16 (14.5%)
Medium (401-1000) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 59 (53.6%)
Large (1001-4000) 2 (13.3%) 2 (28.6%) 35 (31.8%)
School Type*
Public 10 (66.7%) 5 (71.4%) 104 (94.5%)
Private 4 (26.7%) 1 (14.3%) 2 (1.8%)
Catholic 1 (6.7%) 1 (14.3%) 4 (3.6%)
Grades*
Includes primary grades 11 (73.3%) 4 (57.1%) 4 (3.6%)
No primary grades 4 (26.7%) 3 (42.9%) 106 (96.4%)
n 15 7 110
eISSN:
1529-1227
Język:
Angielski
Częstotliwość wydawania:
Volume Open
Dziedziny czasopisma:
Social Sciences, other
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