Vertical Integration Strategies and the Performance of Poultry Firms in Ghana
Abena Konadu Oppong
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyGhana
Profil OrcidWyszukaj tego autora
, Ebenezer Donkor
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyGhana
Profil OrcidWyszukaj tego autora
, oraz 30 wrz 2024
O artykule
Data publikacji: 30 wrz 2024
Zakres stron: 294 - 301
Przyjęty: 05 sie 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17306/j.jard.2024.01829
Słowa kluczowe
© 2024 Abena Konadu Oppong et al., published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Summary of performance under the two types of vertical integration
| Outcome indicators | Tests | Balanced mean | Partial mean | Mean difference | Standard error | T |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Profit Margin Ratio (GHS) | Unmatched (T test) | 0.38 | 0.26 | 0.12 |
0.05 | 2.40 |
| Nearest neighbor matching | 0.37 | 0.29 | 0.08 |
0.06 | 1.33 | |
| Value Added to Sales Ratio (GHS) | Unmatched (T test) | 0.31 | 0.14 | 0.17 |
0.06 | 2.83 |
| Nearest neighbor matching | 0.32 | 0.17 | 0.15 |
0.07 | 2.14 |
Activities adopted by firms
| Type | Activity | Partial (%) | Balanced (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Backward integration | Maize farm | 10 | 10 |
| Feed mill | 100 | 100 | |
| Hatchery plant | 3.3 | 6.7 | |
| Forward integration | Processing plant | 0 | 13.3 |
| Distribution van | 0 | 76.7 | |
| Retail outlet | 0 | 40 |
Simple Linear Regression Model
| Variables | Coef. | St. err. | t-value | [95% conf. interval] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Balance integration | 0.091 |
0.046 | 1.990 | −0.001 | 0.183 |
| Direct cost | −0.303 |
0.069 | −4.400 | −0.441 | −0.165 |
| Size of firm | 0.184 |
0.047 | 3.950 | 0.091 | 0.278 |
| Marketing cost | 0.220 |
0.053 | 4.180 | 0.114 | 0.326 |
| Experience of manager | 0.017 | 0.026 | 0.650 | −0.035 | 0.068 |
| Managers education | −0.003 | 0.005 | −0.660 | −0.014 | 0.007 |
| Age of firm | −0.040 | 0.026 | −1.550 | −0.093 | 0.012 |
| Constant | 0.464 | 0.316 | 1.470 | −0.169 | 1.098 |
| R-squared | 0.448 | Number of obs. | 60 | ||
| F-test | 6.039 | Prob > F | 0.000 | ||
| Akaike crit. (AIC) | −36.458 | Bayesian crit. (BIC) | −19.703 | ||
Poultry firm demographics
| Variables | Balanced | Partial | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | Standard error | Mean | Standard error | Mean difference | |
| Age of firm | 18.90 | 3.72 | 16.20 | 3.18 | 2.70 |
| Size of farm | 47 484.00 | 13 835.37 | 22 116.33 | 6 229.03 | 25 401.00 |
| Experience of managers | 12.40 | 1.31 | 13.73 | 1.88 | −1.33 |
| Years of education of manager | 15.03 | 0.79 | 14.37 | 0.79 | 0.67 |
| Direct cost (GHS) | 1 997 359.96 | 554 367.03 | 1 096 085.80 | 302 092.11 | 901 274.17 |
| Marketing cost (GHS) | 61 428.00 | 14 667.27 | 37 795.00 | 10 662.19 | 23 632.90 |