The Coffee Market in Global Terms: Production and Trade Considerations

The importance of coffee as one of the key agricultural food commodities on the international market is constantly growing, making it a subject of study not only by economists, but also by specialists in various fields, i.e. sustainability, food security or international relations. The aim of this paper is to carry out an in-depth examination of the global coffee market, focusing on the factors determining the level of production and the directions and intensity of international trade in this commodity. It also aims to identify quantitative and structural changes in coffee exports, imports and production. The study covers the period 2013–2023 and focuses on assessing the volume, dynamics and structure of production, exports and imports, using statistical data from the FAOSTAT database in addition to reports from international organizations (e.g. ICO, WTO). It uses selected macroeconomic measures and statistical methods, including descriptive, comparative and structural analysis. The indicators used made it possible to assess the role of raw material in international agri-food trade. The main conclusion points to the market's strong geographical concentration and the need for diversification and adaptation in the context of changing climatic and market conditions in individual countries. The results show that the supply to the global coffee market is currently in relative stagnation, while trade values of the commodity are continuously increasing.