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A new cyst-forming nematode, Cactodera tianzhuensis n. sp. (Nematoda:Heteroderinae) from Polygonum viviparum in China with a key to the Genus Cactodera

Wenhao Li
Wenhao Li
, 
Huixia Li
Huixia Li
, 
Chunhui Ni
Chunhui Ni
, 
Mingming Shi
Mingming Shi
, 
Xuejuan Wei
Xuejuan Wei
, 
Yonggang Liu
Yonggang Liu
, 
Yiwen Zhang
Yiwen Zhang
 oraz 
Deliang Peng
Deliang Peng
   | 01 sty 2021
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Data publikacji: 01 sty 2021
Zakres stron: 1 - 15
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2021-029
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© 2021 Authors, published by Sciendo.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Line drawing of C. tianzhuensis n. sp. A: Anterior region of second-stage juvenile; B: Head of second-stage juvenile; C, H: Cyst and cysts. D: Lateral field; E: Fenestration in vulval cone; F, G: Tail of second-stage juvenile (Scale bar: H = 500 μm; C = 200 μm; A, F, E = 20 μm; B = 10 μm; D, G = 5 μm).
Line drawing of C. tianzhuensis n. sp. A: Anterior region of second-stage juvenile; B: Head of second-stage juvenile; C, H: Cyst and cysts. D: Lateral field; E: Fenestration in vulval cone; F, G: Tail of second-stage juvenile (Scale bar: H = 500 μm; C = 200 μm; A, F, E = 20 μm; B = 10 μm; D, G = 5 μm).

Figure 2:

Light micrographs of C. tianzhuensis n. sp. A: Cyst; B: Cysts; C: Crush cyst; C: Female attached on the root (Scale bar: A, D = 500 μm; B, C = 1 mm).
Light micrographs of C. tianzhuensis n. sp. A: Cyst; B: Cysts; C: Crush cyst; C: Female attached on the root (Scale bar: A, D = 500 μm; B, C = 1 mm).

Figure 3:

Vulval cones of C. tianzhuensis n. sp. A, C: Fenestration in vulval cone (inside); B, D: Fenestration in vulval cone (outside); E, F: Cyst surface punctations. (Scale bar = 20 µm).
Vulval cones of C. tianzhuensis n. sp. A, C: Fenestration in vulval cone (inside); B, D: Fenestration in vulval cone (outside); E, F: Cyst surface punctations. (Scale bar = 20 µm).

Figure 4:

Egg of C. tianzhuensis n. sp. A: Smooth eggshell; B: Embryo egg; C: Body of developed J2 in egg. (Scale bar = 20 µm).
Egg of C. tianzhuensis n. sp. A: Smooth eggshell; B: Embryo egg; C: Body of developed J2 in egg. (Scale bar = 20 µm).

Figure 5:

Light micrographs of second stage juvenile of C. tianzhuensis n. sp. A: Entire body; B, C: Head region; D: Anterior region of J2; E: Lateral field; F: Genital primordium; G: Annulation of tail; H-I: Tail; J: Lateral field of tail. (Scale bar: A = 50 μm, B, C, D, E, F = 20 μm, H, I = 10 μm, G, J = 5 μm).
Light micrographs of second stage juvenile of C. tianzhuensis n. sp. A: Entire body; B, C: Head region; D: Anterior region of J2; E: Lateral field; F: Genital primordium; G: Annulation of tail; H-I: Tail; J: Lateral field of tail. (Scale bar: A = 50 μm, B, C, D, E, F = 20 μm, H, I = 10 μm, G, J = 5 μm).

Figure 6:

Molecular phylogenetic tree of C. tianzhuensis n. sp. (highlighted in bold) inferred from 28 S D2/D3 extension region under GTR + I + G model. The posterior probability values exceeding 50% are given on appropriate clades. *Originally identified as C. estonica in the GenBank. **Originally identified as C. rosae in the GenBank. ***Originally identified as C. estonica in the GenBank.
Molecular phylogenetic tree of C. tianzhuensis n. sp. (highlighted in bold) inferred from 28 S D2/D3 extension region under GTR + I + G model. The posterior probability values exceeding 50% are given on appropriate clades. *Originally identified as C. estonica in the GenBank. **Originally identified as C. rosae in the GenBank. ***Originally identified as C. estonica in the GenBank.

Figure 7:

Molecular phylogenetic tree of C. tianzhuensis n. sp. (highlighted in bold) inferred from ITS region under GTR + I + G model. The posterior probability values exceeding 50% are given on appropriate clades. *Originally identified as C. estonica in the GenBank. **Originally identified as C. eremica in the GenBank. ***Originally identified as C. estonica in the GenBank. ****Originally identified as C. estonica in the GenBank.
Molecular phylogenetic tree of C. tianzhuensis n. sp. (highlighted in bold) inferred from ITS region under GTR + I + G model. The posterior probability values exceeding 50% are given on appropriate clades. *Originally identified as C. estonica in the GenBank. **Originally identified as C. eremica in the GenBank. ***Originally identified as C. estonica in the GenBank. ****Originally identified as C. estonica in the GenBank.

Morphological and morphometrics of characters of cysts, eggs and J2s, useful for identification of Cactodera species.

Stage
Cyst Second-stage juvenile Egg
Species Length Width L/W ratio Vulval denticles Fenestral diam. Length DGO Stylet Length Tail Length Hyaline tail length Eggshell surface Original des.
C. acnidae 504–857 319–493 1.2–2.4 – 30 × 33 361–448 2.5–3.0 19–25 43–48 17–26 Smooth Schuster and Brezina (1979)
C. amaranthi 525–774 370–550 1.1–1.7 Present 25–38 340–460 3.9–5.1 20–21 32–40 12–16 Smooth Golden and Raski (1977)
C. cacti 389–658 323–598 1.0–1.4 Present 16–30 456–540 2.9–4.4 24–26 49–60 14–21 Punctate Graney and Bird (1990)
C. chenopodiae 423–585 283–398 1.2–1.7 Absent 20–26 438–539 3.1–4.3 22–26 39–51 17–28 Punctate Feng et al. (2018)
C. eremica 530–810 290–590 1.2–1.9 Absent 14–25 440–510 3.5–6.0 25–28 36–47 17–23 Punctate Baldwin and Bell (1985)
C. estonica 686–1014 312–468 2.0–2.4 Present 18–30 426–465 3.4–4.3 22–24 36–44 14–21 Smooth Golden and Raski (1977)
C. evansi 416–528 284–384 1.2–1.7 – 18–23 358–420 2.8–4.0 20–24 34–44 16–23 Punctate Cid Del Prado and Rowe (2000)
C. galinsogae 453–675 284–508 1.1–1.7 Absent 33–56 358–443 – 19–31 26–45 10–24 Punctate Soto et al. (2003)
C. milleri 550–849 419–598 1.2–1.6 Present 14–18 370–479 3.2–5.1 21–23 37–49 15–21 Punctate Graney and Bird (1990)
C. radicale 553–986 220–626 1.3–2.6 Absent 17–28 467–520 3.6–5.8 20–27 46–60 15–28 Smooth Subbotin et al. (2010)
C. rosae 460–840 280–560 1.2–2.1 Present 10–21 348–472 – 16–26 31–68 4–8 Punctate Cid Del Prado and Miranda (2008)
C. salina 415–742 193–475 1.4–2.2 Absent 20–28 410–514 2.5–4.0 23–25 31–48 10–31 Smooth Baldwin et al. (1997)
C. solani 291–581 204–505 1.2–1.4 Present 20–36 379–511 3.7–6.9 24–27 28–49 12–23 Punctate Escobar-Avila et al. (2020)
C. thornei 485–806 286–581 1.2–1.9 Present 31–36 446–620 5–7 25–28 49–64 23–28 Punctate Golden and Raski (1977)
C. tianzhuensis n. sp. 511–761 361–558 1.1–1.6 Present 20–32 495–592 4.0–6.5 23–26 47–59 22–29 Smooth In this study
C. torreyanae 364–712 92–432 1.4–2.9 Absent 20×26 390–550 2–4 21–23 32–45 16–25 Smooth Cid Del Prado and Subbotin (2014)
C. weissi 524–598 350–394 1.2–2.3 Present 29–38 407–489 4.5–5.6 20–22 43–50 17–24 Smooth Golden and Raski (1977)

Morphometrics of C. tianzhuensis n. sp.

Stage Character Holotype Paratype
Cyst
n 20
L (excluding length) 531 571.2 ± 79.1 (511.0–761.0)
Diam. 429 454.3 ± 56.8 (360.5–558.0)
L/Diam. 1.23 1.3 ± 0.1 (1.1–1.6)
Fenestral diam. 22.8 23.4 ± 3.8 (20.0–31.5)
Second-stage juvenile
n 20
Body length 538.5 ± 25.0 (494.5–591.5)
Body width at mid-body 23.2 ± 1.4 (20.0–25.0)
a 23.4 ± 2.0 (20.6–27.2)
b 3.7 ± 0.3 (3.1–4.2)
c 10.0 ± 0.8 (8.4–11.6)
c′ 3.9 ± 0.3 (3.5–4.5)
Lip region height 4.8 ± 0.4 (4.0–5.0)
Lip region diam. 10.7 ± 0.8 (9.0–12.0)
Stylet length 24.9 ± 0.8 (22.5–26.0)
Stylet base height 2.5 ± 0.3 (2.0–3.0)
Stylet base width 5.1 ± 0.54 (4.0–5.5)
Median bulb from anterior end (MB) 77.8 ± 4.2 (69.5–85.0)
Opening of dorsal pharyngel gland from stylet base (DGO) 4.9 ± 0.5 (4.0–6.5)
Excretory pore from anterior end (EP) 111.2 ± 6.2 (97.5–124.0)
Median bulb width (MBW) 11.8 ± 1.1 (9.5–13.5)
Diam. at anus 13.8 ± 0.5 (11.5–15.0)
Tail length 54.1 ± 3.6 (46.5–59.0)
Hyaline portion tail 25.8 ± 2.1 (21.5 –28.5)
L/MB 6.9 ± 0.5 (6.1–8.0)
TL/H 2.1 ± 0.2 (1.8–2.4)
Egg
n 20
Length 117.9 ± 11.6 (101.5–144.0)
Width 51.3 ± 4.1 (41.0–61.5)
Length/Width 2.3 ± 0.3 (1.9–2.9)
eISSN:
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Język:
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