This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.
Reeder SB, Sirlin CB: Quantification of liver fat with magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2010; 18: 337–357, ix.ReederSBSirlinCB:Quantification of liver fat with magnetic resonance imaging.2010;18:337–357,ix.10.1016/j.mric.2010.08.013300275321094444Search in Google Scholar
Abd El-Kader SM, El-Den Ashmawy EM: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: The diagnosis and management. World J Hepatol 2015; 7: 846–858.Abd El-KaderSMEl-Den AshmawyEM:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: The diagnosis and management.2015;7:846–858.10.4254/wjh.v7.i6.846441152725937862Search in Google Scholar
Szczepaniak LS, Nurenberg P, Leonard D, Browning JD, Reingold JS, Grundy S et al.: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure hepatic triglyceride content: prevalence of hepatic steatosis in the general population. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2005; 288: E462–E468.SzczepaniakLSNurenbergPLeonardDBrowningJDReingoldJSGrundyS:Magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure hepatic triglyceride content: prevalence of hepatic steatosis in the general population.2005;288:462–468.10.1152/ajpendo.00064.200415339742Search in Google Scholar
Lok AS, Everhart JE, Chung RT, Padmanabhan L, Greenson JK, Shiffman ML et al.: Hepatic steatosis in hepatitis C: comparison of diabetic and nondiabetic patients in the hepatitis C antiviral long-term treatment against cirrhosis trial. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 5: 245–254.LokASEverhartJEChungRTPadmanabhanLGreensonJKShiffmanML:Hepatic steatosis in hepatitis C: comparison of diabetic and nondiabetic patients in the hepatitis C antiviral long-term treatment against cirrhosis trial.2007;5:245–254.10.1016/j.cgh.2006.11.00217296533Search in Google Scholar
Fartoux L, Chazouilleres O, Wendum D, Poupon R, Serfaty L: Impact of steatosis on progression of fibrosis in patients with mild hepatitis C. Hepatology 2005; 41: 82–87.FartouxLChazouilleresOWendumDPouponRSerfatyL:Impact of steatosis on progression of fibrosis in patients with mild hepatitis C.2005;41:82–87.10.1002/hep.2051915690484Search in Google Scholar
Reeder SB, Cruite I, Hamilton G, Sirlin CB: Quantitative assessment of liver fat with magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. J Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 34: 729–749.ReederSBCruiteIHamiltonGSirlinCB:Quantitative assessment of liver fat with magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy.2011;34:729–749.10.1002/jmri.22580Search in Google Scholar
National Guideline Centre (UK): Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: assessment and management. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK) 2016; 6. Dostęp online: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK384715/.National Guideline Centre (UK):.London:National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK)2016;6.Dostęp online: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK384715/.Search in Google Scholar
Regev A, Berho M, Jeffers LJ, Milikowski C, Molina EG, Pyrsopoulos NT et al.: Sampling error and intraobserver variation in liver biopsy in patients with chronic HCV infection. Am J Gastroenterol 2002; 97: 2614–2618.RegevABerhoMJeffersLJMilikowskiCMolinaEGPyrsopoulosNT:Sampling error and intraobserver variation in liver biopsy in patients with chronic HCV infection.2002;97:2614–2618.10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.06038.x12385448Search in Google Scholar
Ratziu V, Charlotte F, Heurtier A, Gombert S, Giral P, Bruckert E et al.: Sampling variability of liver biopsy in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology 2005; 128: 1898–1906.RatziuVCharlotteFHeurtierAGombertSGiralPBruckertE:Sampling variability of liver biopsy in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.2005;128:1898–1906.10.1053/j.gastro.2005.03.08415940625Search in Google Scholar
Kinner S, Reeder SB, Yokoo T: Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers of NAFLD. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61: 1337–1347.KinnerSReederSBYokooT:Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers of NAFLD.2016;61:1337–1347.10.1007/s10620-016-4037-1485463926848588Search in Google Scholar
Noureddin M, Lam J, Peterson MR, Middleton M, Hamilton G, Le TA et al.: Utility of magnetic resonance imaging versus histology for quantifying changes in liver fat in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease trials. Hepatology 2013; 58: 1930–1940.NoureddinMLamJPetersonMRMiddletonMHamiltonGLeTA:Utility of magnetic resonance imaging versus histology for quantifying changes in liver fat in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease trials.2013;58:1930–1940.10.1002/hep.26455481996223696515Search in Google Scholar
Kang GH, Cruite I, Shiehmorteza M, Wolfson T, Gamst AC, Hamilton G et al.: Reproducibility of MRI-determined proton density fat fraction across two different MR scanner platforms. J Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 34: 928–934.KangGHCruiteIShiehmortezaMWolfsonTGamstACHamiltonG:Reproducibility of MRI-determined proton density fat fraction across two different MR scanner platforms.2011;34:928–934.10.1002/jmri.22701Search in Google Scholar
Meisamy S, Hines CD, Hamilton G, Sirlin CB, McKenzie CA, Yu H et al.: Quantification of hepatic steatosis with T1-independent, T2-corrected MR imaging with spectral modeling of fat: blinded comparison with MR spectroscopy. Radiology 2011; 258: 767–775.MeisamySHinesCDHamiltonGSirlinCBMcKenzieCAYuH:Quantification of hepatic steatosis with T1-independent, T2-corrected MR imaging with spectral modeling of fat: blinded comparison with MR spectroscopy.2011;258:767–775.10.1148/radiol.10100708Search in Google Scholar
Idilman IS, Aniktar H, Idilman R, Kabacam G, Savas B, Elhan A et al.: Hepatic steatosis: quantification by proton density fat fraction with MR imaging versus liver biopsy. Radiology 2013; 267: 767–775.IdilmanISAniktarHIdilmanRKabacamGSavasBElhanA:Hepatic steatosis: quantification by proton density fat fraction with MR imaging versus liver biopsy.2013;267:767–775.10.1148/radiol.13121360Search in Google Scholar
Rehm JL, Wolfgram PM, Hernando D, Eickhoff JC, Allen DB, Reeder SB: Proton density fat-fraction is an accurate biomarker of hepatic steatosis in adolescent girls and young women. Eur Radiol 2015; 25: 2921–2930.RehmJLWolfgramPMHernandoDEickhoffJCAllenDBReederSB:Proton density fat-fraction is an accurate biomarker of hepatic steatosis in adolescent girls and young women.2015;25:2921–2930.10.1007/s00330-015-3724-1Search in Google Scholar
Permutt Z, Le TA, Peterson MR, Seki E, Brenner DA, Sirlin C et al.: Correlation between liver histology and novel magnetic resonance imaging in adult patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease – MRI accurately quantifies hepatic steatosis in NAFLD. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 36: 22–29.PermuttZLeTAPetersonMRSekiEBrennerDASirlinC:Correlation between liver histology and novel magnetic resonance imaging in adult patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease – MRI accurately quantifies hepatic steatosis in NAFLD.2012;36:22–29.10.1111/j.1365-2036.2012.05121.xSearch in Google Scholar
Tang A, Tan J, Sun M, Hamilton G, Bydder M, Wolfson T et al.: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: MR imaging of liver proton density fat fraction to assess hepatic steatosis. Radiology 2013; 267: 422–431.TangATanJSunMHamiltonGBydderMWolfsonT:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: MR imaging of liver proton density fat fraction to assess hepatic steatosis.2013;267:422–431.10.1148/radiol.12120896Search in Google Scholar
Palmentieri B, de Sio I, La Mura V, Masarone M, Vecchione R, Bruno S et al.: The role of bright liver echo pattern on ultrasound B-mode examination in the diagnosis of liver steatosis. Dig Liver Dis 2006; 38: 485–489.PalmentieriBde SioILa MuraVMasaroneMVecchioneRBrunoS:The role of bright liver echo pattern on ultrasound B-mode examination in the diagnosis of liver steatosis.2006;38:485–489.10.1016/j.dld.2006.03.021Search in Google Scholar
Osawa H, Mori Y: Sonographic diagnosis of fatty liver using a histogram technique that compares liver and renal cortical echo amplitudes. J Clin Ultrasound 1996; 24: 25–29.OsawaHMoriY:Sonographic diagnosis of fatty liver using a histogram technique that compares liver and renal cortical echo amplitudes.1996;24:25–29.10.1002/(SICI)1097-0096(199601)24:1<25::AID-JCU4>3.0.CO;2-NSearch in Google Scholar
Webb M, Yeshua H, Zelber-Sagi S, Santo E, Brazowski E, Halpern Z et al.: Diagnostic value of a computerized hepatorenal index for sonographic quantification of liver steatosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2009; 192: 909–914.WebbMYeshuaHZelber-SagiSSantoEBrazowskiEHalpernZ:Diagnostic value of a computerized hepatorenal index for sonographic quantification of liver steatosis.2009;192:909–914.10.2214/AJR.07.4016Search in Google Scholar
Mancini M, Prinster A, Annuzzi G, Liuzzi R, Giacco R, Medagli C et al.: Sonographic hepatic-renal ratio as indicator of hepatic steatosis: comparison with 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Metabolism 2009; 58: 1724–1730.ManciniMPrinsterAAnnuzziGLiuzziRGiaccoRMedagliC:Sonographic hepatic-renal ratio as indicator of hepatic steatosis: comparison with 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy.2009;58:1724–1730.10.1016/j.metabol.2009.05.032Search in Google Scholar
Marshall RH, Eissa M, Bluth EI, Gulotta PM, Davis NK: Hepatorenal index as an accurate, simple, and effective tool in screening for steatosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2012; 199: 997–1002.MarshallRHEissaMBluthEIGulottaPMDavisNK:Hepatorenal index as an accurate, simple, and effective tool in screening for steatosis.2012;199:997–1002.10.2214/AJR.11.667723096171Search in Google Scholar
Borges VF, Diniz AL, Cotrim HP, Rocha HL, Andrade NB: Sonographic hepatorenal ratio: a noninvasive method to diagnose nonalcoholic steatosis. J Clin Ultrasound 2013; 41: 18–25.BorgesVFDinizALCotrimHPRochaHLAndradeNB:Sonographic hepatorenal ratio: a noninvasive method to diagnose nonalcoholic steatosis.2013;41:18–25.10.1002/jcu.2199422997020Search in Google Scholar
Martin-Rodriguez JL, Arrebola JP, Jimenez-Moleon JJ, Olea N, Gonzalez-Calvin JL: Sonographic quantification of a hepato-renal index for the assessment of hepatic steatosis in comparison with 3T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 26: 88–94.Martin-RodriguezJLArrebolaJPJimenez-MoleonJJOleaNGonzalez-CalvinJL:Sonographic quantification of a hepato-renal index for the assessment of hepatic steatosis in comparison with 3T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.2014;26:88–94.10.1097/MEG.0b013e328365065023921844Search in Google Scholar
Zhang B, Ding F, Chen T, Xia LH, Qian J, Lv GY: Ultrasound hepatic/renal ratio and hepatic attenuation rate for quantifying liver fat content. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20: 17985–17992.ZhangBDingFChenTXiaLHQianJLvGY:Ultrasound hepatic/renal ratio and hepatic attenuation rate for quantifying liver fat content.2014;20:17985–17992.10.3748/wjg.v20.i47.17985427315025548498Search in Google Scholar
Babu AS, Wells ML, Teytelboym OM, Mackey JE, Miller FH, Yeh BM et al.: Elastography in chronic liver disease: modalities, techniques, limitations, and future directions. Radiographics 2016; 36: 1987–2006.BabuASWellsMLTeytelboymOMMackeyJEMillerFHYehBM:Elastography in chronic liver disease: modalities, techniques, limitations, and future directions.2016;36:1987–2006.10.1148/rg.2016160042558455327689833Search in Google Scholar
Middleton MS, Heba ER, Hooker CA, Bashir MR, Fowler KJ, Sandrasegaran K et al.: Agreement between magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction measurements and pathologist-assigned steatosis grades of liver biopsies from adults with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology 2017; 153: 753–761.MiddletonMSHebaERHookerCABashirMRFowlerKJSandrasegaranK:Agreement between magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction measurements and pathologist-assigned steatosis grades of liver biopsies from adults with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.2017;153:753–761.10.1053/j.gastro.2017.06.005569587028624576Search in Google Scholar
Kim M, Kang B-K, Jun DW: Comparison of conventional sonographic signs and magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction for assessment of hepatic steatosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8: 7759.KimMKangB-KJunDW:Comparison of conventional sonographic signs and magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction for assessment of hepatic steatosis.2018;8:7759.10.1038/s41598-018-26019-x595807729773823Search in Google Scholar
Shiralkar K, Johnson S, Bluth EI, Marshall RH, Dornelles A, Gulotta PM: Improved method for calculating hepatic steatosis using the hepatorenal index. J Ultrasound Med 2015; 34: 1051–1059.ShiralkarKJohnsonSBluthEIMarshallRHDornellesAGulottaPM:Improved method for calculating hepatic steatosis using the hepatorenal index.2015;34:1051–1059.10.7863/ultra.34.6.105126014325Search in Google Scholar
Loy M, Serra G, Chessa L: The prevalence of bright liver echo pattern in patients with chronic hepatitis C: correlation with steatosis and fibrosis. J Ultrasound 2014; 19: 91–98.LoyMSerraGChessaL:The prevalence of bright liver echo pattern in patients with chronic hepatitis C: correlation with steatosis and fibrosis.2014;19:91–98.10.1007/s40477-014-0114-5487900627298639Search in Google Scholar
Perez NE, Siddiqui FA, Mutchnick MG, Dhar R, Tobi M, Ullah N et al.: Ultrasound diagnosis of fatty liver in patients with chronic liver disease: a retrospective observational study. J Clin Gastroenterol 2007; 41: 624–629.PerezNESiddiquiFAMutchnickMGDharRTobiMUllahN:Ultrasound diagnosis of fatty liver in patients with chronic liver disease: a retrospective observational study.2007;41:624–629.10.1097/01.mcg.0000225680.45088.0117577120Search in Google Scholar
Petta S, Maida M, Macaluso FS, Di Marco V, Cammà C, Cabibi D, Craxì A: The severity of steatosis influences liver stiffness measurement in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 2015; 62: 1101–1110.PettaSMaidaMMacalusoFSDi MarcoVCammàCCabibiDCraxìA:The severity of steatosis influences liver stiffness measurement in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.2015;62:1101–1110.10.1002/hep.2784425991038Search in Google Scholar
Samir AE, Dhyani M, Vij A, Bhan AK, Halpern EF, Méndez-Navarro J et al.: Shear-wave elastography for the estimation of liver fibrosis in chronic liver disease: determining accuracy and ideal site for measurement. Radiology 2015; 274: 888–896.SamirAEDhyaniMVijABhanAKHalpernEFMéndez-NavarroJ:Shear-wave elastography for the estimation of liver fibrosis in chronic liver disease: determining accuracy and ideal site for measurement.2015;274:888–896.10.1148/radiol.14140839445567625393946Search in Google Scholar