This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
M.E. Tinetti and M. Speechley, —Prevention of Falls Among the Elderly∥, The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 320, no. 16, 1989, pp. 1055-1059.10.1056/NEJM1989042032016062648154Search in Google Scholar
A.K. Bourke, P.V.D. Ven, M. Gamble, R. OConnor, K. Murphy, E. Bogan, E. McQuade, P. Finucane, G. Olaighin, and J. Nelson, —Evaluation of Waist-mounted Tri-axial Accelerometer Based Fall-detection Algorithms During Scripted and Continuous Unscripted Activities∥, Journal of Biomechanics, vol. 43, no. 15, 2010, pp. 3051-3057.10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.07.00520926081Search in Google Scholar
C.E. Coogler, —Falls and Imbalance∥, Rehab Management, vol. 5, 1992, pp. 53-117.Search in Google Scholar
K.M. Pocinki, —Studies Aim at Reducing Risk of Falls∥, P. T. Bulletin, 1990, pp. 13.Search in Google Scholar
S. Sadigh, A. Reimers, R. Andersson, and L. Laflamme, —Falls and Fall-related Injuries Among the Elderly: a Survey of Residential-care Facilities in a Swedish Municipality∥, Journal of Community Health, vol. 29, no. 2, 2004, pp. 129-140.10.1023/B:JOHE.0000016717.22032.03Search in Google Scholar
V. Spasova and I. Iliev, —Computer Vision and Wireless Sensor Networks in Ambient Assisted Living: State of the Art and Challenges∥, Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences, vol. 3, no. 4, 2012, pp. 585-595.Search in Google Scholar
J. Dai, X. Bai, Z. Yang, Z. Shen, and D. Xuan, “PerFallD: A Pervasive Fall Detection System Using Mobile Phones∥, In Proc. 8thIEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PERCOM Workshops), pp. 292-297, Germany, 2010.Search in Google Scholar
A.J. Bell, J.K. Talbot-Stern, and A. Hennessy, —Characteristics and Outcomes of Older Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department After a Fall: a Retrospective Analysis∥, Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 73, no. 4, 2000.10.5694/j.1326-5377.2000.tb125596.x11008589Search in Google Scholar
A. Bueno-Cavanillas, F. Padilla-Ruiz, J.J. Jimnez-Molen, C.A. Peinado-Alonso, and R. Glvez-Vargas, —Risk Factors in Falls Among the Elderly According to Extrinsic and Intrinsic Precipitating Causes∥, European Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 16, no. 9, 2000, pp. 849-859.10.1023/A:1007636531965Search in Google Scholar
G.F. Fuller, —Falls in the Elderly∥, American Family Physician, vol. 6, no. 7, 2000, pp. 21592168.Search in Google Scholar
K. James, D. Eldemire-Shearer, J. Gouldbourne, and C. Morris, —Falls and Fall Prevention in the Elderly: The Jamaican Perspective∥, West Indian Medical Journal, vol. 56, no. 6, 2007, pp. 534-539.Search in Google Scholar
J. Tomkun and B. Nguyen, —Design of a Fall Detection and Prevention System for the Elderly∥, In EE 4BI6 Electrical Engineering Biomedical Capstones, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, April 23, 2010.Search in Google Scholar
Q. Li, J.A. Stankovic, M.A. Hanson, A.T. Barth, J. Lach, and G. Zhou, —Accurate, Fast Fall Detection Using Gyroscopes and Accelerometer- Derived Posture Information∥, In Proc. Sixth International Workshop on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks, (BSN 2009), pp. 138-143, Berkeley, CA, USA, 2009.10.1109/BSN.2009.46Search in Google Scholar
Q. Li, UVA, WSN — AlarmNet — Fall Detection, 2009. http://www.cs.virginia.edu/wsn/medical/projects/fall-detection (last accessed November 20, 2012).Search in Google Scholar
E.E. Sabelman, D. Schwandt, and D.L. Jaffe, —The WAMAS Wearable Accelerometric Motion Analysis System: Combining Technology Development and Research in Human Mobility∥, In Proc. Conf. Intellectual Property in the VA: Changes, Challenges and Collaborations, Arlington, VA, United States, 2001.Search in Google Scholar
T. Degen and H. Jaeckel, —SPEEDY: a Fall Detector in a WristWatch∥, In Proc. Seventh IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computing (ISWC 2003), pp. 184-189, White Plains, NY, USA, 21-23 October, 2003.Search in Google Scholar
Y. Schutz, S. Weinsier, P. Terrier, and D. Durrer, —A New Accelerometric Method to Assess the Daily Walking Practice∥, International Journal of Obesity, vol. 26, no. 1, 2002, pp. 111-118.10.1038/sj.ijo.080185611791155Search in Google Scholar
J. Chen, K. Kwong, D. Chang, J. Luk, and R. Bajcsy, —Wearable Sensors for Reliable Fall Detection∥, In Proc. 27th Annual International Conference of The Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (IEEE-EMBS 2005), pp. 3551-3554, Shanghai, China, 2005.Search in Google Scholar
K. Pister, B. Hohlt, J. Jeong, L. Doherty, and J.P. Vainio, Ivy - A Sensor Network Infrastructure for the Berkeley College of Engineering, University of California, 2003. http://wwwbsac. eecs.berkeley.edu/projects/ivy/ (last accessed November 20, 2012).Search in Google Scholar
K. Doughty, R. Lewis, and A. McIntosh, —The Design of a Practical and Reliable Fall Detector for Community and Institutional Telecare∥, Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, vol.
6, no. Suppl 1, 2000, pp. S150-154.10.1258/135763300193448310794003Search in Google Scholar
J. Hill, R. Szewczyk, A. Woo, S. Hollar, D. Culler, and K. Pister, —System Architecture Directions for Networked Sensors∥, SIGPLAN Not., vol. 35, no. 11, 2000, pp. 93-104.10.1145/356989.356998Search in Google Scholar
CMT Consulting Measurement Technology GmbH. Mica2Dot Platform. http://www.cmt- gmbh.de/Mica2dot.pdf (last accessed November 20, 2012).Search in Google Scholar
N.K. Suryadevara, A.Gaddam, R.K. Rayudu, and S.C. Mukhopadhyay, —Wireless sensors network based safe home to care elderly people: Behaviour detection∥, In Proc. Eurosensors XXV, September 4-7, 2011, Athens, Greece, Elsivier Procedia Engineering, vol. 25, 2011, pp. 96 – 99.10.1016/j.proeng.2011.12.024Search in Google Scholar
N.K. Suryadevara, M.T. Quazi, and S.C. Mukhopadhyay, —Intelligent sensing systems for measuring wellness indices of the daily activities for the elderly∥, Proc. 8th International Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE 2012), 26-29 June 2012, pp. 347-350, Guanajuato, Mexico, 2012.10.1109/IE.2012.49Search in Google Scholar
Y.-M. Huang, M.Y. Hsieh, H.C. Chao, S.H. Hung, and J.H. Park, —Pervasive, secure access to a hierarchical sensor-based healthcare monitoring architecture in wireless heterogeneous networks∥, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 27, no. 4, 2009, pp. 400411.10.1109/JSAC.2009.090505Search in Google Scholar
C.-F. Lai, Y.-M. Huang, J.H. Park, and H.-C. Chao, —Adaptive Body Posture Analysis for Elderly-Falling Detection with Multisensors∥, IEEE Intelligent Systems, vol. 25, no. 2, 2010, pp. 20-30.10.1109/MIS.2010.39Search in Google Scholar
B.U. Toreyin, Y. Dedeoglu, and A.E. Cetin, —HMM Based Falling Person Detection Using Both Audio and Video∥, In Proc. IEEE 14th Signal Processing and Communications Applications, pp. 1-4, Antalya, Turkey, 2006.Search in Google Scholar
S.G. Miaou, P.H. Sung, and C.Y. Huang, —A Customized Human Fall Detection System Using Omni-Camera Images and Personal Information∥, In Proc. 1st Transdisciplinary Conference on Distributed Diagnosis and Home Healthcare (D2H2), pp. 39-42, Virginia, USA, 2006.Search in Google Scholar
H. Nait-Charif, and S.J. McKenna, —Activity Summarisation and Fall Detection in a Supportive Home Environment∥, In Proc. 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR 2004), vol. 4, pp. 323-326, Cambridge, UK, 2004.10.1109/ICPR.2004.1333768Search in Google Scholar
H. Foroughi, B.S. Aski, and H. Pourreza, —Intelligent Video Surveillance for Monitoring Fall Detection of Elderly in Home Environments∥, In Proc. 11th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (ICCIT 2008), pp. 219-224, Khulna, Bangladesh, 2008.10.1109/ICCITECHN.2008.4803020Search in Google Scholar
A.H. Nasution and S. Emmanuel, —Intelligent Video Surveillance for Monitoring Elderly in Home Environments∥, In Proc. IEEE 9th Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP 2007), pp. 203-206, Greece, 2007.10.1109/MMSP.2007.4412853Search in Google Scholar
G. Sannino and G.D. Pietro, —An Advanced Mobile System for Indoor Patients Monitoring∥, In Proc. 2nd International Conference on Networking and Information Technology (ICNIT 2011), pp. 17, Singapore, IACSIT Press, 2011.Search in Google Scholar
Alive Technologies Products, Alive Monitoring Sensors, 2003. http://www.alivetec.com/ (last accessed November 21, 2012).Search in Google Scholar
T.R. Burchfield and S. Venkatesan, —Accelerometer-based Human Abnormal Movement Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks∥, In Proc. 1st ACM SIGMOBILE International Workshop on Systems and Networking Support for Healthcare and Assisted Living Environments (HealthNet 07), pp. 67-69, New York, USA, ACM, 2007.10.1145/1248054.1248073Search in Google Scholar
A. Williams, D. Xie, S. Ou, R. Grupen, A. Hanson, and E. Riseman, —Distributed Smart Cameras for Aging in Place∥, In Proc. ACM SenSys Workshop on Distributed Smart Cameras, 2006, Colorado, USA, ACM.Search in Google Scholar
F. Sposaro and G. Tyson, —iFall: An Android Application for Fall Monitoring and Response∥, In Proc. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, pp. 6119-6122, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, 3-6 Sept., 2009.Search in Google Scholar
T. Zhang, J. Wang, P. Liu, and J. Hou, —Fall Detection by Embedding an Accelerometer in Cellphone and Using KFD Algorithm∥, International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, vol. 6, no. 10, 2006, pp. 277-283.Search in Google Scholar
AlertOne Services, Inc., iLifeR Fall Detection Sensor, 2004. http://www.falldetection.com/iLifeFDS.asp (last accessed November 21, 2012).Search in Google Scholar
Halo Monitoring, Inc., myHaloR Medical Alert Systems, 2009. http://www.halomonitoring.com/ (last accessed November 21, 2012).Search in Google Scholar
Life Alert Emergency Response, Inc., LIFE ALERTR Classic, 2009. http://www.lifealert.com/ (last accessed November 21, 2012).Search in Google Scholar
S. Khawandi, B. Daya, and P. Chauvet, —Automated Monitoring System for Fall Detection in the Elderly∥, International Journal of Image Processing, vol. 4, no. 5, 2010, pp. 476-483.Search in Google Scholar
M.J. Mathie, A.C.F. Coster, N.H. Lovell, and B.G. Celler, —Accelerometry: Providing an Integrated, Practical Method for Longterm, Ambulatory Monitoring of Human Movement∥, Physiological Measurement, vol. 25, no. 2, 2004, pp. R1-R20.10.1088/0967-3334/25/2/R0115132305Search in Google Scholar
A.K. Bourke, C.N. Scanaill, K.M. Culhane, J.V. OBrien, and G.M. Lyons, —An Optimum Accelerometer Configuration and Simple Algorithm for Accurately Detecting Falls∥, In Proc. 24th IASTED International Conference on Biomedical Engineering, (BioMed06), pp. 156-160, Anaheim, CA, USA, ACTA Press, 2006.Search in Google Scholar
M. Kangas, A. Konttila, P. Lindgren, I. Winblad, and T. Jms, —Comparison of Low- complexity Fall Detection Algorithms for Body Attached Accelerometers∥, Gait & Posture, vol.
28, no. 2, 2008, pp. 285- 291.10.1016/j.gaitpost.2008.01.00318294851Search in Google Scholar
P.-K. Chao, H.-L. Chan, F.-T. Tang, Y.-C. Chen, and M.-K. Wong, —A Comparison of Automatic Fall Detection by the Cross-product and Magnitude of Tri-axial Acceleration∥, Physiological Measurement, vol. 30, no. 10, 2009, pp. 1027-1037.10.1088/0967-3334/30/10/00419713595Search in Google Scholar
A.K. Bourke and G.M. Lyons, —A Threshold-based Fall-detection Algorithm Using a Biaxial Gyroscope Sensor∥, Medical Engineering & Physics, vol. 30, no. 1, 2008, pp. 84-90.10.1016/j.medengphy.2006.12.00117222579Search in Google Scholar
M. Lustrek and B. Kaluza, —Fall Detection and Activity Recognition with Machine Learning∥, Informatica (Slovenia), vol. 33, no. 2, 2009, pp. 197-204.Search in Google Scholar
T. Tamura, —Home Geriatric Physiological Measurements∥, Physiological Measurement, vol.
33, no. 10, 2012, pp. R47-65.10.1088/0967-3334/33/10/R4723011097Search in Google Scholar
T. Tamura, T. Yoshimura, M. Sekine, —Uchida M., and Tanaka O. A Wearable Airbag to Prevent Fall Injuries∥, IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, vol. 13, no. 6, 2009, pp. 910-914.10.1109/TITB.2009.203367319846379Search in Google Scholar
Smart Caregiver Corporation. Fall Monitoring and Anti-Wandering Facilities. http://www.smartcaregivercorp.com/ (last accessed November 21, 2012).Search in Google Scholar
R. Cucchiara, A. Prati, and R. Vezzani, —An Intelligent Surveillance System for Dangerous Situation Detection in Home Environments∥, Intelligenza Artificiale, vol. 1, no. 1, 2004, pp. 1115.Search in Google Scholar
T. Lee and A. Mihailidis, —An Intelligent Emergency Response System: Preliminary Development and Testing of Automated Fall Detection∥, Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, vol. 11, no. 4, 2005, pp. 194-198.10.1258/135763305406894615969795Search in Google Scholar
J. Tao, M. Turjo, M.-F. Wong, M. Wang, and Y.-P. Tan, —Fall Incidents Detection for Intelligent Video Surveillance∥, In Proc. Fifth International Conference on Information, Communications and Signal Processing (ICICS ‘05), pp. 1590-1594, Bangkok, Thailand, 2005.Search in Google Scholar
C. Rougier, J. Meunier, A. St-Arnaud, and J. Rousseau, —Monocular 3D Head Tracking to Detect Falls of Elderly People∥, In Proc. 28th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS 06), pp. 6384-6387, New York City, New York, USA, 2006.Search in Google Scholar
M. Kangas, A. Konttila, I. Winblad, and T. Jamsa, —Determination of Simple Thresholds for Accelerometry-based Parameters for Fall Detection∥, In Proc. 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS 2007), pp. 13671370, Lyon, France, 2007.Search in Google Scholar
P.-C. Chung and C.-D. Liu, —A Daily Behavior Enabled Hidden Markov Model for Human Behavior Understanding∥, Pattern Recogn., vol. 41, no. 5, 2008, pp. 1589-1597.10.1016/j.patcog.2007.10.022Search in Google Scholar
C. Thurau, —Behavior Histograms for Action Recognition and Human Detection∥, In Proc. 2nd Workshop (Human Motion 2007), October 20, 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, vol. 4814, pp. 299-312.10.1007/978-3-540-75703-0_21Search in Google Scholar
M. Giersich, P. Forbrig, G. Fuchs, T. Kirste, D. Reichart, and H. Schumann, —Towards an Integrated Approach for Task Modeling and Human Behavior Recognition∥, In Proc. 12th International Conference on Human-computer Interaction: Interaction Design and Usability (HCI07), pp. 1109-1118, Beijing, China, July 22-27, 2007.Search in Google Scholar
M. Grassi, A. Lombardi, G. Rescio, P. Malcovati, A. Leone, G. Diraco, C. Distante, P. Siciliano, M. Malfatti, L. Gonzo, V. Libal, J. Huang and G. Potamiano, —A Multisensor System for High Reliability People Fall Detection in Home Environment∥, In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, Sensors and Microsystems, P. Malcovati, A. Baschirotto, A. D’Amico and C. Di Natale, Ed., Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2010, vol. 54, pp. 391-394.10.1007/978-90-481-3606-3_79Search in Google Scholar
M. Redzic, C. Brennan, and N.E. OConnor, —Indoor Localisation Based on Fusing WLAN and Image Data∥, In Proc. IEEE International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN 2011), Guimaraes, Portugal, 21-23 Sept., 2011.Search in Google Scholar
M. Dibitonto, A. Buonaiuto, G.L. Marcialis, D. Muntoni, C.M. Medaglia, and F. Roli, —Fusion of Radio and Video Localization for People Tracking∥, In Proc. the Second International Conference on Ambient Intelligence (AmI’11), pp. 258-263, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 16-18 November, 2011.10.1007/978-3-642-25167-2_35Search in Google Scholar
