[
Aguilera, R. F., & Aguilera, R. (2020). Revisiting the role of natural gas as a transition fuel. Mineral Economics, 33(1–2), 73–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13563-019-00192-5
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Aharon, D. Y., & Qadan, M. (2022). Infection, invasion, and inflation: Recent lessons. Finance Research Letters, 50, 103307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2022.103307
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Astrov, V., Ghodsi, M., Grieveson, R., Holzner, M., Kochnev, A., Landesmann, M., Pindyuk, O., Stehrer, R., Tverdostup, M., & Bykova, A. (2022). Russia’s invasion of Ukraine: Assessment of the humanitarian, economic, and financial impact in the short and medium term. International Economics and Economic Policy, 19(2), 331–381. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10368-022-00546-5
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Azam, A., Rafiq, M., Shafique, M., Zhang, H., & Yuan, J. (2021). Analyzing the effect of natural gas, nuclear energy and renewable energy on GDP and carbon emissions: A multi-variate panel data analysis. Energy, 219, 119592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.119592
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Benjamini, Y., & Hochberg, Y. (1995). Controlling the false discovery rate: A practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological), 57(1), 289–300. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Bluszcz, A. (2017). European economies in terms of energy dependence. Quality & Quantity, 51(4), 1531–1548. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-016-0350-1
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Boungou, W., & Yatié, A. (2022). The impact of the Ukraine–Russia war on world stock market returns. Economics Letters, 215, 110516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2022.110516
]Search in Google Scholar
[
BP. (2019). BP statistical review of world energy. https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2019-full-report.pdf
]Search in Google Scholar
[
BP. (2021). BP statistical review of world energy. https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2021-full-report.pdf
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Caetano, N. S., Mata, T. M., Martins, A. A., & Felgueiras, M. C. (2017). New trends in energy Production and utilization. Energy Procedia, 107, 7–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2016.12.122
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Chalvatzis, K. J. (2009). Electricity generation development of Eastern Europe: A carbon technology management case study for Poland. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13(6–7), 1606–1612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2008.09.019
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Chalvatzis, K. J., & Ioannidis, A. (2017). Energy supply security in the EU: Benchmarking diversity and dependence of primary energy. Applied Energy, 207, 465–476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.07.010
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Chan, Y., & Walmsley, R. P. (1997). Learning and understanding the Kruskal-Wallis one--way analysis-of-variance-by-ranks test for differences among three or more independent groups. Physical Therapy, 77(12), 1755–1761. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/77.12.1755
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Colgan, J. D., Gard-Murray, A. S., & Hinthorn, M. (2023). Quantifying the value of energy security: How Russia’s invasion of Ukraine exploded Europe’s fossil fuel costs. Energy Research & Social Science, 103, 103201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2023.103201
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Costantini, V., Gracceva, F., Markandya, A., & Vicini, G. (2007). Security of energy supply: Comparing scenarios from a European perspective. Energy Policy, 35(1), 210–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2005.11.002
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Czech, K., Wielechowski, M., & Barichello, R. (2023). The shock of war: Do trade relations impact the reaction of stock markets to the Russian invasion of Ukraine? Ekonomista, (1), 14–27. https://doi.org/10.52335/ekon/161832
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ding, C., & He, X. (2004). K-means clustering via principal component analysis. Twenty-First International Conference on Machine Learning – ICML, 29. https://doi.org/10.1145/1015330.1015408
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Dräger, L., Gründler, K., & Potrafke, N. (2022). Political shocks and inflation expectations: Evidence from the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4070238
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ericson, R. E. (2009). Eurasian natural gas pipelines: The political economy of network interdependence. Eurasian Geography and Economics, 50(1), 28–57. https://doi.org/10.2747/1539-7216.50.1.28
]Search in Google Scholar
[
European Commission. Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs. (2021). European economic forecast: Autumn 2021. Publications Office. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2765/199989
]Search in Google Scholar
[
European Commission. Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs. (2022). European economic forecast: Spring 2022 (Interim). Publications Office. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2765/897128
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Federle, J., Meier, A., Müller, G. J., & Sehn, V. (2022). Proximity to war: The stock market response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. CEPR Discussion Paper, 17185. https://cepr.org/publications/dp17185
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Flouri, M., Karakosta, C., Kladouchou, C., & Psarras, J. (2015). How does a natural gas supply interruption affect the EU gas security? A Monte Carlo simulation. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 44, 785–796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.12.029
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Giuli, M., & Oberthür, S. (2023). Third time lucky? Reconciling EU climate and external energy policy during energy security crises. Journal of European Integration, 45(3), 395–412.
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hecke, T. V. (2012). Power study of Anova versus Kruskal-Wallis test. Journal of Statistics and Management Systems, 15(2–3), 241–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/09720510.2012.10701623
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Hosseini, S. E. (2022). Transition away from fossil fuels toward renewables: Lessons from Russia–Ukraine crisis. Future Energy, 1(1), 2–5. https://doi.org/10.55670/fpll.fuen.1.1.8
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Irtyshcheva, I., Kramarenko, I., & Sirenko, I. (2022). The economy of war and postwar economic development: World and Ukrainian realities. Baltic Journal of Economic Studies, 8(2), 78–82. https://doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2022-8-2-78-82
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Khudaykulova, M., Yuanqiong, H., & Khudaykulov, A. (2022). Economic consequences and implications of the Ukraine-Russia war. The International Journal of Management Science and Business Administration, 8(4), 44–52. https://doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.84.1005
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kilian, L., & Murphy, D. P. (2014). The role of inventories and speculative trading in the global market for crude oil: Speculation in oil markets. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 29(3), 454–478. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.2322
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Korosteleva, J. (2022). The implications of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine for the EU energy market and businesses. British Journal of Management, 33(4), 1678–1682. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12654
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Krickovic, A. (2015). When interdependence produces conflict: EU–Russia energy relations as a security dilemma. Contemporary Security Policy, 36(1), 3–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/13523260.2015.1012350
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kruskal, W. H. (1952a). A nonparametric test for the several sample problem. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 23(4), 525–540. https://doi.org/10.1214/aoms/1177729332
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kruskal, W. H., & Wallis, W. A. (1952b). Use of ranks in one-criterion variance analysis. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 47(260), 583–621. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1952.10483441
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Kutcherov, V., Morgunova, M., Bessel, V., & Lopatin, A. (2020). Russian natural gas exports: An analysis of challenges and opportunities. Energy Strategy Reviews, 30, 100511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2020.100511
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Leng Wong, S., Chia, W. M., & Chang, Y. (2013). Energy consumption and energy R&D in OECD: Perspectives from oil prices and economic growth. Energy Policy, 62, 1581–1590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.07.025
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Liadze, I., Macchiarelli, C., Mortimer-Lee, P., & Sanchez Juanino, P. (2022). Economic costs of the Russia-Ukraine war. The World Economy, 46(4), 874–886. https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.13336
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Linde, Y., Buzo, A., & Gray, R. (1980). An algorithm for vector quantizer design. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 28(1), 84–95. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOM.1980.1094577
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Martins, F., Felgueiras, C., & Smitková, M. (2018). Fossil fuel energy consumption in European countries. Energy Procedia, 153, 107–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2018.10.050
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Martins, F., Felgueiras, C., Smitková, M., & Caetano, N. (2019). Analysis of fossil fuel energy consumption and environmental impacts in European countries. Energies, 12(6), 964. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12060964
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Mbah, R. E., & Wasum, D. (2022). Russian–Ukraine 2022 war: A review of the economic impact of Russian–Ukraine crisis on the USA, UK, Canada, and Europe. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 9(3), 144–153. https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.93.12005
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Mišík, M., & Nosko, A. (2017). The Eastring gas pipeline in the context of the Central and Eastern European gas supply challenge. Nature Energy, 2(11), 844–848. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-017-0019-6
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Nuzzo, R. L. (2016). The box plots alternative for visualizing quantitative data. PM&R, 8(3), 268–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.02.001
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ostertagová, E., Ostertag, O., & Kováč, J. (2014). Methodology and application of the Kruskal-Wallis test. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 611, 115–120. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.611.115
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ozili, P. K. (2022). Global economic consequence of Russian invasion of Ukraine. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4064770
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Prohorovs, A. (2022). Russia’s war in Ukraine: Consequences for European countries’ businesses and economies. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 15(7), 295. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15070295
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Ruiz Estrada, M. A. (2022). How much inflation and unemployment worldwide can generate the Russo-Ukrainian war crisis? SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4131388
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sadik-Zada, E. R., & Gatto, A. (2021). Energy security pathways in South East Europe: Diversification of the natural gas supplies, energy transition, and energy futures. In M. Mišík & V. Oravcová (Eds.), From economic to energy transition (pp. 491–514). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55085-1_17
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Statista. (2022). Natural gas in Europe. www.statista.com
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Sugiawan, Y., & Managi, S. (2019). New evidence of energy-growth nexus from inclusive wealth. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 103, 40–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.12.044
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Szulecki, K., & Overland, I. (2023). Russian nuclear energy diplomacy and its implications for energy security in the context of the war in Ukraine. Nature Energy, 8(4), 413–421. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-023-01228-5
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Szulecki, K., & Westphal, K. (2018). Taking security seriously in EU energy governance: Crimean shock and the energy union. In K. Szulecki (Ed.), Energy security in Europe: Divergent perceptions and policy challenges (pp. 177–202). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64964-1_7
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Tibshirani, R., Walther, G., & Hastie, T. (2001). Estimating the number of clusters in a data set via the gap statistic. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Statistical Methodology), 63(2), 411–423. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9868.00293
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Umar, M., Riaz, Y., & Yousaf, I. (2022). Impact of Russian-Ukraine war on clean energy, conventional energy, and metal markets: Evidence from event study approach. Resources Policy, 79, 102966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.102966
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Van de Graaf, T., & Colgan, J. D. (2017). Russian gas games or well-oiled conflict? Energy security and the 2014 Ukraine crisis. Energy Research & Social Science, 24, 59–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2016.12.018
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Wilcoxon, F. (1992). Individual comparisons by ranking methods. In S. Kotz & N. L. Johnson (Eds.), Breakthroughs in statistics (pp. 196–202). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4380-9_16
]Search in Google Scholar
[
World Bank. (2022). Global economic prospects. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1843-1
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Yousaf, I., Patel, R., & Yarovaya, L. (2022). The reaction of G20+ stock markets to the Russia–Ukraine conflict ‘black-swan’ event: Evidence from event study approach. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4069555
]Search in Google Scholar
[
Zhu, D., Mortazavi, S. M., Maleki, A., Aslani, A., & Yousefi, H. (2020). Analysis of the robustness of energy supply in Japan: Role of renewable energy. Energy Reports, 6, 378–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2020.01.011
]Search in Google Scholar