<abstract xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<p>In 2018, during a survey in Souss region of Morocco, the dagger nematode <italic>Xiphinema pachtaicum</italic> was found parasitizing onion, (<italic>Allium cepa</italic> L.). The populations of dagger nematode were identified on the basis of their morphological and morphometric characters and by sequencing and analysing the D2D2 region of 28S rRNA. Microscopic observation of females demonstrated the occurrence of <italic>Xiphinema pachtaicum</italic> on onion. The 28S D2D3 sequences shared 99 to 100% similarity with sequence corresponding to <italic>X. pachtaicum</italic> in GenBank. To our knowledge this is the first report of <italic>Xiphinema pachtaichum</italic> infecting onion in Morocco.</p>
</abstract>

In 2018, during a survey in Souss region of Morocco, the dagger nematode Xiphinema pachtaicum was found parasitizing onion, (Allium cepa L.). The populations of dagger nematode were identified on the basis of their morphological and morphometric characters and by sequencing and analysing the D2D2 region of 28S rRNA. Microscopic observation of females demonstrated the occurrence of Xiphinema pachtaicum on onion. The 28S D2D3 sequences shared 99 to 100% similarity with sequence corresponding to X. pachtaicum in GenBank. To our knowledge this is the first report of Xiphinema pachtaichum infecting onion in Morocco.


<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<p>Nematodes of the genus <italic>Xiphinema</italic> are ectoparasites that feed on extensive range of hosts. Some species of this genus are economically important pests of agricultural plants and others are vectors of Nepovirus. In April 2018, during a survey, specimens of dagger nematode (<italic>Xiphinema</italic> spp.) were collected from soil around the rhizosphere of onion (<italic>Allium cepa</italic> L.) with poor growth appearance and low yield from Ouled Dahou, Souss-Massa region of Morocco (<a ref-type="fig" href="#j_jofnem-2019-028_fig_001">Fig. 1</a>). Nematodes were extracted from soil using a modified Baermann technique (<a ref-type="bibr" href="#j_jofnem-2019-028_ref_002">Hooper, 1990</a>). On an average, nine nematodes per 100 cm<sup>3</sup> soil were obtained. The collected nematodes were subjected to morphological and molecular characterization. All specimens were identified as <italic>Xiphinema pachtaicum</italic> based on the alpha-numeric polytomous identification key codes developed by <a ref-type="bibr" href="#j_jofnem-2019-028_ref_003">Lamberti et al. (2002)</a>. The females had a body forming a close C after fixation. Lip region was distinctly offset by constriction. Odontostyle was robust and odontophore had weak flanges. Morphometric measurements of <italic>Xiphinema pachtaicum</italic> are listed in <a ref-type="table" href="#j_jofnem-2019-028_tab_001">Table 1</a>. The morphometric data of described Moroccan specimens were perfectly fit within the two populations of <italic>Xiphinema pachtaicum</italic> recorded by <a ref-type="bibr" href="#j_jofnem-2019-028_ref_005">Orlando et al. (2016)</a> from Italy.</p>
<table-wrap id="j_jofnem-2019-028_tab_001" orientation="portrait" position="float">
<label>Table 1.</label>
<caption>
<p>Morphometric measurements of <italic>Xiphinema pachtaichum</italic>.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
<colgroup>
<col align="left" width="1*" span="1"></col>
<col align="left" width="1*" span="1"></col>
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Character</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<italic>Xiphinema pachtaicum</italic> (Females)</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">
<italic>n</italic>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">L</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,822 ± 40.5 (1770–1891)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">a</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63 ± 2.4 (59–65)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">b</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.3 ± 0.2 (5.9–6.7)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">c</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">62 ± 4.6 (54–67)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">c’</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.7 ± 0.2 (1.4–2)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">V</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53.8 ± 3 (49–58)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lip region width</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.7 ± 0.4 (8.1–9.3)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Odontostyle</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83 ± 3.5 (78–88)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Odontophore</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">49 ± 4.7 (44–57)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pharynx</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">289 ± 12.5 (270–315)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Body width</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.9 ± 0.8 (28–30)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anal body width</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.2 ± 1.2 (16–19)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tail length</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29.4 ± 2.1 (28–34)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anterior end to vulva</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">979 ± 53 (891–1051)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn id="j_jofnem-2019-028_fn_002" symbol="1">
<p>Note: All measurements are in ?m, measurements presented as mean ± standard deviation (range).</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<figure id="j_jofnem-2019-028_fig_001" fig-type="figure">
<h2>Figure 1: </h2>
<figCaption>
<p>
<italic>Xiphinema pachtaicum</italic> damage symptoms on onion plants include stunting of plants and yellowing of leaves.</p>
</figCaption>
<img xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="graphic/j_jofnem-2019-028_fig_001.jpg" src="https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/647220af215d2f6c89dbccbd/j_jofnem-2019-028_fig_001.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&amp;X-Amz-Date=20240717T203407Z&amp;X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&amp;X-Amz-Expires=17999&amp;X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKP25APDM2%2F20240717%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&amp;X-Amz-Signature=ebf656fe33c21508980b6c9e84ccaf1927539e60cbe49a4e84c9f09bbdff9ce4" class="mw-100"/>
</figure>
<p>To confirm the identity of <italic>X. pachtaicum</italic>, DNA was extracted from single females (<italic>n</italic> = 2) by using the protocol described by <a ref-type="bibr" href="#j_jofnem-2019-028_ref_001">Holterman et al. (2006)</a>. Two primers were used: forward D2a (5′ ACAAGTACCGTGAGGGAAAGTTG 3′) and reverse D3b (5′ TGCGAAGGAACCAGCTACTA 3′) for the amplification of the D2D3 region of 28S rRNA (<a ref-type="bibr" href="#j_jofnem-2019-028_ref_004">Nunn, 1992</a>). The PCR products (represented by accession Nos. MK622911 and MK622912) were sequenced, aligned and compared with published sequences by means of BLAST search in the database. The comparison revealed 99 to 100% similarity, with sequence corresponding to <italic>X. pachtaicum</italic> and 97% or less sequence similarity with other <italic>Xiphinema</italic> spp. To our knowledge, this is the first report of <italic>X. pachtaicum</italic> parasitizing onion in Morocco.</p>
</div>

First report of the dagger nematode <italic>Xiphinema pachtaicum</italic> on onion in Morocco

Journal of Nematology

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

First report of the dagger nematode  on onion in Morocco

In 2018, during a survey in Souss region of Morocco, the dagger nematode Xiphinema pachtaicum was found parasitizing onion, (Allium cepa L.). The populations...

First report of the dagger nematode Xiphinema pachtaicum on onion in Morocco

Article Category: Arts & Humanities

Data publikacji: 27 maj 2019

Zakres stron: 1 - 2

Otrzymano: 18 mar 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2019-028

© 2019 Fouad Mokrini et al., published by Sciendo

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Morphometric measurements of Xiphinema pachtaichum.

Character	Xiphinema pachtaicum (Females)
n	10
L	1,822 ± 40.5 (1770–1891)
a	63 ± 2.4 (59–65)
b	6.3 ± 0.2 (5.9–6.7)
c	62 ± 4.6 (54–67)
c’	1.7 ± 0.2 (1.4–2)
V	53.8 ± 3 (49–58)
Lip region width	8.7 ± 0.4 (8.1–9.3)
Odontostyle	83 ± 3.5 (78–88)
Odontophore	49 ± 4.7 (44–57)
Pharynx	289 ± 12.5 (270–315)
Body width	28.9 ± 0.8 (28–30)
Anal body width	17.2 ± 1.2 (16–19)
Tail length	29.4 ± 2.1 (28–34)
Anterior end to vulva	979 ± 53 (891–1051)