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Characterization of a population of Pelodera strongyloides (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) associated with the beetle Lucanus ibericus (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) from Georgia

O. Gorgadze
O. Gorgadze
, 
A. Troccoli
A. Troccoli
, 
E. Fanelli
E. Fanelli
, 
E. Tarasco
E. Tarasco
 oraz 
F. De Luca
F. De Luca
   | 31 sie 2020
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Data publikacji: 31 sie 2020
Zakres stron: 1 - 12
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2020-081
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© 2020 O. Gorgadze et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Pelodera strongyloides – Female. A: En face view; B: Anterior region (lateral); C: Pharyngeal bulb (lateral); D: Tail region; E: T region in ventral view; F: Vulval region in lateral view (sphincter, uterus, eggs). Male. G: Bursa (ventral); H: Tail (lateral); I: Aberrations of spicules, (ventral); J: Gubernaculum (ventral); K: Bursa (lateroventral). Scales (in μm): A, B = 10; C, D, E, F, I, J, H, K = 22.5.
Pelodera strongyloides – Female. A: En face view; B: Anterior region (lateral); C: Pharyngeal bulb (lateral); D: Tail region; E: T region in ventral view; F: Vulval region in lateral view (sphincter, uterus, eggs). Male. G: Bursa (ventral); H: Tail (lateral); I: Aberrations of spicules, (ventral); J: Gubernaculum (ventral); K: Bursa (lateroventral). Scales (in μm): A, B = 10; C, D, E, F, I, J, H, K = 22.5.

Figure 2:

Pelodera strongyloides – Dauer larva. A: Anterior region, lateral; B: Pharyngeal basal bulb; C: Caudal region, in lateral view; third juvenile stage. D: Anterior region, in ventral view; E: Pharyngeal basal bulb; F: Caudal region, in ventral view. Scale bar = 10 μm.
Pelodera strongyloides – Dauer larva. A: Anterior region, lateral; B: Pharyngeal basal bulb; C: Caudal region, in lateral view; third juvenile stage. D: Anterior region, in ventral view; E: Pharyngeal basal bulb; F: Caudal region, in ventral view. Scale bar = 10 μm.

Figure 3:

Pelodera strongyloides light photomicrographs – Female. A: Anterior end, lateral; B: Pharyngeal basal bulb; C: Vulval region, in lateral view; D: Tail region; E: Entire female; F: Pharyngeal region; Male. G: Tail, in lateral view; H: Tail, in ventral view; I: Excised spicules with gubernaculum; J, K: Tail, in lateroventral view; L: Cells of the spermatheca. Scales (in μm): A, B, I, K, L = 16; C, F, H = 50; E = 250; D, G, J = 22.5.
Pelodera strongyloides light photomicrographs – Female. A: Anterior end, lateral; B: Pharyngeal basal bulb; C: Vulval region, in lateral view; D: Tail region; E: Entire female; F: Pharyngeal region; Male. G: Tail, in lateral view; H: Tail, in ventral view; I: Excised spicules with gubernaculum; J, K: Tail, in lateroventral view; L: Cells of the spermatheca. Scales (in μm): A, B, I, K, L = 16; C, F, H = 50; E = 250; D, G, J = 22.5.

Figure 4:

Phylogenetic tree of D2 to D3 expansion domains of 28S rRNA gene describing the evolutionary relationships among different geographical populations of Georgian Pelodera strongyloides under the maximum likelihood criterion. Values at nodes indicate bootstrap support.
Phylogenetic tree of D2 to D3 expansion domains of 28S rRNA gene describing the evolutionary relationships among different geographical populations of Georgian Pelodera strongyloides under the maximum likelihood criterion. Values at nodes indicate bootstrap support.

Figure 5:

Restriction profiles of the ITS region of Georgian Pelodera strongyloides separated on 2.5% agarose gel. M: 100 bp DNA ladder; P) Pst I; D) Dde I; R) Rsa I; A) Alu I; H) Hinf I.
Restriction profiles of the ITS region of Georgian Pelodera strongyloides separated on 2.5% agarose gel. M: 100 bp DNA ladder; P) Pst I; D) Dde I; R) Rsa I; A) Alu I; H) Hinf I.

Data matrix for cluster analysis of the species of Pelodera ‘strongyloides’ groupa.

Characters 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
P. cutanea 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
P. nidicolis 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
P. orbitalis 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
P. strongyloides 0 2 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 2 1 0 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
P. strongyloides ex Lucanus ibericus 0 2 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
P. termitis 0 0 0 0 1 1 ? 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0
P. scrofulata 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1

Ratios and measurements (in µm) of heat relaxed specimens of Pelodera strongyloides collected from Lucanus ibericus in Georgia.

Character Females Males 3rd juvenile stage P. strongyloides (Schneider, 1866)
n 20 20 22 11
Body length 1566  ±  120 (1353-1867) 1280 ± 100 (1080-1494) 663 ± 51 (566-772) 1629 (1142-2149)
Body width 96 ± 10 (75-112 62 ± 4.8 (55-70) 30 ± 2.4 (25-35) 107 (80-132)
Lip region diam 19 ± 1.6 (16-22 17 ± 1.5 (15-20) – –
Stoma length 31 ± 1 (30-32) 29 ± 2.2 (25-32) 24 ± 1.7 (22-30) 33 (30-38)
Stoma diam 5.1 ± 0.4 (5.0-6.2) 4.7 ± 0.4 (3.7-5.0) 2.6 ± 0.4 (2.5-3.7) –
Anterior end to nerve ring 178 ± 6 (172-197) 155 ± 10 (137-175) 102 ± 6 (92-120) –
Stoma length as % pharynx length 12.2 ± 0.4 (11-13) 13 ± 1.2 (11-15) 16 ± 0.8 (14-17) –
Pharynx length 252 ± 5 (237-257) 219 ± 17 (192-250) 152 ± 6 (142-177) –
Corpus length 144 ± 7 (135-162) 122 ± 10 (107-137) 87 ± 2 (80-92) –
Corpus as % pharynx length 56 ± 2.3 (53-63) 55 ± 2 (50-59) 57 ± 2.5 (52-61) –
Median bulb (MB) diam 27 ± 2.1 (22-30) 30 ± 4.9 (20-37) 11 ± 0.8 (10-12) –
Terminal bulb (TB) diam 39 ± 4.1 (32-47) 34 ± 2.7 (32-40) 15 ± 0.6 (12-17) 36-50
MB diam. as % TB diam 77 ± 9.5 (54-88) 79 ± 6.8 (62-93) – –
Anterior end to excretory pore 236 ± 14 (212-270) 205 ± 13 (164-227) 130  ± 10 (110-150) 235 (183-295)
Ex. pore posit. as % phar. length 93 ± 5 (83-105) 93 ± 8 (75-109) 85 ± 6.7 (75-98) –
Tail length 69 ± 11 (52-95) 53 ± 5 (45-62) 72 ± 4 (65-82) –
Anal (cloacal) body width (ABW) 40 ± 3 (32-47) 37 ± 3 (32-42) 19 ± 1.8 (16-22) –
Gonad lengtha 1285 ± 198 (995-1658) 956 ± 87 (747-1268) – 890 (653-1157)
Gonad length as % body length 82 ± 15 (61-107) 72 ± 5 (66-82) – 46-63
Gonad length. as % intestine leng.b 108 ± 23 (72-143) 93 ± 11 (69-110 ) – –
Anterior gonad branch length 800 ± 104 (555-928) – – –
Posterior branch length 546 ± 128 (290-794) – – –
Testis flexure length – 201 ± 49 (123-260) – –
Ant. flexure as % of ant. branch 33 ± 3 (26-42) 17 ± 4 (13-24) – –
Post. flex. as % of post. branch 27 ± 6 (13-34) – – –
Sperm diameter n.d. 5 ± 0.6 3. (7-7.5) – –
Egg length 60 ± 3.4 (55-67) – – –
Egg diam 41 ± 4 (35-47) – – –
Rectum length 38 ± 3.2 (30-42) n.d. 24 ± 1.5 (22-25) –
Rectum length/ABW 0.9 ± 0.1 (0.8-1.3) n.d. 0.9 ± 0.1 (7-1.2) –
Anus to phasmid distance 23 ± 1.8 (20-27) n.d. – –
Anus to phasmid distance/ABW 0.6 ± 0.05 (0.4-0.7) n.d. – –
Posit. phasmid as % tail length 35 ± 6 (27-48) – – 32-61
Spicule length – 66 ± 3 (60-72) – 55-82
Gubernaculum length – 44 ± 2.2 (40-50) – –
Gubern. leng. as % spic. length – 66 ± 4.5( 60-78) – –
a 16.3 ± 2 (13.5-20.3) 20.7 ± 1 (19-23.1) 22.3 ± 1.5 (19.3-25.8) 15.1 (12-18.7)
b 6.1 ± 0.4 (5.4-7) 5.8 ± 0.5 (5.1-7) 4.2 ± 0.2 (3.7-4.7) 6.2 (4.9-7.6)
c 23 ± 3.4 (17.6-32.2) 24.3 ± 2.8 (20.5-30.4) 9.1 ± 0.5 (8-10) 33 (26.3-37.9)
c′ (= tail length/ABW) 1.6 ± 0.6 (1.3-2.2) 1.3 ± 0.1 (1.2-1.7) 3.7 ± 0.3 (3.2-4.5) –
V (vulva posit. in % body length) 57 ± 1.9 (51.8-59.1) – – 58 (55-64)
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