O artykule
Data publikacji: 04 sie 2022
Zakres stron: 69 - 94
Otrzymano: 27 maj 2021
Przyjęty: 22 wrz 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21307/acee-2021-032
Słowa kluczowe
© 2021 Abdulkadir Cüneyt AYDIN et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Figure 1.
![Hysteresis curves of walls that failed diagonal tension a) shaking table tests b) QS-cyclic tests [22]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6470707b83f1392090d6986a/j_acee-2021-032_fig_001.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250910%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250910T135153Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=d0c124f067912c9d04ba0814b232e9278c42ea44b034ca786906a3b87555603a&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 2.
![The tensile stress at the coupled and core wall systems [27]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6470707b83f1392090d6986a/j_acee-2021-032_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250910%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250910T135153Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=732a54d6f94004906e6464ea5a67b9f39ee176244397fec67b7899cc3d62bea0&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 3.
![Pictures of tested shear walls [27]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6470707b83f1392090d6986a/j_acee-2021-032_fig_003.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250910%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250910T135153Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=379b7942617d838a0feca082c0f98d5dd109f630bae9f7271e00e3a082f80070&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 4.

Figure 5.
![The finite element model a) shear wall b) reinforcement bars c) geometries and reinforcement details of analyzed shear wall [40]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6470707b83f1392090d6986a/j_acee-2021-032_fig_005.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250910%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250910T135153Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=1da9c81983187bf37caa83eaa2dd6e696d0932d417f55f3c8fd5a9fe8c6c2aac&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 6.
![Load-displacement hysteresis curves of the shear walls [40]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6470707b83f1392090d6986a/j_acee-2021-032_fig_006.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250910%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250910T135153Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=cea252218fb3859a88c311e58e148c3a253c7e27f62501e3f2a85536e47400aa&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 7.
![Reinforcement layouts of shear walls [43]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6470707b83f1392090d6986a/j_acee-2021-032_fig_007.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250910%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250910T135153Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=f1fbb63dee05614196bb6e0eb7c11f4d8e416276a752b849a56f5bfc204e5443&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 8.
![Tensile stress-strain relationship of the reinforcements and reinforcement details of the shear walls [44]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6470707b83f1392090d6986a/j_acee-2021-032_fig_008.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250910%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250910T135153Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=833cda248858ee6796760185bc2cc62c400b4724d2bbe35d49ac61f4626c89cb&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 9.
![Reinforcement details and hysteric loops of the specimens [7]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6470707b83f1392090d6986a/j_acee-2021-032_fig_009.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250910%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250910T135153Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=b38fe8fd6f9e6a7359464570ed2a5dd7159412b614019f20189dd71f85a74a10&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 10.
![Coupled shear wall systems [56]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6470707b83f1392090d6986a/j_acee-2021-032_fig_010.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250910%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250910T135153Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=69118e88791a68ac3dad91bb298bef9f02f36d3fcb1aa6bdb471953a39867ccb&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 11.
![Crack patterns of CSWs [56]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6470707b83f1392090d6986a/j_acee-2021-032_fig_011.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250910%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250910T135153Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=80ee30db7cc5b8bdec03172e0f96f634a3e86677b202c9a80ed11da668d98611&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 12.
![Geometry and dimensions of tested specimens [60]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6470707b83f1392090d6986a/j_acee-2021-032_fig_012.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250910%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250910T135153Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=09e4fd623b87acf953c06f5eda4816d630667f4d0cec62b5e62146d6ce170cb1&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 13.
![Different types of CFDSP shear walls [69]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6470707b83f1392090d6986a/j_acee-2021-032_fig_013.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250910%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250910T135153Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=7331966b2cf473807f78fa125894c63ec06d30368179c8289877e988815bc5e3&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 14.
![Composite structural systems [68]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6470707b83f1392090d6986a/j_acee-2021-032_fig_014.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250910%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250910T135153Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=7317f4d96b6e24e2d061f86df45316118cde17b12759be3579ec58c708041fb7&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 15.
![Shear wall parameters and the results of hysteric curves of tested specimens [69]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6470707b83f1392090d6986a/j_acee-2021-032_fig_015.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250910%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250910T135153Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=fe82abf4a0fe8abb3c4fa832a79c8977d7afa10d857d2f3d5ec9066dd214bd2d&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 16.
![Traditional and innovative shear walls [74]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6470707b83f1392090d6986a/j_acee-2021-032_fig_016.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250910%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250910T135153Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=721b9def2b803b9ce05893928eae671b599ca346a354f6fd4966a128411bb551&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 17.
![Hierarchical order of failure modes of composite shear walls [74]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6470707b83f1392090d6986a/j_acee-2021-032_fig_017.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250910%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250910T135153Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=b3c41b9b9122f51b8ece5b024a11f23054c3c6edc0186f76cc8091e7f2e2d674&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 18.

Figure 19.

Figure 20.

Figure 21.

Figure 22.

Figure 23.
![Reinforcement details for shear walls with openings [57]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/6470707b83f1392090d6986a/j_acee-2021-032_fig_023.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20250910%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250910T135153Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=98550992341124bc4337a052032b457ce192220ab3bfacdf30abd18b02982bb0&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 24.

Figure 25.

Axial load ratio of analyzed shear walls [40]
Shear wall | Axial load ratio | Axial load (kN) |
---|---|---|
SW1 | 0.1 | 497 |
SW2 | 0.2 | 994 |
SW3 | 0.3 | 1491 |
SW4 | 0.4 | 1988 |
SW5 | 0.5 | 2485 |
SW6 | 0.6 | 2982 |
Shear wall parameters of tested specimens [69]
Specimen | Cross section (mm x mm) | Shear span ratio | Cubic compressive strength of concrete | Mesh reinforcement | Steel plate thickness of boundary column (mm) | Steel plate thickness of wall body (mm) | Steel content ratio (%) | Axial compressive force (kN) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CFSCW-1 | 1284x214 | 2.0 | 87.5 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 7.1 | 7375 |
CFSCW-2 | 1284x214 | 2.0 | 86.1 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 7.1 | 7319 |
CFSCW-3 | 1284x214 | 2.0 | 86.1 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 7.1 | 7319 |
CFSCW-4 | 1284x214 | 2.0 | 89.8 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 5.8 | 7535 |
CFSCW-5 | 1284x214 | 2.0 | 88..1 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 4.6 | 7404 |
CFSCW-6 | 1284x214 | 2.0 | 65.0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 7.1 | 5863 |
CFSCW-7 | 1284x214 | 2.0 | 102.6 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 7.1 | 7900 |
CFSCW-8 | 1284x214 | 2.0 | 88.4 | 0 | 6 | 4 | 7.1 | 7807 |
CFSCW-9 | 1284x214 | 2.0 | 83.3 | Ø8@130 | 5 | 5 | 7.1 | 7375 |
CFSCW-10 | 750x125 | 2.0 | 83.7 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 7.1 | 2756 |
CFSCW-11 | 750x125 | 1.5 | 80.7 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 7.1 | 2718 |
CFSCW-12 | 750x125 | 1.0 | 88.0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 7.1 | 2816 |
The dimensions and reinforcement characteristics of tested shear walls [38]
Concrete Type | No | Wall | Web reinforcement | Boundary element | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Layout | Longitudinal | Stirrup(s) | |||||||||
Lay | Lay | ||||||||||
1L | MCL50M | 102 | 2397 | 1.01 | 3Ø500 mm | 0.14 | 8 ≠ 5 | 0.68 | 2Ø150 mm | 0.42 | |
2L | MCL100M | 101 | 2398 | 1.01 | 3Ø250 mm | 0.28 | 8 ≠ 6 | 0.98 | 0.42 | ||
3L | MCL50C | 101 | 2398 | 1.01 | 3Ø500 mm | 0.14 | 8 ≠ 5 | 0.68 | 0.42 | ||
4L | MCL100C | 101 | 2399 | 1.01 | 3Ø250 mm | 0.28 | 8 ≠ 6 | 0.98 | 0.42 | ||
Lightweight concrete | 5L | MRL100C | 101 | 5413 | 0.45 | 3Ø250 mm | 0.28 | 6 ≠ 6 | 0.32 | 0.42 | |
6L | MRL50mC | 106 | 5415 | 0.44 | mesh 6x6-6/6 | 0.12 | 8 ≠ 5 | 0.21 | 0.40 | ||
7L | MLC50mC | 100 | 2403 | 1.00 | mesh 6x6-6/6 | 0.12 | 6 ≠ 6 | 0.74 | 0.43 | ||
8L | MEL50mC | 100 | 1221 | 1.94 | mesh 6x6-6/6 | 0.12 | 4 ≠ 6 | 0.99 | 0.43 | ||
9L | MCL50mD | 82 | 1917 | 1.00 | mesh 6x6-8/8 | 0.11 | 6 ≠ 5 | 0.79 | 2Ø180 mm | 0.44 | |
10L | MCL50D | 82 | 1912 | 1.00 | 3Ø320 mm | 0.27 | 8 ≠ 5 | 1.06 | 0.44 | ||
1N | MCN50M | 102 | 2402 | 1.01 | 3Ø500 mm | 0.14 | 8 ≠ 5 | 0.67 | 2Ø150 mm | 0.42 | |
2N | MCN100M | 101 | 2402 | 1.01 | 3Ø250 mm | 0.28 | 8 ≠ 6 | 0.98 | 0.42 | ||
3N | MCN50C | 102 | 2399 | 1.01 | 3Ø500 mm | 0.14 | 8 ≠ 5 | 0.68 | 0.42 | ||
4N | MCN100C | 101 | 2397 | 1.01 | 3Ø250 mm | 0.28 | 8 ≠ 6 | 0.98 | 0.42 | ||
Normal weight concrete | 5N | MRN100C | 100 | 5400 | 0.45 | 3Ø250 mm | 0.28 | 4 ≠ 6 | 0.22 | 0.43 | |
6N | MRN50mC | 103 | 5396 | 0.45 | mesh 6x6-6/6 | 0.12 | 8 ≠ 5 | 0.22 | 0.41 | ||
7N | MCN50mC | 103 | 2398 | 1.01 | mesh 6x6-6/6 | 0.12 | 6 ≠ 6 | 0.72 | 0.42 | ||
8N | MEN50mC | 101 | 1239 | 1.99 | mesh 6x6-6/6 | 0.12 | 4 ≠ 6 | 0.96 | 0.42 | ||
9N | MCN50mD | 83 | 1916 | 1.00 | mesh 6x6-8/8 | 0.11 | 6 ≠ 5 | 0.78 | 2Ø180 mm | 0.43 | |
10N | MCN50D | 84 | 1921 | 1.00 | 3Ø320 mm | 0.26 | 8 ≠ 5 | 1.02 | 0.42 |