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Technical Features and Functionalities of Myo Armband: An Overview on Related Literature and Advanced Applications of Myoelectric Armbands Mainly Focused on Arm Prostheses

P. Visconti
P. Visconti
, 
F. Gaetani
F. Gaetani
, 
G.A. Zappatore
G.A. Zappatore
 oraz 
P. Primiceri
P. Primiceri
   | 03 wrz 2018
International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems's Cover Image
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Article Category: Research-Article
Data publikacji: 03 wrz 2018
Zakres stron: 1 - 25
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/ijssis-2018-005
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© 2018 P. Visconti et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Fig. 1

By analyzing electrical activities of forearm muscles, the MYO armband detects hand movements in each direction (Myo Armband web site). Copyright © Thalmic Labs Inc. 2013–2016.
By analyzing electrical activities of forearm muscles, the MYO armband detects hand movements in each direction (Myo Armband web site). Copyright © Thalmic Labs Inc. 2013–2016.

Fig. 2

Myo armband allows to play several games by detecting the gestures performed by the user wearing it and sending the related signals to a PC/TV provided of Bluetooth connection. Copyright © Thalmic Labs Inc. 2013–2016.
Myo armband allows to play several games by detecting the gestures performed by the user wearing it and sending the related signals to a PC/TV provided of Bluetooth connection. Copyright © Thalmic Labs Inc. 2013–2016.

Fig. 3

In this game, two players wearing Myo armband must paint as fast as possible a whiteboard; the player who in a given time fills a larger area of the board wins.
In this game, two players wearing Myo armband must paint as fast as possible a whiteboard; the player who in a given time fills a larger area of the board wins.

Fig. 4

Through Myo armband the player interfaces with two different console games.
Through Myo armband the player interfaces with two different console games.

Fig. 5

Myo armband is used by the artist, who wears it during his shows, to create plays of lights depending on his movements.
Myo armband is used by the artist, who wears it during his shows, to create plays of lights depending on his movements.

Fig. 6

Myo armband allows to control (A) flying drones, (B), (C), and (D) robot movements and many other mechanical devices simply by moving the arm which wears the armband.
Myo armband allows to control (A) flying drones, (B), (C), and (D) robot movements and many other mechanical devices simply by moving the arm which wears the armband.

Fig. 7

By using Myo armband, it is possible to navigate on the PC desktop and to use several software and applications.
By using Myo armband, it is possible to navigate on the PC desktop and to use several software and applications.

Fig. 8

Myo armband used in a surgery room for controlling a camera to visualize the examined body part, without having to physically touch a controller or medical instrument and thus improving user safety and reducing infections risk.
Myo armband used in a surgery room for controlling a camera to visualize the examined body part, without having to physically touch a controller or medical instrument and thus improving user safety and reducing infections risk.

Fig. 9

Two Myo armbands used to control the movements of a trans-humeral prosthesis; in this specific experimental test, the patient first grabs and then releases a tennis ball. Copyright © Thalmic Labs Inc. 2013–2016.
Two Myo armbands used to control the movements of a trans-humeral prosthesis; in this specific experimental test, the patient first grabs and then releases a tennis ball. Copyright © Thalmic Labs Inc. 2013–2016.

Fig. 10

Myo armband worn by the patient; the purple band serves to better tighten the armband around the arm. Copyright © Vice Media Inc. 2016
Myo armband worn by the patient; the purple band serves to better tighten the armband around the arm. Copyright © Vice Media Inc. 2016

Fig. 11

The patient controls the robotic prosthesis placed at distance from her. Copyright © Vice Media Inc. 2016.
The patient controls the robotic prosthesis placed at distance from her. Copyright © Vice Media Inc. 2016.

Fig. 12

By activating the arm muscles, the prosthetic hand closes (A), whereas by relaxing the arm muscles the prosthetic hand opens (B).
By activating the arm muscles, the prosthetic hand closes (A), whereas by relaxing the arm muscles the prosthetic hand opens (B).

Fig. 13

The patient wearing the Myo armband is able to move even a single finger of the robotic prosthesis placed at distance of about 1 meter from her.
The patient wearing the Myo armband is able to move even a single finger of the robotic prosthesis placed at distance of about 1 meter from her.

Fig. 14

Prosthetic hand with indicated the installed sensors: Force Sensors are highlighted in blue, Contact Sensors in green and Temperature Sensors in yellow. Copyright © Vice Media Inc. 2016.
Prosthetic hand with indicated the installed sensors: Force Sensors are highlighted in blue, Contact Sensors in green and Temperature Sensors in yellow. Copyright © Vice Media Inc. 2016.

Fig. 15

The contact sensors provide feedback signals to the patient that “feels” the touched objects. Copyright © Vice Media Inc. 2016.
The contact sensors provide feedback signals to the patient that “feels” the touched objects. Copyright © Vice Media Inc. 2016.

Fig. 16

Two typologies of body-powered prostheses. They are compact, low cost and lightweight, but are characterized by limited dexterity.
Two typologies of body-powered prostheses. They are compact, low cost and lightweight, but are characterized by limited dexterity.

Fig. 17

Main commercial myoelectric prostheses typologies available on the market nowadays with their respective advantages (in blue) and disadvantages (in red): 1-DOF prostheses are simple but characterized by limited dexterity, while poli-articulated prostheses are highly dexterous but heavier, bulkier and very expensive.
Main commercial myoelectric prostheses typologies available on the market nowadays with their respective advantages (in blue) and disadvantages (in red): 1-DOF prostheses are simple but characterized by limited dexterity, while poli-articulated prostheses are highly dexterous but heavier, bulkier and very expensive.

Fig. 18

I-limb poli-articulated prosthesis produced by Touch Bionics: the user can perform power, precision and many other grips thanks to the five motors embedded into the device (Touch Bionics Inc, 2018). Copyright © Touch Bionics Inc. and Touch Bionics Limited. 2018.
I-limb poli-articulated prosthesis produced by Touch Bionics: the user can perform power, precision and many other grips thanks to the five motors embedded into the device (Touch Bionics Inc, 2018). Copyright © Touch Bionics Inc. and Touch Bionics Limited. 2018.

Fig. 19

Bebionic hand prosthesis worn by a patient (A) and connected to the power supply in order to recharge the battery (B). Copyright © Vice Media, Inc. 2016.
Bebionic hand prosthesis worn by a patient (A) and connected to the power supply in order to recharge the battery (B). Copyright © Vice Media, Inc. 2016.

Fig. 20

The advanced bebionic prosthesis produced by Ottobock allows to independently move each finger in a very precise way. Copyright by Ottobock © 2018.
The advanced bebionic prosthesis produced by Ottobock allows to independently move each finger in a very precise way. Copyright by Ottobock © 2018.

Fig. 21

Myo-electrodes (MyoBock) provided by Ottobock installed into the prosthesis socket.
Myo-electrodes (MyoBock) provided by Ottobock installed into the prosthesis socket.

Fig. 22

Connection scheme of the two Myo-electrodes installed into the prosthesis with the battery switch/charging module (B27804) and the rechargeable battery, model BBI = 2200S, used to feed the prosthesis (Ottobock HealthCare GmbH (b)). Copyright by Ottobock © 2018.
Connection scheme of the two Myo-electrodes installed into the prosthesis with the battery switch/charging module (B27804) and the rechargeable battery, model BBI = 2200S, used to feed the prosthesis (Ottobock HealthCare GmbH (b)). Copyright by Ottobock © 2018.

Fig. 23

Myoelectric prostheses produced by Open Bionics, (A) and (B), with the used nylon tendons highlighted, and Victoria Hand Project body-powered prosthesis (C).
Myoelectric prostheses produced by Open Bionics, (A) and (B), with the used nylon tendons highlighted, and Victoria Hand Project body-powered prosthesis (C).

Fig. 24

InMoov robotic hand with highlighted the nylon tendons and the servomotors positioned in the forearm which actuate the fingers movements.
InMoov robotic hand with highlighted the nylon tendons and the servomotors positioned in the forearm which actuate the fingers movements.

Fig. 25

Several IMES sensors implanted into the arm of an upper-limb amputee. The sensors are 1.5 cm long and are powered wirelessly by a common transmitter coil within the Telemetry Controller (Troyk et al., 2007; Baker et al., 2010; Merrill et al., 2011; Laboratory of Neural Prosthetic Research © 2018, 2018). Copyright © Laboratory of Neural Prosthetic Research, 2018.
Several IMES sensors implanted into the arm of an upper-limb amputee. The sensors are 1.5 cm long and are powered wirelessly by a common transmitter coil within the Telemetry Controller (Troyk et al., 2007; Baker et al., 2010; Merrill et al., 2011; Laboratory of Neural Prosthetic Research © 2018, 2018). Copyright © Laboratory of Neural Prosthetic Research, 2018.

Fig. 26

The patient with the IMES system implanted is able to perform numerous movements and tasks with his prosthetic hand (Laboratory of Neural Prosthetic Research © 2018, 2018). Copyright © Laboratory of Neural Prosthetic Research, 2018.
The patient with the IMES system implanted is able to perform numerous movements and tasks with his prosthetic hand (Laboratory of Neural Prosthetic Research © 2018, 2018). Copyright © Laboratory of Neural Prosthetic Research, 2018.

Fig. 27

The prosthetic hand containing sensors and electrodes which allow to “feel” in real-time the shape, roughness and consistency of the grasped objects.
The prosthetic hand containing sensors and electrodes which allow to “feel” in real-time the shape, roughness and consistency of the grasped objects.

Fig. 28

Prosthetic hand provided with sensors which allow the user to feel the grasped objects; the information is sent directly into the nervous system (Tan et al., 2014). Copyright © American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2018.
Prosthetic hand provided with sensors which allow the user to feel the grasped objects; the information is sent directly into the nervous system (Tan et al., 2014). Copyright © American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2018.

Fig. 29

The realized prosthesis offers several advantages compared with other available prosthesis: it is easy-to-use, light, silent, it has low power consumption and low cost.
The realized prosthesis offers several advantages compared with other available prosthesis: it is easy-to-use, light, silent, it has low power consumption and low cost.

Fig. 30

The different electronic modules used in the realized prosthesis (A) and data exchange between prosthesis and the orthopedic doctor application (B).
The different electronic modules used in the realized prosthesis (A) and data exchange between prosthesis and the orthopedic doctor application (B).

Fig. 31

View of the Myo armband used in the realized prosthesis - Copyright ©Thalmic Labs Inc. 2013 – 2016.
View of the Myo armband used in the realized prosthesis - Copyright ©Thalmic Labs Inc. 2013 – 2016.

Fig. 32

View of Myo armband elements (A) and of the electronic control board embedded into the main element (B); the micro-USB connector is highlighted in purple color, MCU ARM Cortex M4 in red, BLE chip in blue, the vibration motor in brown and the antenna in grey.
View of Myo armband elements (A) and of the electronic control board embedded into the main element (B); the micro-USB connector is highlighted in purple color, MCU ARM Cortex M4 in red, BLE chip in blue, the vibration motor in brown and the antenna in grey.

Fig. 33

Lithium battery embedded into two elements of the Myo armband (A) and view of the battery housed behind of one of the eight electrodes (B).
Lithium battery embedded into two elements of the Myo armband (A) and view of the battery housed behind of one of the eight electrodes (B).

Fig. 34

EMG insertion sensors result invasive for the patient (A), while MYO armband, worn on the forearm, is able to easily detect the muscular activity of the indicated muscles without resulting invasive (B).
EMG insertion sensors result invasive for the patient (A), while MYO armband, worn on the forearm, is able to easily detect the muscular activity of the indicated muscles without resulting invasive (B).

Fig. 35

View of the eight EMG surface electrodes employed in the Myo armband, together with the other components integrated into its cover (A), and of the ST78589 operational amplifier (B), (C).
View of the eight EMG surface electrodes employed in the Myo armband, together with the other components integrated into its cover (A), and of the ST78589 operational amplifier (B), (C).

Fig. 36

InvenseSense MPU-9150 in its LGA Package (A), and its inner block diagram (B).
InvenseSense MPU-9150 in its LGA Package (A), and its inner block diagram (B).

Fig. 37

Bottom side of the Myo armband control board: the MPU-9150 IMU is highlighted in red.
Bottom side of the Myo armband control board: the MPU-9150 IMU is highlighted in red.
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