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Nematicide effects on non-target nematodes in bermudagrass

Benjamin D. Waldo
Benjamin D. Waldo
, 
Zane J. Grabau
Zane J. Grabau
, 
Tesfamariam M. Mengistu
Tesfamariam M. Mengistu
 oraz 
William T. Crow
William T. Crow
   | 15 kwi 2019
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Article Category: Arts & Humanities
Data publikacji: 15 kwi 2019
Zakres stron: 1 - 12
Otrzymano: 01 paź 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/jofnem-2019-009
© 2019 Benjamin D. Waldo et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Figure 1:

Population densities of bacterivore nematodes from mist and soil extraction as affected by different nematicide applications at all sampling dates. *,**,***Different from the untreated according to analysis of covariance, P⩽0.1, 0.05, and 0.01, respectively.
Population densities of bacterivore nematodes from mist and soil extraction as affected by different nematicide applications at all sampling dates. *,**,***Different from the untreated according to analysis of covariance, P⩽0.1, 0.05, and 0.01, respectively.

Figure 2:

Population densities of fungivore nematodes from mist and soil extraction as affected by different nematicide applications at all sampling dates. *,**,***Different from the untreated according to analysis of covariance, P⩽0.1, 0.05, and 0.01, respectively.
Population densities of fungivore nematodes from mist and soil extraction as affected by different nematicide applications at all sampling dates. *,**,***Different from the untreated according to analysis of covariance, P⩽0.1, 0.05, and 0.01, respectively.

Figure 3:

Population densities of omnivore nematodes from mist and soil extraction as affected by different nematicide applications at all sampling dates. The scale of the y-axis for soil extraction is different for 2017 than for 2016. *,**,***Different from the untreated according to analysis of covariance, P⩽0.1, 0.05, and 0.01, respectively.
Population densities of omnivore nematodes from mist and soil extraction as affected by different nematicide applications at all sampling dates. The scale of the y-axis for soil extraction is different for 2017 than for 2016. *,**,***Different from the untreated according to analysis of covariance, P⩽0.1, 0.05, and 0.01, respectively.

Figure 4:

Population densities of predatory nematodes from mist and soil extraction as affected by different nematicide applications at all sampling dates. *,**,***Different from the untreated according to analysis of covariance, P⩽0.1, 0.05, and 0.01, respectively.
Population densities of predatory nematodes from mist and soil extraction as affected by different nematicide applications at all sampling dates. *,**,***Different from the untreated according to analysis of covariance, P⩽0.1, 0.05, and 0.01, respectively.

Figure 5:

Maturity index (MI) from mist and soil extraction as affected by different nematicide applications at all sampling dates. *,**,***Different from the untreated according to analysis of covariance, P⩽0.1, 0.05, and 0.01, respectively.
Maturity index (MI) from mist and soil extraction as affected by different nematicide applications at all sampling dates. *,**,***Different from the untreated according to analysis of covariance, P⩽0.1, 0.05, and 0.01, respectively.

Nematicide formulations used in the field study and their per-application labeled application rates.

Active Ingredient (a.i.) Trade name Application rate Formulation
Abamectin Divanem 0.89 liters product/ha (70 g a.i./ha) ECa
Fluopyram Indemnify 1.25 liters product/ha (500 g a.i./ha) EC
Furfural MultiGuard Protect 56 liters product/ha (60 kg a.i./ha) 2016b 74 liters product/ha (77 kg a.i./ha) 2017 EC
Fluensulfone Nimitiz Pro G 62.25 kg product/ha (1 kg a.i./ha) G

Nematode families identified from turfgrass plugs and soil samples.

Family Cp value Proportion of total mist extracted nematodes Proportion of total soil extracted nematodes Proportion of total nematodes
Bacterivores
Bathyodontidae 4 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Cephalobidae 2 0.27 0.33 0.30
Diplogasteridae 1 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Diploscapteridae 1 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Diphtherophoridae 3 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Monhysteridae 2 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Plectidae 2 0.01 <0.01 0.01
Rhabditidae 1 <0.01 0.01 0.01
Teratocephalidae 3 <0.01 0.01 0.01
Fungivores
Anguinidae 2 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Aphelenchidae 2 0.05 0.02 0.03
Tylenchidae 2 0.28 0.10 0.18
Omnivores
Aporcelaimidae 5 0.08 0.17 0.13
Predators
Discolaimidae 5 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Ironidae 4 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Monochidae 4 0.00 <0.01 <0.01
Qudsianematidae 4 0.08 0.02 0.04
Thornenematidae 5 <0.01 0.01 0.01
Herbivores
Belonolaimidae 3 <0.01 0.02 0.03
Criconematidae 3 <0.01 0.01 0.01
Heteroderidae 3 0.10 0.05 0.08
Hoplolaimidae 3 0.08 0.20 0.15
Longidoridae 5 0.02 <0.01 0.01
Trichodoridae 4 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
eISSN:
2640-396X
Język:
Angielski
Częstotliwość wydawania:
Volume Open
Dziedziny czasopisma:
Life Sciences, other
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