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Description and molecular phylogeny of Mesocriconema abolafiai n. sp. (Nematoda: Criconematidae) from Iran

Hossein Mirbabaei Karani
Hossein Mirbabaei Karani
, 
Ali Eskandari
Ali Eskandari
, 
Reza Ghaderi
Reza Ghaderi
 oraz 
Akbar Karegar
Akbar Karegar
   | 25 maj 2020
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Data publikacji: 25 maj 2020
Zakres stron: 1 - 17
Otrzymano: 15 paź 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2020-048
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© 2020 Hossein Mirbabaei Karani et al., published by Sciendo.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Diagnostic drawings of Mesocriconema abolafiai n. sp. Female (A, C-E, H, I) and Male (B, F, G). A, F: entire body; B-D: anterior end and pharyngeal region; E: reproductive system; G-I: posterior end.
Diagnostic drawings of Mesocriconema abolafiai n. sp. Female (A, C-E, H, I) and Male (B, F, G). A, F: entire body; B-D: anterior end and pharyngeal region; E: reproductive system; G-I: posterior end.

Figure 2:

Light micrographs of Mesocriconema abolafiai n. sp. Female (A-J) and male (K-M). A: entire body; B, C and K: anterior end and pharyngeal region; D: cuticle at mid-body; E and F: cuticle at posterior end; G: vulval region and part of reproductive system; H-J and L: posterior end; M: spicule, gubernaculum and cloaca. (Scale bars: A = 50 µm; B-M = 10 µm).
Light micrographs of Mesocriconema abolafiai n. sp. Female (A-J) and male (K-M). A: entire body; B, C and K: anterior end and pharyngeal region; D: cuticle at mid-body; E and F: cuticle at posterior end; G: vulval region and part of reproductive system; H-J and L: posterior end; M: spicule, gubernaculum and cloaca. (Scale bars: A = 50 µm; B-M = 10 µm).

Figure 3:

SEM micrograghs of Mesocriconema abolafiai n. sp. Female (A-L). A: anterior end (arrow pointing the secretory–excretory pore); B-E: lip region in sublateral, left subventral, frontal and right subventral views, respectively (arrows pointing the amphids); F: annuli; G: cuticle at mid-body; H: entire body; I-K: posterior end in lateral, subventral and terminal views, respectively (white arrow pointing the vulva, black arrow pointing the anus); L: excretory pore (arrow).
SEM micrograghs of Mesocriconema abolafiai n. sp. Female (A-L). A: anterior end (arrow pointing the secretory–excretory pore); B-E: lip region in sublateral, left subventral, frontal and right subventral views, respectively (arrows pointing the amphids); F: annuli; G: cuticle at mid-body; H: entire body; I-K: posterior end in lateral, subventral and terminal views, respectively (white arrow pointing the vulva, black arrow pointing the anus); L: excretory pore (arrow).

Figure 4:

Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree as inferred from the D2 to D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA gene dataset of Criconematoidea under the general time reversible model of sequence evolution with correction for invariable sites and a gamma-shaped distribution (GTR + I + G). Posterior probabilities more than 50% are given for appropriate clades. The new obtained sequence in this study is indicated in bold. Scale bar=expected changes per site.
Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree as inferred from the D2 to D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA gene dataset of Criconematoidea under the general time reversible model of sequence evolution with correction for invariable sites and a gamma-shaped distribution (GTR + I + G). Posterior probabilities more than 50% are given for appropriate clades. The new obtained sequence in this study is indicated in bold. Scale bar=expected changes per site.

Figure 5:

Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree as inferred from the 18S rRNA gene dataset of Criconematoidea under the general time reversible model of sequence evolution with correction for invariable sites and a gamma-shaped distribution (GTR + I + G). Posterior probabilities more than 50% are given for appropriate clades. The new obtained sequence in this study is indicated in bold. Scale bar = expected changes per site.
Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree as inferred from the 18S rRNA gene dataset of Criconematoidea under the general time reversible model of sequence evolution with correction for invariable sites and a gamma-shaped distribution (GTR + I + G). Posterior probabilities more than 50% are given for appropriate clades. The new obtained sequence in this study is indicated in bold. Scale bar = expected changes per site.

Figure 6:

Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree as inferred from the ITS rRNA gene dataset of Criconematoidea under the symmetrical model of sequence evolution with a gamma-shaped distribution (SYM + G). Posterior probabilities more than 50% are given for appropriate clades. The new obtained sequence in this study is indicated in bold. Scale bar = expected changes per site.
Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus tree as inferred from the ITS rRNA gene dataset of Criconematoidea under the symmetrical model of sequence evolution with a gamma-shaped distribution (SYM + G). Posterior probabilities more than 50% are given for appropriate clades. The new obtained sequence in this study is indicated in bold. Scale bar = expected changes per site.

List of species, collection localities and GenBank accession numbers of individual specimens used in this study for phylogenetic analysis based on 28S rRNA gene.

Species name GeneBank accession no. Locality Species name GeneBank accession no. Locality
Aglenchus agricola AY780979 Belgium Hemicycliophora typica KF430515 South Africa
Caloosia longicaudata GU989627 USA H. wyei KC329574 USA
Criconema demani MH828126 Russia H. wyei KF430497 USA
C. demani MH828128 Russia Merlinius brevidens KP313844 Iran
C. mutabile MK170079 South Africa Mesocriconema abolafiai n. sp. MN334222 Iran
Criconema sp. FN433874 USA M. ornatum AY780968 Venezuela
Criconemoides brevistylus JQ231183 South Africa M. solivagum AY780969 Russia
C. brevistylus JQ231184 South Africa Mesocriconema sp. AY780967 Italy
C. brevistylus KC937033 China M. sphaerocephalum AB933464 Japan
C. informis KU722386 Iran M. sphaerocephalum AB933465 Japan
C. myungsugae MH444641 China M. sphaerocephalum AY780951 Italy
C. obtusicaudatus JQ231186 South Africa M. xenoplax AB933468 Japan
C. obtusicaudatus JQ231187 South Africa M. xenoplax AY780961 Germany
Eutylenchus excretorius AY780980 Germany M. xenoplax AY780963 USA
Hemicaloosia guangzhouensis KT381016 China M. xenoplax AY780965 Italy
H. guangzhouensis KT381017 China M. xenoplax FN433855 USA
H. vagisclera JQ246422 USA M. xenoplax FN433858 USA
Hemicriconemoides gaddi MK050500 China M. xenoplax FN433859 USA
H. rosae MK371811 India M. xenoplax KC538862 USA
H. rosae MK371813 India M. xenoplax MG680454 Portugal
H. silvaticus KF856531 Japan Ogma civellae AY780955 Venezuela
H. strictathecatus MH142613 China O. decalineatus MF683230 South Africa
H. wessoni KF856521 USA Paratylenchus tenuicaudatus KU291239 Iran
Hemicycliophora conida FN433875 Belgium Sphaeronema alni AY780978 Germany
H. epicharoides KF430512 Italy Trophonema arenarium AY780971 Italy
H. gracilis KF430482 USA Tylenchulus semipenetrans KM598334 Iran
H. halophila KF430444 New Zealand T. semipenetrans KM598335 Iran
H. lutosa GQ406240 South Africa T. semipenetrans MH156801 China
H. lutosa GQ406241 South Africa T. semipenetrans MH156802 China
H. signata MG019824 Mozambique Xenocriconemella macrodora AY780960 Italy
H. subbotini MG701275 China

Summary of the diagnostic characteristics of 12 species of Mesocriconema recently described worldwide. For other species, see (Brzeski et al., 2002). (St measurements in µm, L measurements in mm).

Species St R Rex RV RVan Ran V VL/VB Anas. A. M. Vagina A. V. lip Tail shape L S. M. L. Original des.
M. abolafiai n. sp. 52–60 90–113 19–30 11–14 3–5 7–10 87–90 1.5–1.8 1 smo.–irr. straight simple con–acute 0.4–0.61 flat Present study
M. apurense 48–52 140–147 36–38 9–12 1–2 8–9 93–95 – 0 smo. straight lobulated, without projections con.–rounded 0.38–0.45 rounded Crozzoli and Lamberti (2001)
M. campbelli 58–62 102–108 25–28 11–15 – 5–7 89–93 1.2–1.8 rare smo.–ser. straight serrated con.–pointed 0.37–0.45 – Wouts (2006)
M. juliae 79–86 89–95 26 8–9 1–2 5–6 91–92 – few smo. straight with two projections conical 0.46–0.51 flat Crozzoli and Lamberti (2001)
M. lamothei 65–70 89–98 17–31 6–8 0–2 4–8 91–95 rare smo. slightly curved with two projections con.–truncate 0.40–0.49 rounded Cid del Prado Vera (2009)
M. lobellum 51–60 85–92 25 6–7 2–3 3–4 92–93 0.9–1.2 rare – straight simple rounded 0.41–0.53 rounded Pramodini et al. (2007)
M. malagutii 45–49 108–114 33–35 8–9 2 4–6 93–94 – many smo. straight lobulated, without projections con.–truncate 0.34–0.40 rounded Crozzoli and Lamberti (2001)
M. nebraskense 45–59 84–113 24–31 6–11 2–3 3–7 90–96 0.7–1.6 1–4 smo. straight with two projections rounded 0.39–0.60 rounded Olson et al. (2017)
M. ovospermatum 82 109 38 9 3 6 93 – 0 finely crenate straight ? conical 0.22 ? Mohilal and Dhanachand (1998)
M. ozarkiense 49–61 107–119 27–34 10–14 2–4 6–10 89–93 1.0–1.4 0–1 som.–irr. straight simple conical 0.38–0.51 flat Cordero et al. (2012)
M. theobromae 47–51 73–74 24–26 7 1 5 93–94 – many som. straight lobulated, without projections conical 0.27–0.32 rounded Crozzoli and Lamberti (2001)
M. waitha 66–78 117-140 26–31 9–10 4–5 4–6 92–94 0.9–1.0 many som.-irr. sigmoid simple rounded 0.43-0.53 flat? Pramodini et al. (2006)

List of species, collection localities and GenBank accession numbers of individual specimens used in this study for phylogenetic analysis based on ITS rRNA gene.

Species name GeneBank accession no. Locality Species name GeneBank accession no. Locality
Coslenchus rhombus MK874505 South Africa Mesocriconema curvatum MF094891 USA
Criconema silvum MF683236 South Africa M. inaratum HM116070 USA
C. silvum MF683237 South Africa M. inaratum HM116069 USA
Criconemoides brevistylus KC937032 China M. inaratum HM116058 USA
C. brevistylus JQ231188 South Africa M. inaratum HM116055 USA
C. myungsugae MH444640 China M. inaratum HM116052 USA
C. myungsugae MH444639 China M. inaratum HM116051 USA
C. obtusicaudatus JQ231189 South Africa M. nebraskense MH013431 USA
C. obtusicaudatus JQ231190 South Africa M. nebraskense KY574844 USA
Crossonema sp. MK292124 USA M. nebraskense KY574860 USA
Hemicriconemoides californianus KF856558 USA M. nebraskense KY574861 USA
H. californianus KF856560 USA M. nebraskense KY574862 USA
H. chitwoodi KF856543 USA M. nebraskense KY574863 USA
H. fujianensis MH444616 China M. nebraskense KY574864 USA
H. kanayaensis EF126179 Taiwan M. nebraskense KY574865 USA
H. kanayaensis MG029566 China M. onoense JQ708120 USA
H. kanayaensis MG029568 China M. ornatum JQ708124 USA
H. ortonwilliamsi KF856552 Spain M. ozarkiense JQ708122 USA
H. paracamelliae MG029560 China Mesocriconema sp. KY574858 USA
H. promissus KF856555 Spain Mesocriconema sp. KY574857 USA
H. rosae MK371815 India Mesocriconema sp. KY574856 USA
Hemicriconemoides sp. KM516185 USA M. xenoplax JQ708112 USA
H. strictathecatus KF856565 South Africa M. xenoplax HM116073 USA
H. strictathecatus MH142617 China M. xenoplax HM116057 USA
H. strictathecatus KM516186 USA M. xenoplax MF095021 USA
H. strictathecatus KM516190 USA M. xenoplax MF094992 USA
H. strictathecatus KM516191 USA M. xenoplax MF094915 USA
Hemicycliophora californica KF430576 USA M. xenoplax MF094916 USA
H. gracilis MG019827 USA Neobakernema variabile MF683239 USA
H. raskii KF430577 USA N. variabile MF683238 USA
H. thienemanni KF430569 Russia Ogma decalineatus MF683235 USA
Mesocriconema abolafiai n. sp. MN334228 Iran Paratylenchus hamatus KF242257 USA
M. curvatum HM116062 USA Tylenchulus semipenetrans JN112274 USA
M. curvatum HM116064 USA T. semipenetrans FJ588909 China
M. curvatum HM116066 USA T. semipenetrans MH124562 China
M. curvatum HM116067 USA T. semipenetrans MH124561 China
M. curvatum HM116068 USA

Morphometric characters of Mesocriconema abolafiai n. sp. (measurements are in μm and in the form of average ± s.d. (range)).

Dehdasht population Basht population
Characters Holotype 10 paratype females 3 paratype males 5 females
L 540 540 ± 65 (402–612) 471 ± 33.6 (435–502) 519 ± 65 (425–605)
a 14.9 14 ± 1.5 (10.3–15.3) 24.6 ± 3.2 (20.9–27.1) 12.6 ± 1.2 (10.9–14.4)
b 4.8 4.8 ± 0.6 (3.2–5.7) 24.6 4.3 ± 0.5 (3.5–5.0)
c 14.5 15.8 ± 2.4 (12.1–19.5) 10.5 ± 0.5 (9.9–11) 19.1 ± 2.4 (16.3–21.9)
c´ 1.4 1.3 ± 0 (1.3–1.4) 3.3 ± 0.5 (2.9–3.9) 1.3 ± 0 (1.1–1.4)
V 90.5 90.3 ± 1.1 (87.8–91.9) – 90.1 ± 0.4 (89.8–90.8)
Stylet 56.9 55.2 ± 1.3 (52.8–57.2) – 56.8 ± 2.3 (54–60)
Conus 42.3 44 ± 6.3 (38.6–55.0) – 41.9 ± 1.6 (40.0–44.5)
m (conus/stylet %) 74.4 80.1 ± 11.2 (73.1–100.0) – 73.7 ± 1.7 (71.9–76.3)
Pharynx 110.7 113 ± 8 (103–124) 59.3 119 ± 8 (105–126)
Post-vulval body length (VL) 50.7 51.8 ± 4.9 (44.6–58.9) – 51.2 ± 6.7 (43–60)
Secretory-excretory pore 109 108 ± 7 (99–118) 106 ± 12 (92–113) 108 ± 8 (97–118)
Lip region-vulva 485.2 488 ± 62 (353–553) 468 ± 58.6 (382–545)
Lip region-anus 498.9 506 ± 64.1 (372–575) 426 ± 29.5 (396–455) 492 ± 63.8 (399–577)
Vulva-anus 24.0 22 ± 2.9 (17.1–26.0) – 24 ± 5.3 (17–32)
Tail length 37.0 34.3 ± 3.6 (28.0–39.3) 44.8 ± 4.5 (39.5–47.5) 27.2 ± 2.9 (23–31)
Body width 36.1 38.3 ± 2.4 (34.1–42.0) 19.2 ± 1.6 (17.5–20.7) 41.2 ± 4.3 (34–46)
Vulval body width (VB) 30.4 30.1 ± 1.6 (27.2–32.3) – 30.7 ± 1.9 (27.5–32.5)
VL/VB 1.7 1.7 ± 0.1 (1.6–1.8) – 1.6 ± 0.1 (1.5–1.8)
Annulus width 5.2 5.4 ± 0.7 (4.1–6.5) 2.8 ± 0.4 (2.3–3.2) 5.7 ± 0.6 (4.9–6.8)
R 104.0 104.2 ± 4 (97–113) 132 97 ± 4.3 (90–101)
Rst 16.0 15.5 ± 0.8 (14–17) – 14.5 ± 0.5 (14–15)
Rph 26.0 25 ± 1.4 (23–28) – 24.8 ± 1.9 (23–28)
Rexp 29 23.2 ± 4.2 (19–30) 49.6 ± 2 (48–52) 27.1 ± 4.2 (24–29)
RV 12.0 12 ± 0.8 (11–14) – 12.8 ± 0.8 (12–14)
Ran 8.0 9 ± 0.9 (8–10) – 7.4 ± 0.5 (7–8)
RVan 3.0 3.6 ± 0.4 (3–4) – 3.6 ± 0.8 (3–5)
St/L × 100 10.6 10.3 ± 1.3 (9.2–13.6) – 11 ± 1.1 (9.4–12.7)
Spicules – – 34.2 ± 0.7 (33.6–35.0) –
Gubernaculum – – 6.2 ± 0.9 (5.3–7.2) –

List of species, collection localities and GenBank accession numbers of individual specimens used in this study for phylogenetic analysis based on 18S rRNA gene.

Species name GeneBank accession no. Locality Species name GeneBank accession no. Locality
Bakernema inaequale MF094908 USA H. conida AJ966471 GenBank
Criconema mutabile MF094914 USA H. conida KJ934172 USA
C. permistum MF094899 USA H. conida KJ934173 USA
C. petasum MF094927 USA H. subbotini MG701280 China
C. sphagni MF094968 USA Lobocriconema sp. MF094981 USA
Criconemoides annulatus MF095015 USA L. thornei MF094928 USA
C. annulatus MF095024 USA L. thornei MF094996 USA
C. informis MF094902 USA Merlinius joctus FJ969128 GenBank
C. informis MF095025 USA Mesocriconema abolafiai n. sp. MN334221 Iran
C. parvus MF795587 China M. curvatum MF094891 USA
Crossonema fimbriatum MF095026 USA M. discus MF094892 USA
C. fimbriatum MF094960 USA M. inaratum MF094903 USA
C. menzeli MF094937 USA M. onoense MF094909 USA
Discocriconemella limitanea MF795591 China M. ornatum MF094893 USA
D. limitanea MF095031 Costa Rica M. rusticum MF094965 USA
Gracilacus paralatescens MH200615 China Mesocriconema sp. MF094967 USA
G. wuae MF095028 Canada Mesocriconema sp. MF095012 USA
Hemicaloosia graminis JQ446376 USA M. sphaerocephalum KJ934182 USA
Hemicriconemoides. chitwoodi KJ934162 USA M. xenoplax KJ934180 USA
Hemicriconemoides. fujianensis MH444626 China M. xenoplax KJ934177 USA
H. kanayaensis MG029558 China M. xenoplax MF095021 USA
H. kanayaensis MG029559 China M. xenoplax MF094992 USA
H. parasinensis MH444635 China Ogma decalineatus MF094952 USA
H. parataiwanensis MG029556 China O. menzeli EU669919 GenBank
H. parataiwanensis MG029557 China O. seymouri MF094933 USA
H. pseudobrachyurus AY284622 GenBank Ogma sp. KJ934175 USA
Hemicriconemoides sp. MF095013 Thailand Paratylenchus straeleni AY284631 GenBank
H. wessoni KJ934163 USA Tylenchulus semipenetrans MH136626 China
H. wessoni KJ934166 USA T. semipenetrans AJ966511 UK
Hemicycliophora aquatica MF094911 USA Xenocriconemella macrodora MF095001 USA
H. conida EU669914 GenBank
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