[1. Zhang Y, Proenca R, Maffei M, Barone M, Leopold L, Friedman JM. Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature 1994; 372: 425-32.10.1038/372425a0]Search in Google Scholar
[2. Chen H, Charlat O, Tartaglia LA, Woolf EA, Weng X, Ellis SJ. et al. Evidence that the diabetes gene encodes the leptin receptor: identification of a mutation in the leptin receptor gene in db/db mice. Cell 1996; 84: 491-5.10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81294-5]Search in Google Scholar
[3. Halaas JL, Gajiwala KS, Maffei M, Cohen SL, Chait BT, Rabinowitz D. et al. Weight-reducing effects of the plasma protein encoded by the obese gene. Science 1995; 269: 543-6.10.1126/science.76247777624777]Search in Google Scholar
[4. Lonnqvist F, Arner P, Nordfors L, Schalling M. Overexpression of the obese (ob) gene in adipose tissue of human obese subjects. Nat Med 1995; 1: 950-3.10.1038/nm0995-9507585223]Search in Google Scholar
[5. Caprio S, Tamborlane WV, Silver D, Robinson C, Leibel R, McCarthy S. et al. Hyperleptinemia: an early sign of juvenile obesity: relations to body fat depots and insulin concentrations. Am J Physiol 1996; 271: E626-30.10.1152/ajpendo.1996.271.3.E6268843759]Search in Google Scholar
[6. Farooqi IS, Matarese G, Lord GM, Keogh JM, Lawrence E, Agwu C. et al. Beneficial effects of leptin on obesity, T cell hyporesponsiveness, and neuroendocrine/metabolic dysfunction of human congenital leptin deficiency. J Clin Invest 2002; 110: 1093-103.10.1172/JCI0215693]Search in Google Scholar
[7. Fiorenza CG, Chou SH, Mantzoros CS. Lipodystrophy: pathophysiology and advances in treatment. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2011; 7: 137-50.10.1038/nrendo.2010.199315073521079616]Search in Google Scholar
[8. Hebebrand J, Muller TD, Holtkamp K, Herpertz-Dahlmann B. The role of leptin in anorexia nervosa: clinical implications. Mol Psychiatry 2007; 12: 23-35.10.1038/sj.mp.400190917060920]Search in Google Scholar
[9. Considine RV, Sinha MK, Heiman ML, Kriauciunas A, Stephens TW, Nyce MR. et al. Serum immunoreactive-leptin concentrations in normal-weight and obese humans. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 292-5.10.1056/NEJM1996020133405038532024]Search in Google Scholar
[10. Holm JC, Gamborg M, Kaas-Ibsen K, Gammeltoft S, Ward L, Heitmann BL. et al. Time course and determinants of leptin decline during weight loss in obese boys and girls. Int J Pediatr Obes 2007; 2: 2-10.10.1080/1747716060099150917763005]Search in Google Scholar
[11. Wabitsch M, Blum WF, Muche R, Braun M, Hube F, Rascher W. et al. Contribution of androgens to the gender difference in leptin production in obese children and adolescents. J Clin Invest 1997; 100: 808-13.10.1172/JCI119595]Search in Google Scholar
[12. Heymsfield SB, Greenberg AS, Fujioka K, Dixon RM, Kushner R, Hunt T. et al. Recombinant leptin for weight loss in obese and lean adults: a randomized, controlled, dose-escalation trial. JAMA 1999; 282: 1568-75.10.1001/jama.282.16.1568]Search in Google Scholar
[13. Steinberg GR, Parolin ML, Heigenhauser GJ, Dyck DJ. Leptin increases FA oxidation in lean but not obese human skeletal muscle: evidence of peripheral leptin resistance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2002; 283: E187-92.10.1152/ajpendo.00542.2001]Search in Google Scholar
[14. Steinberg GR, Smith AC, Van Denderen BJ, Chen Z, Murthy S, Campbell DJ. et al. AMP-activated protein kinase is not down-regulated in human skeletal muscle of obese females. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89: 4575-80.10.1210/jc.2004-0308]Search in Google Scholar
[15. Yoshinaga M, Sameshima K, Tanaka Y, Wada A, Hashiguchi J, Tahara H. et al. Adipokines and the prediction of the accumulation of cardiovascular risk factors or the presence of metabolic syndrome in elementary school children. Circ J 2008; 72: 1874-8.10.1253/circj.CJ-08-0180]Search in Google Scholar
[16. Kim IK, Kim J, Kang JH, Song J. Serum leptin as a predictor of fatty liver in 7-year-old Korean children. Ann Nutr Metab 2008; 53: 109-16.10.1159/000165360]Search in Google Scholar
[17. Fantuzzi G. Three questions about leptin and immunity. Brain Behav Immun 2009; 23: 405-10.10.1016/j.bbi.2008.10.007]Search in Google Scholar
[18. Reseland JE, Gordeladze JO. Role of leptin in bone growth: central player or peripheral supporter? FEBS Lett 2002; 528: 40-2.]Search in Google Scholar
[19. Ducy P, Amling M, Takeda S, Priemel M, Schilling AF, Beil FT. et al. Leptin inhibits bone formation through a hypothalamic relay: a central control of bone mass. Cell 2000; 100: 197-207.10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81558-5]Search in Google Scholar
[20. Lang K, Ratke J. Leptin and adiponectin: new players in the field of tumor cell and leukocyte migration. Cell Commun Signal 2009; 7: 27.10.1186/1478-811X-7-27280460420030801]Search in Google Scholar
[21. von SJ, Moss A, Nagel SA. et al. Leptin substitution results in the induction of menstrual cycles in an adolescent with leptin deficiency and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Horm Res Paediatr 2012; 77: 127-33.10.1159/00033600322343341]Search in Google Scholar
[22. von SJ, Moss A, Nagel SA, Muehleder H, Debatin KM, Farooqi IS. et al. Leptin substitution results in the induction of menstrual cycles in an adolescent with leptin deficiency and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Horm Res Paediatr 2012; 77: 127-33.10.1159/00033600322343341]Search in Google Scholar
[23. Rosenbaum M, Goldsmith R, Bloomfield D, Magnano A, Weimer L, Heymsfield S. et al. Low-dose leptin reverses skeletal muscle, autonomic, and neuroendocrine adaptations to maintenance of reduced weight. J Clin Invest 2005; 115: 3579-86.10.1172/JCI25977129725016322796]Search in Google Scholar
[24. Misra M. Obesity pharmacotherapy: current perspectives and future directions. Curr Cardiol Rev 2013; 9: 33-54.]Search in Google Scholar
[25. Retnakaran R, Youn BS, Liu Y, Hanley AJ, Lee NS, Park JW. et al. Correlation of circulating full-length visfatin (PBEF/NAMPT) with metabolic parameters in subjects with and without diabetes: a cross-sectional study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2008; 69: 885-93.10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03264.x18410550]Search in Google Scholar
[26. Cambuli VM, Musiu MC, Incani M, Paderi M, Serpe R, Marras V. et al. Assessment of adiponectin and leptin as biomarkers of positive metabolic outcomes after lifestyle intervention in overweight and obese children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93: 3051-7.10.1210/jc.2008-047618492759]Search in Google Scholar
[27. Hu E, Liang P, Spiegelman BM. AdipoQ is a novel adipose-specific gene dysregulated in obesity. J Biol Chem 1996; 271: 10697-703.10.1074/jbc.271.18.106978631877]Search in Google Scholar
[28. Matsubara M, Maruoka S, Katayose S. Inverse relationship between plasma adiponectin and leptin concentrations in normal-weight and obese women. Eur J Endocrinol 2002; 147: 173-80.10.1530/eje.0.147017312153737]Search in Google Scholar
[29. Bauche IB, El Mkadem SA, Pottier AM, Senou M, Many MC, Rezsohazy R. et al. Overexpression of adiponectin targeted to adipose tissue in transgenic mice: impaired adipocyte differentiation. Endocrinology 2007; 148: 1539-49.10.1210/en.2006-083817204560]Search in Google Scholar
[30. Horenburg S, Fischer-Posovszky P, Debatin KM, Wabitsch M. Influence of sex hormones on adiponectin expression in human adipocytes. Horm Metab Res 2008; 40: 779-86.10.1055/s-0028-108378018792884]Search in Google Scholar
[31. Yamauchi T, Kamon J, Ito Y, Tsuchida A, Yokomizo T, Kita S. et al. Cloning of adiponectin receptors that mediate antidiabetic metabolic effects. Nature 2003; 423: 762-9.10.1038/nature0170512802337]Search in Google Scholar
[32. Kadowaki T, Yamauchi T, Kubota N, Hara K, Ueki K, Tobe K. Adiponectin and adiponectin receptors in insulin resistance, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome. J Clin Invest 2006; 116: 1784-92.10.1172/JCI29126148317216823476]Search in Google Scholar
[33. Spranger J, Kroke A, Mohlig M, Bergmann MM, Ristow M, Boeing H. et al. Adiponectin and protection against type 2 diabetes mellitus. Lancet 2003; 361: 226-8.10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12255-6]Search in Google Scholar
[34. Nakashima R, Kamei N, Yamane K, Nakanishi S, Nakashima A, Kohno N. Decreased total and high molecular weight adiponectin are independent risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes in Japanese-Americans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91: 3873-7.10.1210/jc.2006-1158]Search in Google Scholar
[35. Fisher FM, Trujillo ME, Hanif W, Barnett AH, McTernan PG, Scherer PE. et al. Serum high molecular weight complex of adiponectin correlates better with glucose tolerance than total serum adiponectin in Indo- Asian males. Diabetologia 2005; 48:1084-7.10.1007/s00125-005-1758-7]Search in Google Scholar
[36. Panagopoulou P, Galli-Tsinopoulou A, Fleva A, Pavlitou-Tsiontsi E, Vavatsi-Christaki N, Nousia-Arvanitakis S. Adiponectin and insulin resistance in childhood obesity. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2008; 47: 356-62.10.1097/MPG.0b013e31817fcb67]Search in Google Scholar
[37. Murphy MJ, Hosking J, Metcalf BS, Voss LD, Jeffery AN, Sattar N. et al. Distribution of adiponectin, leptin, and metabolic correlates of insulin resistance: a longitudinal study in British children; 1: prepuberty (EarlyBird 15). Clin Chem 2008; 54: 1298-306.10.1373/clinchem.2008.103499]Search in Google Scholar
[38. Hara K, Boutin P, Mori Y, Tobe K, Dina C, Yasuda K. et al. Genetic variation in the gene encoding adiponectin is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in the Japanese population. Diabetes 2002; 51: 536-40.10.2337/diabetes.51.2.536]Search in Google Scholar
[39. Poitou C, Lacorte JM, Coupaye M, Bertrais S, Bedel JF, Lafon N. et al. Relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms in leptin, IL6 and adiponectin genes and their circulating product in morbidly obese subjects before and after gastric banding surgery. Obes Surg 2005; 15: 11-23.10.1381/0960892052993431]Search in Google Scholar
[40. Lindsay RS, Funahashi T, Hanson RL, Matsuzawa Y, Tanaka S, Tataranni PA. et al. Adiponectin and development of type 2 diabetes in the Pima Indian population. Lancet 2002; 360: 57-8.10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09335-2]Search in Google Scholar
[41. Kubota N, Terauchi Y, Kubota T, Kumagai H, Itoh S, Satoh H. et al. Pioglitazone ameliorates insulin resistance and diabetes by both adiponectin-dependent and -independent pathways. J Biol Chem 2006; 281: 8748-55.10.1074/jbc.M50564920016431926]Search in Google Scholar
[42. Motoshima H, Wu X, Mahadev K, Goldstein BJ. Adiponectin suppresses proliferation and superoxide generation and enhances eNOS activity in endothelial cells treated with oxidized LDL. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 315: 264-71.10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.01.04914766203]Search in Google Scholar
[43. Hui JM, Hodge A, Farrell GC, Kench JG, Kriketos A, George J. Beyond insulin resistance in NASH: TNF-alpha or adiponectin? Hepatology 2004; 40: 46-54.]Search in Google Scholar
[44. Kelesidis I, Kelesidis T, Mantzoros CS. Adiponectin and cancer: a systematic review. Br J Cancer 2006; 94: 1221-5.10.1038/sj.bjc.6603051236139716570048]Search in Google Scholar
[45. Berndt J, Kloting N, Kralisch S, Kovacs P, Fasshauer M, Schon MR. et al. Plasma visfatin concentrations and fat depot-specific mRNA expression in humans. Diabetes 2005; 54: 2911-6.10.2337/diabetes.54.10.291116186392]Search in Google Scholar
[46. Pagano C, Pilon C, Olivieri M, Mason P, Fabris R, Serra R. et al. Reduced plasma visfatin/pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor in obesity is not related to insulin resistance in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91: 3165-70.10.1210/jc.2006-036116720654]Search in Google Scholar
[47. Haider DG, Holzer G, Schaller G, Weghuber D, Widhalm K, Wagner O. et al. The adipokine visfatin is markedly elevated in obese children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2006; 43: 548-9.10.1097/01.mpg.0000235749.50820.b317033537]Search in Google Scholar
[48. Jin H, Jiang B, Tang J, Lu W, Wang W, Zhou L. et al. Serum visfatin concentrations in obese adolescents and its correlation with age and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2008; 79: 412-8.10.1016/j.diabres.2007.09.01918241953]Search in Google Scholar
[49. Belo VA, Souza-Costa DC, Lacchini R, Sertório JT, Lanna CM, Carmo VP. et al. Adiponectin associates positively with nitrite levels in children and adolescents. Int J Obes (Lond) 2013; 37: 740-3.10.1038/ijo.2012.10422751257]Search in Google Scholar
[50. Li RZ, Ma X, Hu XF, Kang SX, Chen SK, Cianflone K. et al. Elevated visfatin levels in obese children are related to proinflammatory factors. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2013; 26: 111-8.]Search in Google Scholar
[51. Taskesen D, Kirel B, Us T. Serum visfatin levels, adiposity and glucose metabolism in obese adolescents. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2012; 4: 76-81. 10.4274/Jcrpe.547]Search in Google Scholar
[52. Fukuhara A, Matsuda M, Nishizawa M, Segawa K, Tanaka M, Kishimoto K. et al. Visfatin: a protein secreted by visceral fat that mimics the effects of insulin. Science 2005; 307: 426-30.10.1126/science.109724315604363]Search in Google Scholar
[53. Varma V, Yao-Borengasser A, Rasouli N, Bodles AM, Phanavanh B, Lee MJ. et al. Human visfatin expression: relationship to insulin sensitivity, intramyocellular lipids, and inflammation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92: 666-72.10.1210/jc.2006-1303289341617090638]Search in Google Scholar
[54. Revollo JR, Korner A, Mills KF, Satoh A, Wang T, Garten A. et al. Nampt/PBEF/ Visfatin regulates insulin secretion in beta cells as a systemic NAD biosynthetic enzyme. Cell Metab 2007; 6: 363-75.10.1016/j.cmet.2007.09.003209869817983582]Search in Google Scholar
[55. Spinnler R, Gorski T, Stolz K, Schuster S, Garten A, Beck-Sickinger AG. et al. The adipocytokine Nampt and its product NMN have no effect on beta-cell survival but potentiate glucose stimulated insulin secretion. PLoS One 2013; 8: e54106.10.1371/journal.pone.0054106]Search in Google Scholar
[56. Haider DG, Schaller G, Kapiotis S, Maier C, Luger A, Wolzt M. The release of the adipocytokine visfatin is regulated by glucose and insulin. Diabetologia 2006; 49: 1909-14.10.1007/s00125-006-0303-7]Search in Google Scholar
[57. Haider DG, Schindler K, Schaller G, Prager G, Wolzt M, Ludvik B. Increased plasma visfatin concentrations in morbidly obese subjects are reduced after gastric banding. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91: 1578-81.10.1210/jc.2005-2248]Search in Google Scholar
[58. Pfutzner A, Marx N, Walcher D, Lobig M, Seidel D, Forst T. Impact of rosiglitazone on visfatin and adiponectin plasma concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. Clin Lab 2008; 54: 237-41.]Search in Google Scholar
[59. Friebe D, Neef M, Kratzsch J, Erbs S, Dittrich K, Garten A. et al. Leucocytes are a major source of circulating nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT)/pre-B cell colony (PBEF)/ visfatin linking obesity and inflammation in humans. Diabetologia 2011; 54: 1200-11.10.1007/s00125-010-2042-z]Search in Google Scholar
[60. Patel L, Buckels AC, Kinghorn IJ, Murdock PR, Holbrook JD, Plumpton C. et al. Resistin is expressed in human macrophages and directly regulated by PPAR gamma activators. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 300: 472-6.10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02841-3]Search in Google Scholar
[61. Patel L, Buckels AC, Kinghorn IJ, Murdock PR, Holbrook JD, Plumpton C. et al. Resistin is expressed in human macrophages and directly regulated by PPAR gamma activators. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 300: 472-6.10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02841-3]Search in Google Scholar
[62. Nieva-Vazquez A, Pérez-Fuentes R, Torres-Rasgado E, López-López JG, Romero JR. Serum resistin levels are associated with adiposity and insulin sensitivity in obese Hispanic subjects. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2014; 12: 143-8.10.1089/met.2013.0118399713924266722]Search in Google Scholar
[63. Savage DB, Sewter CP, Klenk ES, Segal DG, Vidal-Puig A, Considine RV. et al. Resistin / Fizz3 expression in relation to obesity and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma action in humans. Diabetes 2001; 50: 2199-202.10.2337/diabetes.50.10.219911574398]Search in Google Scholar
[64. Sentinelli F, Romeo S, Arca M, Filippi E, Leonetti F, Banchieri M. et al. Human resistin gene, obesity, and type 2 diabetes: mutation analysis and population study. Diabetes 2002; 51: 860-2.10.2337/diabetes.51.3.86011872692]Search in Google Scholar
[65. Azuma K, Oguchi S, Matsubara Y, Mamizuka T, Murata M, Kikuchi H. et al. Novel resistin promoter polymorphisms: association with serum resistin level in Japanese obese individuals. Horm Metab Res 2004; 36: 564-70.10.1055/s-2004-82576215326567]Search in Google Scholar
[66. Ortega L, Riestra P, Navarro P, Gavela-Perez T, Soriano-Guillen L, Garces C. Resistin levels are related to fat mass, but not to body mass index in children. Peptides 2013; 49: 49-52.10.1016/j.peptides.2013.08.01924012666]Search in Google Scholar
[67. Steppan CM, Bailey ST, Bhat S, Brown EJ, Banerjee RR, Wright CM. et al. The hormone resistin links obesity to diabetes. Nature 2001; 409: 307-12.10.1038/3505300011201732]Search in Google Scholar
[68. Banerjee RR, Rangwala SM, Shapiro JS, Rich AS, Rhoades B, Qi Y. et al. Regulation of fasted blood glucose by resistin. Science 2004; 303: 1195-8.10.1126/science.109234114976316]Search in Google Scholar
[69. Hivert MF, Sullivan LM, Fox CS, Nathan DM, D’Agostino RB, Sr., Wilson PW. et al. Associations of adiponectin, resistin, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha with insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93: 3165-72.10.1210/jc.2008-0425251508718492747]Search in Google Scholar
[70. Geyikli I, Keskin M, Kor Y, Akan M. Increased resistin serum concentrations in patientswith type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2013; 5: 189-93.10.4274/Jcrpe.1072381453424072088]Search in Google Scholar
[71. Osawa H, Yamada K, Onuma H, Murakami A, Ochi M, Kawata H. et al. The G/G genotype of a resistin single-nucleotide polymorphism at -420 increases type 2 diabetes mellitus susceptibility by inducing promoter activity through specific binding of Sp1/3. Am J Hum Genet 2004; 75: 678-86.10.1086/424761118205515338456]Search in Google Scholar
[72. Kaser S, Kaser A, Sandhofer A, Ebenbichler CF, Tilg H, Patsch JR. Resistin messenger-RNA expression is increased by proinflammatory cytokines in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 309: 286-90.10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.07.00312951047]Search in Google Scholar
[73. 73 gawa-Yamauchi M, Bovenkerk JE, Juliar BE, Watson W, Kerr K, Jones R. et al. Serum resistin (FIZZ3) protein is increased in obese humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88: 5452-5.10.1210/jc.2002-02180814602788]Search in Google Scholar
[74. Yang Q, Graham TE, Mody N, Preitner F, Peroni OD, Zabolotny JM. et al. Serum retinol binding protein 4 contributes to insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Nature 2005; 436: 356-62.10.1038/nature0371116034410]Search in Google Scholar
[75. Graham TE, Yang Q, Bluher M, Hammarstedt A, Ciaraldi TP, Henry RR. et al. Retinol-binding protein 4 and insulin resistance in lean, obese, and diabetic subjects. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 2552-63.10.1056/NEJMoa05486216775236]Search in Google Scholar
[76. Janke J, Engeli S, Boschmann M, Adams F, Bohnke J, Luft FC. et al. Retinol-binding protein 4 in human obesity. Diabetes 2006; 55: 2805-10.10.2337/db06-061617003346]Search in Google Scholar
[77. Yao-Borengasser A, Varma V, Bodles AM, Rasouli N, Phanavanh B, Lee MJ. et al. Retinol binding protein 4 expression in humans: relationship to insulin resistance, inflammation, and response to pioglitazone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92: 2590-7.10.1210/jc.2006-0816289341517595259]Search in Google Scholar
[78. Ulgen F, Herder C, Kuhn MC, Willenberg HS, Schott M, Scherbaum WA. et al. Association of serum levels of retinol-binding protein 4 with male sex but not with insulin resistance in obese patients. Arch Physiol Biochem 2010; 116: 57-62.10.3109/1381345100363142120222849]Search in Google Scholar
[79. Bobbert T, Raila J, Schwarz F, Mai K, Henze A, Pfeiffer AF. et al. Relation between retinol, retinol-binding protein 4, transthyretin and carotid intima media thickness. Atherosclerosis 2010; 213: 549-51.10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.07.06320832065]Search in Google Scholar
[80. Sasaki M, Otani T, Kawakami M, Ishikawa SE. Elevation of plasma retinol-binding protein 4 and reduction of plasma adiponectin in subjects with cerebral infarction. Metabolism 2010; 59: 527-32.10.1016/j.metabol.2009.08.01519846170]Search in Google Scholar
[81. Aeberli I, Biebinger R, Lehmann R, L’allemand D, Spinas GA, Zimmermann MB. Serum retinol-binding protein 4 concentration and its ratio to serum retinol are associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome components in children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92: 4359-65.10.1210/jc.2007-046817726085]Search in Google Scholar
[82. Reinehr T, Stoffel-Wagner B, Roth CL. Retinol-binding protein 4 and its relation to insulin resistance in obese children before and after weight loss. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93: 2287-93.10.1210/jc.2007-2745272918118397979]Search in Google Scholar
[83. Yeste D, Vendrell J, Tomasini R, Gallart LL, Clemente M, Simon I. et al. Retinol-binding protein 4 levels in obese children and adolescents with glucose intolerance. Horm Res Paediatr 2010; 73: 335-40.10.1159/00030816520389103]Search in Google Scholar
[84. Qi Q, Yu Z, Ye X, Zhao F, Huang P, Hu FB. et al. Elevated retinolbinding protein 4 levels are associated with metabolic syndrome in Chinese people. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92: 4827-34.10.1210/jc.2007-121917878249]Search in Google Scholar
[85. Lim S, Yoon JW, Choi SH, Park YJ, Lee JJ, Park JH. et al. Combined impact of adiponectin and retinol-binding protein 4 on metabolic syndrome in elderly people: the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2010; 18: 826-32.10.1038/oby.2009.23219661959]Search in Google Scholar
[86. Wu Y, Li H, Loos RJ, Qi Q, Hu FB, Liu Y. et al. RBP4 variants are significantly associated with plasma RBP4 levels and hypertriglyceridemia risk in Chinese Hans. J Lipid Res 2009; 50: 1479-86.10.1194/jlr.P900014-JLR200269434619287041]Search in Google Scholar
[87. Haider DG, Schindler K, Prager G, Bohdjalian A, Luger A, Wolzt M. et al. Serum retinol-binding protein 4 is reduced after weight loss in morbidly obese subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92: 1168-71.10.1210/jc.2006-183917164313]Search in Google Scholar
[88. Balagopal P, Graham TE, Kahn BB, Altomare A, Funanage V, George D. Reduction of elevated serum retinol binding protein in obese children by lifestyle intervention: association with subclinical inflammation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92: 1971-4. 10.1210/jc.2006-271217341558]Search in Google Scholar
[89. Promintzer M, Krebs M, Todoric J, Luger A, Bischof MG, Nowotny P. et al. Insulin resistance is unrelated to circulating retinol binding protein and protein C inhibitor. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92: 4306-12.10.1210/jc.2006-252217726077]Search in Google Scholar
[90. von EM, Lepper PM, Liu D, Lang K, Baumann M, Nawroth PP. et al. Retinol-binding protein 4 is associated with components of the metabolic syndrome, but not with insulin resistance, in men with type 2 diabetes or coronary artery disease. Diabetologia 2007; 50: 1930-7.10.1007/s00125-007-0743-817639305]Search in Google Scholar
[91. Ribel-Madsen R, Friedrichsen M, Vaag A, Poulsen P. Retinol-binding protein 4 in twins: regulatory mechanisms and impact of circulating and tissue expression levels on insulin secretion and action. Diabetes 2009; 58: 54-60.10.2337/db08-1019260689318852328]Search in Google Scholar
[92. Chavez AO, Coletta DK, Kamath S, Cromack DT, Monroy A, Folli F. et al. Retinol-binding protein 4 is associated with impaired glucose tolerance but not with whole body or hepatic insulin resistance in Mexican Americans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2009; 296: E758-64.10.1152/ajpendo.90737.200819190263]Search in Google Scholar
[93. Maury E, Brichard SM. Adipokine dysregulation, adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic syndrome. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2010; 314: 1-16.10.1016/j.mce.2009.07.03119682539]Search in Google Scholar
[94. Kotnik P, Keuper M, Wabitsch M, Fischer-Posovszky P. Interleukin-1beta downregulates RBP4 secretion in human adipocytes. PLoS One 2013; 8: e57796.10.1371/journal.pone.0057796358403623460908]Search in Google Scholar
[95. Sell H, Eckel J. Regulation of retinol binding protein 4 production in primary human adipocytes by adiponectin, troglitazone and TNFalpha. Diabetologia 2007; 50: 2221-3.10.1007/s00125-007-0764-317661007]Search in Google Scholar
[96. Cho YM, Youn BS, Lee H, Lee N, Min SS, Kwak SH. et al. Plasma retinol-binding protein-4 concentrations are elevated in human subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2006; 29: 2457-61.10.2337/dc06-036017065684]Search in Google Scholar
[97. Jia W, Wu H, Bao Y, Wang C, Lu J, Zhu J. et al. Association of serum retinol-binding protein 4 and visceral adiposity in Chinese subjects with and without type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92: 3224-9.10.1210/jc.2007-020917550959]Search in Google Scholar
[98. Kim IK, Lee HJ, Kang JH, Song J. Relationship of serum retinolbinding protein 4 with weight status and lipid profile among Korean children and adults. Eur J Clin Nutr 2011; 65: 226-33.10.1038/ejcn.2010.25121102613]Search in Google Scholar
[99. Tan BK, Chen J, Lehnert H, Kennedy R, Randeva HS. Raised serum, adipocyte, and adipose tissue retinol-binding protein 4 in overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome: effects of gonadal and adrenal steroids. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92: 2764-72.10.1210/jc.2007-009117456573]Search in Google Scholar
[100. Kos K, Wong S, Tan B, Kerrigan D, Randeva H, Pinkney J. et al. Human RBP4 adipose tissue expression is gender specific and influenced by leptin. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2011; 74: 197-205.10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010.03892.x21039728]Search in Google Scholar
[101. Stefan N, Hennige AM, Staiger H, Machann J, Schick F, Schleicher E. et al. High circulating retinol-binding protein 4 is associated with elevated liver fat but not with total, subcutaneous, visceral, or intramyocellular fat in humans. Diabetes Care 2007; 30: 1173-8.10.2337/dc06-234217259477]Search in Google Scholar
[102. Takebayashi K, Suetsugu M, Wakabayashi S, Aso Y, Inukai T. Retinol binding protein-4 levels and clinical features of type 2 diabetes patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92: 2712-9.10.1210/jc.2006-124917440021]Search in Google Scholar
[103. Nishizawa H, Shimomura I, Kishida K, Maeda N, Kuriyama H, Nagaretani H. et al. Androgens decrease plasma adiponectin, an insulin-sensitizing adipocyte-derived protein. Diabetes 2002; 51: 2734-41.10.2337/diabetes.51.9.273412196466]Search in Google Scholar
[104. Wabitsch M, Brenner RE, Melzner I, Braun M, Moller P, Heinze E. et al. Characterization of a human preadipocyte cell strain with high capacity for adipose differentiation. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001; 25: 8-15.10.1038/sj.ijo.080152011244452]Search in Google Scholar
[105. Goralski KB, McCarthy TC, Hanniman EA, Zabel BA, Butcher EC, Parlee SD. et al. Chemerin, a novel adipokine that regulates adipogenesis and adipocyte metabolism. J Biol Chem 2007; 282: 28175-88.10.1074/jbc.M70079320017635925]Search in Google Scholar
[106. Shin HY, Lee DC, Chu SH, Jeon JY, Lee MK, Im JA. et al. Chemerin levels are positively correlated with abdominal visceral fat accumulation. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf.) 2012; 77: 47-50.]Search in Google Scholar
[107. Reyman M, Verrijn Stuart AA, van Summeren M, Rakhshandehroo M, Nuboer R, de Boer FK. et al. Vitamin D deficiency in childhood obesity is associated with high levels of circulating inflammatory mediators, and low insulin sensitivity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2014; 38: 46-52.10.1038/ijo.2013.7523736361]Search in Google Scholar
[108. Chu SH, Lee MK, Ahn KY, Im JA, Park MS, Lee DC. et al. Chemerin and adiponectin contribute reciprocally to metabolic syndrome. PLoS One 2012; 7: e34710.10.1371/journal.pone.0034710332450422509348]Search in Google Scholar
[109. Landgraf K, Friebe D, Ullrich T, Kratzsch J, Dittrich K, Herberth G. et al. Chemerin as a mediator between obesity and vascular inflammation in children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97: E556-64.10.1210/jc.2011-293722438234]Search in Google Scholar
